Introduction to Print & Electronic Journalism PDF

Introduction to Print & Electronic Journalism Early School Journalism  Before 1900-the principle was that “where there is a student body (school) there is a need for a news organ”.  School publication was just a dotted account with little significance other than the birth of the schoo...

Introduction to Print & Electronic Journalism Early School Journalism  Before 1900-the principle was that “where there is a student body (school) there is a need for a news organ”.  School publication was just a dotted account with little significance other than the birth of the school publication.  1920-literary essay had given way to the feature story. 1920-poetry abdicated its position to the columns, news story suggested interpretation, and editorial entered the paper. Four Distinct Types of Publication emerged:  Newspapers  The annual-now called yearbook  Magazine  Handbook  Definition of Journalism  “literature in a hurry” –Jose A. Quirino “ Something that embraces all forms in which and through which the news and comments on the news reach the public. All that happens in the world, if such happenings hold interest for the public, and all the thought, actions, and ideas which these happenings stimulate become the materials for the journalist.”-F. Fraser Bond Functions of Journalism 1. Inform the public through the news coverage 2.Influence and mold the public opinion 3. Amuse or entertain the public 4. Serve and promote community welfare as a whole  Scope of Journalism Journalism covers three channels or areas of mass communication: 1. Audio (radio) 2. Audio-visual (tv) 3. Print (news paper) Print Journalism  Newspapers reached a theoretical height of excellence in the early 1970s – never before had a president of the United States resigned in scandal, and the investigation was conducted almost entirely by newspaper journalists. However, the velocity of news would increase dramatically with the development of new mediums including cable news and the internet, and newspapers faced increasingly stiff competition in their basic business.  Print Vs. Electronic Journalism For centuries we have been familiar with traditional journalism in Egypt and the Arab world. The print press has developed from a two-page tabloid into full fledged dailies like Al Ahram, Al Akhabar, Al Gomhoria, as well as several weekly magazines like Moswar, Akher Saa, October, Hawa and others.  Print Vs. Electronic Journalism  Ifyou have a look at any newspaper, national or international, you will find out that after years of development, the division of all dailies worldwide is identical:  Print Vs. Electronic Journalism  The front page is devoted to political highlights  The local news follow  Then comes international news.  Business pages are placed after.  Culture follows  Then the sports page  There could be a section for light features published on the last page.  What happened when digital journalism started to operate?  Many people have the impression that print journalism has been badly affected as the digital system began to operate. This was true in a way because a lot of people started to use the easier medium of the Internet. But this wouldn’t have been possible, hadn’t all print journalism turned digital.  What happened when digital journalism started to operate?  Initially, the Internet would have been poor without the reading material provided by paper journalism.  At first, the Internet had just launched and investors needed time to establish fully reliable online publications, so the only option was to have a digital copy of print journalism.  What was the way out?  The way out was that the print dailies and magazines were to set up their own websites on the Internet. With the close of the last century the Internet focused on websites that provided a fountainhead of information from a bevy of sources including research centers, writers, companies and others.  The international and foreign print papers have started to go online earlier than the Arab press  Why the Arab print journalism lagged behind?  There was a kind of concern that sales of paper copies would be affected, which happened earlier than it was expected because readers turned to other sources of Arab news like the agencies and starting news websites that cited the main newspapers.  Most newspapers were initially deterred by the cost of turning online, for a big budget was required to set up a news website that followed international standards.  Why the Arab print journalism lagged behind?  Featuresmagazines refused to go online since many people continued to prefer the color and glossy paper copies.  Things continued that way for a little while until all traditional print publications were forced to put ALL their content online  DIGITAL JOURNALISM BEGAN TO TAKE SHAPE  Digitaljournalism began to attract advertisers and print journalism’s share of ads was so badly hit. With the Internet techniques ads could easily spread to any part of the cyber space, but still many didn’t boycott traditional advertising.  DIGITAL JOURNALISM BEGAN TO TAKE SHAPE  Content-wise, the Internet made up a challenge for print press with a different type of content including social networking websites like Facebook and Twitter that attracted the majority of people, especially the younger generations. Those were preceded by others like Yahoo that offered facilities like chat, emailing, photos and video uploads. There were other facilities like blogs and writers’ own private websites. Also many rivaling newspapers and magazines began to be established exclusively online, leaving behind the costlier option of paper journalism.  DIGITAL JOURNALISM BEGAN TO TAKE SHAPE  Many private newspapers like Al Masry El Youm, Al Youm Sabaa, Veto and others began to go both in print and online. But many of the newspapers’ websites have made use of multimedia facilities like videos, audios, and multi-photo uploads to enhance their features and news items.