Introduction to Topographic Anatomy

Introduction to Topographic Anatomy

• Topographic anatomy is the foundation for surgical procedures.
• It's an applied science for studying the arrangement of organs and tissues in different body regions.
• It details the interrelationships between adjacent organs, the skeleton, and body parts.
• It's essential for diagnosing and treating many somatic diseases.

Plan of the Lesson

• The lesson covers introduction to the subject.
• It includes terminology for topographic anatomy.
• Methods of research will be discussed.
• Different body builds will be examined.

Terminology of Topographic Anatomy

• Holotopy: The projection of organs and structures onto the body surface, relating them to specific regions.
• Syntopy: The interrelationship between different anatomical structures.
• Skeletopy: The interrelation of anatomical structures with the skeleton.

Methods of Research in Topographic Anatomy

On Live Subjects

• Anthropometry: Measurement of body dimensions.
• X-ray Diagnostic: Visualizing internal structures.
• Computed Tomography (CT): Cross-sectional imaging.
• Angiography: Imaging blood vessels.
• Scintigraphy: Imaging using radioactive tracers.
• Thermography: Imaging of heat.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Imaging using magnetic fields.

On Cadavers

• Dissection: Careful cutting and separation of tissues.
• Sawing of frozen corpses: Preparing specimens for study.
• Sculpture: Creating 3D models of anatomical structures.
• Injection: Filling structures with substances for better visualization.
• Corrosion: Dissolving surrounding tissues to better view the target structure.
• Histological Methods: Examining tissue structure at a microscopic level.
• Electron Microscopy: Detailed examination of cell structures at an extremely high magnification.
• Experimental Methods: Tests and studies performed with specimens.

Different Forms of Body Builds

• Shevkunenko identified different body builds.
• Common forms include brachymorphic, dolichomorphic, and mesomorphic (transitional).

Brachymorphic Build

• Characterized by a high diaphragm, a transverse heart position, oblique stomach positioning, a wide extraperitoneal liver area, and a high cecum position.

Dolichomorphic Build

• Characterized by a low diaphragm, vertical heart position, a low horizontal stomach position, a narrow extraperitoneal liver area, and a correspondingly low cecum position.

This quiz explores the foundational concepts of topographic anatomy, essential for surgical procedures. It covers terminology such as holotopy, syntopy, and skeletopy, as well as research methods used in the study of anatomical structures. Understanding these concepts is crucial for diagnosing and treating various somatic diseases.