Introduction to Topographic Anatomy PDF

# Introduction to topographic anatomy ## Plan of the lesson * Introduction * Terminology of the topographic anatomy * Methods of Research in topographic anatomy * Different forms of body builds ## Introduction * Topographic anatomy is the main foundation of the operative surgery. * The subject...

# Introduction to topographic anatomy ## Plan of the lesson * Introduction * Terminology of the topographic anatomy * Methods of Research in topographic anatomy * Different forms of body builds ## Introduction * Topographic anatomy is the main foundation of the operative surgery. * The subject is an applied science for clinical and surgical studies of the disposition of the organs, tissues in different regions and layers of the human body. * It provides the main concepts of the interrelationship between the adjacent organs, skeleton and body parts. * It is also the basic for the diagnosis and treatment of many somatic diseases. ## Terminology of the topographic anatomy * Holotopy - Projection of the organs and anatomical formations (structures) on the surface of they body and corresponding region. * Syntopy - Interrelations of the anatomical formations with one another. * Skeletopy - Interrelations of the anatomical formations with the skeleton. ## Methods of research in topographic anatomy ### On live subjects: * Anthropometry * X-ray diagnostic * Computed tomography (CT) * Angiography * Scintigraphy * Thermography. * Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ### On cadavers: * Dissection * Sawing of frozen corpses * Sculpture * Injection * Corrosion * Histological methods * Electron microscopy. * Experimental methods. ## Different forms of body builds * Shevkunenko distinguished two extreme forms of body builds and some transitional forms. * The 2 main forms are brachymorphic and dolichomorphic builds. * Transitional form or average form is mesomorphic build. ## Brachymorphic build * Brachymorphic build - High position of the diaphragm, transverse position of the heart, oblique position of the stomach, a wide extraperitoneal field of the liver and high position of the caecum. ## Dolichomorphic build * Dolichomorphic build - Low position of the diaphragm, vertical position of the heart, low horizontal position of the stomach, narrow extraperitoneal field of the liver and low position of the caecum.