Cardiovascular System PDF

 Anatomy of Cardiovascular system Assist. Prof/ Mai Hassan Blood circulation The heart pumps out the blood, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissue. It turns back again through the small veins then large veins, then to the heart again.  The heart is about the s...

 Anatomy of Cardiovascular system Assist. Prof/ Mai Hassan Blood circulation The heart pumps out the blood, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissue. It turns back again through the small veins then large veins, then to the heart again.  The heart is about the size of a closed fist. The heart is a cone-shaped, hollow, muscular organ, having the base above and the apex below. The apex inclines towards the left side. The adult heart weighs about 300 g The heart lies in the thorax, between the lungs and behind the sternum, and directed more to the left than the right side. A point marked in the left 5th intercostal space 9 cm from the mid-line, gives the position of the apex of the heart.  The heart is made up of four chambers ,two upper chambers known as the left atrium & right atrium and two lower chambers called the left & right ventricles. The atria and ventricles of each side communicate with one another by means of the atrioventricular openings, which are guarded by valves On the right side by the tricuspid valve and on the left the mitral valve. The atrioventricular valves permit the passage of blood in one direction only, i.e. from atrium to ventricle; and they prevent the blood flowing backwards from ventricle to atrium. BLOOD VESSELS ATTACHED TO THE HEART. The superior and inferior vena cava empty their blood into the right atrium. The pulmonary artery carries blood away from the right ventricle and four pulmonary veins bring blood from the lungs to the left atrium. The aorta carries blood away from the left ventricle. The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta is called the aortic valve and prevents blood flowing backwards from the aorta to the left ventricle. The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is called the pulmonary valve and prevents blood flowing backwards from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle. Circulatory routes Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation  The pulmonary circulation: This circuit carries Non- oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the heart.(1. Right ventricle sends deoxygenated blood (oxygen-poor blood) to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk (the main pulmonary artery). 2. Blood pick up oxygen in the lungs. 3. Pulmonary veins carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart’s left atrium. Systemic circulation  The systemic circulation: In this circuit, oxygenated blood and nutrients travel from the heart to the rest of the body. In the veins, the blood becomes non oxygenated and carries waste products as the body uses up the oxygen and nutrients. (1.The left atrium sends the oxygenated blood into the left ventricle , this muscular part of the heart pumps blood out to the body through the Aorta. 2. As it moves through body and organs, blood collects waste products. 3. Deoxygenated blood was carried back to the heart’s right atrium through superior and inferior vena.  Blood Vessels ‫األوعية الدموية‬ -Blood moves inside a closed system (circle). -The heart pumps out the blood, through the arteries , to the capillaries in the tissue. It turns back again through the small then large veins, to the heart. This is blood circulation. -The blood vessels are arteries ,veins and capillaries  Artery VEIN 1- The artery is a blood vessel 1- The vein is a blood vessel which carries the which carries the blood away blood from all parts of the body To the from the heart to the parts of the heart. body 2- Veins arise peripherally by 2-They branch and re-branch in a tree-like manner convergence of tributaries in a river-like manner 3-arterial wall is thick 3-Venous wall is thinner 4-arterial lumen is small 4-Venous lumen is larger  Pattern of distribution River like in vein Tree like in artery  ARTERY VEIN 5-All arteries carry 5-All veins carry non oxygenated blood, except the oxygenated blood, except the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins and umbilical artery which carry umbilical vein which carry Non oxygenated blood oxygenated blood  ARTERY VEIN 6- All arteries are without 6-All veins are with valves valves  ARTERY Vein 7-Bleeding from an injured artery is bright red in colour 7-Bleeding from an injured vein and projectile due to the is dark red in colour and is higher blood pressure in the in a continuous stream. arteries. 8-Veins do not pulsate 8-The arteries have arterial pulsations which follow the heart beats  ARTERY VEIN 9-Generally, arteries follow a 9- two types of veins deeper course to avoid external superficial & deep injuries  Arteries vs Veins Artery Vein Wall Thick wall Thin wall Lumen Narrow lumen Wide lumen Pressure High pressure Low pressure Pulsations Pulsatile Non pulsatile Carried blood Oxygenated blood Non oxygenated blood Except pulmonary, Except pulmonary arteries. veins. Valves No valves Valves Bleeding with injury Projectile bleeding Continous bleeding Pattern of distribution Tree like River like Thank you