Introduction to the Cardiovascular System PDF

Introduction to the Human Cardiovascular System Dr. Noelle Orata Department of Human Pathology Mount Kenya University  INTRODUCTION  The cardiovascular system is transport system of body  It comprises blood, heart...

Introduction to the Human Cardiovascular System Dr. Noelle Orata Department of Human Pathology Mount Kenya University  INTRODUCTION  The cardiovascular system is transport system of body  It comprises blood, heart and blood vessels.  The system supplies nutrients to and remove waste products from various tissue of body.  The conveying media Figure 1-2(f)  FUNCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Transport nutrients, hormones Remove waste products Gaseous exchange Immunity  Blood vessels transport blood ◦ Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide ◦ Also carries nutrients and wastes Heart pumps blood through  COMPONENTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM BLOOD HEART BLOOD VESSELS  BLOOD The Blood: Blood cells & Plasma Blood cells 1- Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells 2- Leucocytes 3- Thrombocytes Plasma is fluid portion  HEART Heart is a four chambered, hollow muscular organ approximately the size of your fist Location: – Superior surface of diaphragm – Left of the midline – Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 6  HEART Figure 18.1 Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 7  FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART Generating blood pressure Routing blood Heart separates pulmonary and systemic circulations Ensuring one-way blood flow Heart valves ensure one-way flow Regulating blood supply Changes in contraction rate  BLOOD VESSELS Blood Vessels -A closed network of tubes These includes:  Arteries  Capillaries  Veins  BLOOD VESSELS -Arteries(Distributing channel) Thick walled tubes Elastic Fibers Circular Smooth Muscle –Capillaries (microscopic vessels) One cell thick Serves the Respiratory System –Veins (draining channel)  BLOOD VESSELS General structure 1.Tunica intima 2.Tunica media 3.Tunica adventitia CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSELS Conducting Vessels Distributing Vessels Resistance Vessels Exchange Vessels Capacitance / Reservoir Vessels  ARTERIES  Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries.  They are the thickest blood vessels and they carry blood high in oxygen known as oxygenated blood (oxygen  ARTERIES Accompanied by vein and nerves Lumen is small No valves Repeated branching  CLASSIFICATION OF ARTEIES Elastic- e.g. (Aorta & its Major branches) Muscular -e.g.(Renal, Testicular, Radial, Tibial etc.) Arterioles (