Introduction to Transportation Engineering PDF

Introduction to Transportation Engineering MODULE 1 WEEK Engr. Carmela R. Mirandilla 2  Pre-test To further gauge your level of understanding and where you currently stand in this topic, please answer the pre- test questions honestly. Take note of the items th...

Introduction to Transportation Engineering MODULE 1 WEEK Engr. Carmela R. Mirandilla 2  Pre-test To further gauge your level of understanding and where you currently stand in this topic, please answer the pre- test questions honestly. Take note of the items that you were not able to correctly answer and look for the right answer as you go through this module. note: pretest is uploaded in the google classroom. thank you.  Overview WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION? Transportation is all about moving goods and people from one place to another It is also Safe, efficient, reliable, and sustainable movement of persons and goods over time and space  What is Transportation Engineering ? Transportation engineering is a type of civil engineering which focuses on the infrastructure of transportation: all the elements which support the movement of goods and people. Transportation engineers design runways, build bridges, layout roads and plan docking facilities. They look at traffic patterns, determine when new transport facilities are needed and come up with better ways to get from point A to point B.  What is Transportation Engineering ? Also, Application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation, and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods  Mobility is a basic human need. Everyone travels either for food or leisure. A closely associated need is the transport of raw materials to a manufacturing unit or finished goods for consumption. Transportation fulfils these basic needs of humanity. Transportation plays a major role in the development of the human civilization. For instance, one could easily observe the strong correlation between the evolution of human settlement and the proximity of transport facilities.  Also, there is a strong correlation between the quality of transport facilities and standard of living, because of which society places a great expectation from transportation facilities. In other words, the solution to transportation problems must be analytically based, economically sound, socially credible, environmentally sensitive, and practically acceptable and sustainable. Alternatively, the transportation solution should be safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and eco friendly for both men and material.  the solution to transportation problems must be: 1.analytically based, 2. economically sound, 3.socially credible, 4. environmentally sensitive, and 5. practically acceptable and sustainable. the transportation solution should be 1. safe, 2.rapid, 3. comfortable, 4.convenient, 5. economical, and 5.eco friendly for both men and material.  THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM The characteristics of transportation system that makes it diverse and complex are listed below: 1. Multi-modal 2. Multi-sector 3. Multi-problem 4. Multi-objective. 5. Multi-disciplinary  THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 1. Multi-modal: Covering all modes of transport; air, land, and sea for both passenger and freight.  THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 2. Multi-sector: Encompassing the problems and viewpoints of government, private industry, and public.  THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 3. Multi-problem: Ranging across a spectrum of issues that includes national and international policy, planning of regional system, the location and design of specific facilities, carrier management issues, regulatory, institutional and financial policies  THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 4. Multi-objective: Aiming at national and regional economic development, urban development, environment quality, and social quality, as well as service to users and financial and economic feasibility.  THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 5. Multi-disciplinary: Drawing on the theories and methods of engineering, economics, operations research, political science, psychology, other natural, and social sciences, management and law.  THE CONTEXT IN WHICH TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IS STUDIED IS ALSO VERY DIVERSE AND ARE MENTIONED BELOW: 1. Planning range 2. Passenger transport 3. Freight transport 4. International transport  THE CONTEXT IN WHICH TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IS STUDIED IS ALSO VERY DIVERSE AND ARE MENTIONED BELOW: 1. Planning range: Urban transportation planning, producing long range plans for 5-25 years for multimodal transportation systems in urban areas as well as short range programs of action for less than five years.  THE CONTEXT IN WHICH TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IS STUDIED IS ALSO VERY DIVERSE AND ARE MENTIONED BELOW: 2. Passenger transport: Regional passenger transportation, dealing with inter-city passenger transport by air, rail, and highway and possible with new modes.  THE CONTEXT IN WHICH TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IS STUDIED IS ALSO VERY DIVERSE AND ARE MENTIONED BELOW: 3. Freight transport: Routing and management, choice of different modes of rail and truck. 4. International transport: Issues such as containerization, inter- modal co-ordination  THREE ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Infrastructure: which includes Road, canal, rail, air Transfer points Supporting elements (signs, signals, safety) Vehicles: which includes Planes, trains, autos, buses, ships, trucks Operators/Content : which includes Drivers, pilots, freight, passengers MAJOR DISCIPLINES OF TRANSPORTATION 1. Transportation Planning 2. Geometric Design 3. Pavement Design 4. Traffic Engineering Transportation Planning Transportation planning essentially involves the development of a transport model which will accurately represent both the current as well as future transportation system.  