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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?
What is the primary function of the heart?
What is the primary function of the heart?
Which of the following blood vessels are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart?
Which of the following blood vessels are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart?
What is the role of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?
What is the role of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the blood?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the blood?
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What is the function of valves in the heart?
What is the function of valves in the heart?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of veins?
Which of the following is a characteristic of veins?
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Which layer of the blood vessel wall is responsible for regulating blood flow?
Which layer of the blood vessel wall is responsible for regulating blood flow?
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Study Notes
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System
- The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting substances throughout the body.
- It comprises blood, heart, and blood vessels.
- The cardiovascular system delivers nutrients and removes waste products from tissues throughout the body.
- The conveying medium is liquid.
Function of the Cardiovascular System
- Transports nutrients and hormones.
- Removes waste products.
- Enables gaseous exchange.
- Supports the immune system.
- Blood vessels carry blood, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste.
- The heart pumps blood throughout the blood vessels.
Components of the Cardiovascular System
- Blood
- Heart
- Blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins)
Blood
- Blood consists of blood cells and plasma.
- Blood cells include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets).
- Plasma is the fluid portion of blood.
Heart
- The heart is a four-chambered, hollow, muscular organ, roughly the size of a fist.
- Located superior to the diaphragm, left of midline, and anterior to the vertebral column.
Blood Vessels
- Arteries: thick-walled tubes with elastic fibers and smooth muscles, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
- Capillaries: microscopic vessels, one cell thick, enabling nutrient and gas exchange.
- Veins: thinner walled than arteries, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Classification of Arteries
- Elastic arteries (e.g., aorta, common carotid arteries, subclavian arteries).
- Muscular arteries (e.g., renal, testicular, radial, and tibial arteries).
- Arterioles (smaller than 0.1 mm)
Capillaries
- The smallest blood vessels connecting arteries and veins, crucial for nutrient and gas exchange.
- Types: continuous (skin, lungs, muscle, and connective tissue) , fenestrated (pancreas, endocrine glands, small intestine, and choroid plexus), sinusoids (liver, spleen, bone marrow)
Veins
- Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
- One-way valves prevent backflow.
Anastomosis
- Communication between vessels.
- Arterial: Actual (end-to-end or convergent) (e.g., palmar, plantar arches, circle of Willis, labial, intestinal arcade); potential (e.g., arteriovenous anastomosis)
- Arteriovenous: Blood flow between arteries and veins.
End Arteries
- Do not have anastomoses. If blocked, the tissue beyond is deprived of blood supply. (e.g., arteries of retina, spleen, kidney, metaphyses of long bones)
Circulation
- Coronary circulation: flow of blood within the heart
- Pulmonary circulation: flow of blood between the heart and lungs
- Systemic circulation: flow of blood between the heart and body cells
Portal Circulation
- Flow of blood between two capillary beds before draining into a systemic vein
Fetal Circulation
- Unique circulatory adaptations to support fetal development.
Applied
- Cardiovascular diseases and disorders (e.g., hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, aneurysms, coronary artery disease, heart attack, congestive heart failure, anemia)
- Problems affecting both children and adults.
Questions
- Question 1: The correct answer for which of following are examples of elastic arteries is Aorta
- Question 2: Correct answer for examples of end arteries: Central artery of retina, Central branches of cerebral arteries, Splenic artery
- Question 3: Correct answer for what are the location of arteriovenous anastomosis : Skin of lips, Erectile tissue of penis, Thyroid gland
- Question 4: Correct answer for which are examples of portal blood: Hepatic circulation, Circulation of hypophysis cerebri
- Question 5: Which are not features of veins? Thin walls, Thin tunica media, Thin tunica adventitia
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Description
Explore the crucial components and functions of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood, and blood vessels. This quiz covers the system's role in transporting nutrients and waste, as well as its overall significance in maintaining bodily functions.
