First Aid - Chapter 1 PDF

First Aid Chapter 1 Presented by: Ms. Fatima Farhat 1 1  Outline 1. Introduction 2. Definition of First Aid 3. Objectives of First Aid 4. First Aid Provider 5. Characteristics of First Aid Provider 6. Safety & protection...

First Aid Chapter 1 Presented by: Ms. Fatima Farhat 1 1  Outline 1. Introduction 2. Definition of First Aid 3. Objectives of First Aid 4. First Aid Provider 5. Characteristics of First Aid Provider 6. Safety & protection 2  INTRODUCTION First aid can be anything from putting on a plaster to saving someone’s life You don’t need formal first aid training to help someone in need It consists of life-saving techniques that are performed with minimal equipment Might be needed anywhere at anytime, and without warning. 3  OBJECTIVE FROM COURSE To ensure you leave here with an awareness of the basics of First Aid and improved confidence to help if someone is in need of assistance. 4  REMEMBER ! The first few minutes after injury or sudden illness are critical Any delay in treatment can cost a life. Accurate identification of an injury or illness help to determine proper method of first aid treatment. 5  DEFINITION First aid is the initial care given to an injured person. First aid is the initial care given to an injured person.. It must start immediately when the injury or illness occurs and continue until medical help arrives or the casualty recovers.. 6  WHAT IS A MEDICAL AID It’s a treat by a Doctor, Nurse, or ambulance staff. 7  AIM OF FIRST AID 3 PS : Preserve life Prevent worsening/ deterioration of medical condition Promote recovery Help ensure safe transportation to nearest health care facility 8  1- PRESERVE LIFE Make sure that the casualty has a clear airway and all major life threatening injuries have been treated Maintain good ABC 9  2- PREVENT WORSENING Ensure that all danger have been avoided and that the casualty dose not suffer from further injury due to unnecessary movement. Don’t move casualty unless there’s oblivious danger 10  3- PROMOTE RECOVERY Treat injury in the correct order (4Bs) and ensure that the casualty is comfortable and protected from extreme elements of weather. 4Bs priority B= Breathing B= Bleeding B= Burn B= Bone broken 11  FIRST AIDER Highly trained Tested regularly to maintain standards If you're present at the scene of an accident, or during a medical emergency, you will be the First Aider First Aiders are the first (trained) people on an emergency scene who can initiate life-saving 12  FIRST AID PROVIDER CHARACTERISTICS Communication.... Empathy.... Fitness.... Initiative.... Positivity.... Selfless.... Vigilance. 13  CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AID PROVIDER G–R–O–T–E–R 1.GENTLE – should not cause pain. 2.RESOURCEFUL – should make the best use of things at hand. 3.OBSERVANT – should notice all signs. 4.TACTFUL – should not alarm the victim. 5.EMPATHETIC – should be comforting. 6.RESPECTABLE – should maintain a professional & caring attitude 14  RESPONSIBILITY OF FIRST AIDER Assess the situation is safe for you ! Identify the condition of the casualty/ what he is suffering from. Give immediate and appropriate treatment. 15  ROLE OF FIRST AIDER Protect from danger Identify the illness or injury Decide on priority of care Ensure dignity on patient Transportation as appropriate Good communication to the patient Good documentation 16  ROLE OF FIRST AIDER First aider should consider two types of danger Environmental: chemicals, broken glass, cars Human danger: risk of infection, blood and body fluids contamination 17  PRIORITY OF CAUSALITY Save the conscious before the unconscious because of higher chance of recovery Save the young before the old In the event of immediate danger, get out of side immediately Remember your aim is to preserve life not endanger your own life in the process of rendering first aid. 18  PRIORITIES DURING FIRST AID D Danger R Response A Airway B Breathing C Circulation 19  DANGER Take safety first: Assess the situation: are there any danger for yourself If yes either remove the danger or take the causality or don’t perform first aid 20  RESPONSE assess the person for responsiveness: If he/she respond to your voice and being gently shake the victim Shake shoulder gently 21  AIRWAY Check the open airway; place one hand on the forehead tilt the head back and lift the chin 22  BREATHING Look listen and feel the breath Look for chest movement Do this for 10 second If ok assess for the injury 23  CIRCULATION Look for blood pumping or pouring out of wound Control it with direct pressure 24  QUALITY OF FIRST AID Calm Confident Willing to offer assistance when in need Patience 25  UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION  Actions that prevent spread of disease by treating all blood as if it were contaminated: Wear protective gloves. Use a face mask or shield Cover open wounds on your body. Avoid touching objects that have had contact with victim’s blood. Wash hands thoroughly after giving first aid. 26  STEPS TO TAKE FOR MOST EMERGENCIES Recognize the signs. Decide to act. Call for help. Provide care until help arrives. 27 FIRST AID KIT 28  FIRST AID KIT CONTENT A first aid kit is a toolbox consisting of essential items that can help during a medical emergency. In order to respond to an emergency accurately, a first aid kit is very important. Gloves Eye protection Tourniquet Elastic bandage Medical tape Scissors Roller gauze 29  BEFORE YOU PROVIDE FIRST AID If patient alert ask him for help if he agree start, if refused call for help and stay with him until ambulance arrived. 30 5 B’S FOR PRIORITIZING INCIDENT Breathing Bleeding Burns Bones Bites 31  DIFFERENT COMMON INJURY Broken, dislocated bone Cuts Burns Shock Heart attack Head & neck injury Choking Hypothermia Unconscious 32  RESCUER A Rescuer is a person who rescues something from harm or danger. They are trained in technical rescue, diver rescue, mountain rescue, extrication rescue, or/and advance technical firefighting. 33  AMBULANCE Name come from the Latin word ambulare, meaning to walk about. Australia Medical Bureau Under Law And National Corresponding Emergencies. 34  AMBULANCE is a medically equipped vehicle which transports patients to treatment facilities, such as hospitals. Typically, out-of-hospital medical care is provided to the patient during the transport. Ambulances are used to respond to medical emergencies by emergency medical services (EMS). 35  ACCIDENT An accident, is : an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance. an unfortunate event resulting especially from carelessness or ignorance. 36  IMPORTANT OF EDUCATION TO AVOID ACCIDENT Fire Safety Electrical Safety Heating and Cooking Safety with Medicines and Cleaners Wear a helmet Get a motorcycle license Get professional training Don't drink and ride Prevention of Industrial Accidents 37 38