Geometric Design Geometric design deals with physical proportioning of other transportation facilities, in contrast with the structural design of the facilities. The topics include the cross- sectional features, horizontal alignment, vertical alignment and intersections. Pavement Analysis and Design Pavement design deals with the structural design of roads, both (bituminous and concrete), commonly known as (flexible pavements and rigid pavements) respectively. It deals with the design of paving materials, determination of the layer thickness, and construction and maintenance procedures. The design mainly covers structural aspects, functional aspects, drainage. Structural design ensures the pavement has enough strength to withstand the impact of loads, functional design emphasizes on the riding quality, and the drainage design protects the pavement from damage due to water infiltration. Pavement Analysis and Design Pavement design deals with the structural design of roads, both (bituminous and concrete), commonly known as (flexible pavements and rigid pavements) respectively. It deals with the design of paving materials, determination of the layer thickness, and construction and maintenance procedures. The design mainly covers structural aspects, functional aspects, drainage. Structural design ensures the pavement has enough strength to withstand the impact of loads, functional design emphasizes on the riding quality, and the drainage design protects the pavement from damage due to water infiltration.  Traffic Engineering Traffic engineering covers a broad range of engineering applications with a focus on the safety of the public, the efficient use of transportation resources, and the mobility of people and goods. Traffic engineering involves a variety of engineering and management skills, includingdesign, operation, and system optimization.  Other important disciplines 1. Public transportation 2. Financial and economic analysis 3. Environmental impact assessment 4. Accident analysis and reduction 5. Intelligent transport system Factors in Transportation Development 1. Economic Factors 2. Geographical Factors 3. Poliical Policies 4. Military 5. Technological Factor 6. Competition 7. Urbanization Roles of Transportation in the Society 1. Economic role of transportation 2. Social role of transportation 3. Environmental role of transportation 4. Urbanization Environmental effects of transportation 1. safety 2. air pollution 3. noise pollution 4. energy consumption 5.  Can you think of other transportation impacts that directly or indirectly affects the society. Modes of Transportation 1. road transportation 2. rail transportation 3. pipelines 4. maritime transportation 5. air transportation 6. intermodal transportation  Road transportation Road infrastructures are large consumers of space with the lowest level of physical constraints among transportation modes. Road transportation has an average operational flexibility as vehicles can serve several purposes but are rarely able to move outside roads. Road transport systems have high maintenance costs, both for the vehicles and infrastructures. They are mainly linked to light industries where rapid movements of freight in small batches are the norm. Yet, with containerization, road transportation has become a crucial link in freight distribution.  Rail transportation Railways are composed of traced paths on which are bound vehicles. They have an average level of physical constrains linked to the types of locomotives and a low gradient is required, particularly for freight.  Pipelines Pipeline routes are practically unlimited as they can be laid on land or under water. The longest gas pipeline links Alberta to Sarnia (Canada), which is 2,911 km in length. The longest oil pipeline is the Transiberian, extending over 9,344 km from the Russian arctic oilfields in eastern Siberia to Western Europe. Maritime transportation Because of the physical properties of water conferring buoyancy and limited friction, maritime transportation is the most effective mode to move large quantities of cargo over long distances. More than any other mode, maritime transportation is linked to heavy industries, such as steel and petrochemical facilities adjacent to port sites.  Air transportation Air transport constraints are multidimensional and include the site (a commercial plane needs about 3,300 metersof runway for landing and takeoff), the climate,fog and aerial currents. Air activities are linked to the tertiaryand quaternary sectors, notably finance and tourism, which lean on the long- distance mobility of people. More recently, air transportation has been accommodating growing quantities of high value freight and is playing a growing role in global logistics. Intermodal transportation Intermodal transportation is defined as a method or system where multiple modes of transportation are used to transport passengers as well as freight. This can be through trucks, railways, ships, and aircraft via land, water or air.  References: image sources: www.jotscroll.com www.transportgeography.org www.slideshare.net www.symbols.com www.sciencedirect.com 1. Mannering Fred, Washburn Scott, Kilaresky Walter. 2004. Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis. Muze. Inc. 2. Garber, Nicholas, & Hoel Lester. 2001. Highway and Traffic Engineering Brookes/Cole Publishing. 3. Ortuzar, J.D. & Willumsen, L.G. 2011. Modelling Transport. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.