History of Campus Journalism PDF

Historia (Inquiry Narrative Account) Campus journalism in the Philippines began in 1890 with the publication of "El Liliputiense" by the UST. 1910-Oscar Manalo, Narciso Matienzo, and Virgilio Monteloyola argued that it began in the publication of the " The College Folio" (a.k.a....

Historia (Inquiry Narrative Account) Campus journalism in the Philippines began in 1890 with the publication of "El Liliputiense" by the UST. 1910-Oscar Manalo, Narciso Matienzo, and Virgilio Monteloyola argued that it began in the publication of the " The College Folio" (a.k.a. The Philippine Collegian) by the UP. 1912 ○ Publication of Philippine Normal University “The Torch" ○ Ateneo de Manila "The Guidon" ○ UST "The Varsitarian" ○ Araullo High School's "The Coconut" which is considered the first and oldest newspaper in the country. 1923-The first printed and regularly issued high school newspaper in the country, La Union High School's "The La UnionTab", was published. 1925- Publication of Pampanga High School's "The Pampangan" and Leyte High School's “The Leytean”. 1925- Publication of Rizal High School's “The Rizalian 1927- Publication of Tayabas High School's "The Coconut" and Batangas High School's "The Volcano 1928-The Toil- La Union Trade School 1928- The Samarinian- Samar High School As regards its etymology, JOURNALISM comes from the Latin word, DIURNAL, which means daily. NEWS - NEUE (Middle English) which could be used as an adjective like Modern English "NEW" but also could be used as a noun meaning "New Thing.” Scope and Nature of Journalism Huge as it is, journalism is everywhere, just as media takes an integral part in our lives JOURNALISM is one of the most prestigious careers one can The tools of communication and technology are television, printed media, and radio. The internet is a more recent addition to this list. Mass Media - Television - Video - Radio - Internet - Newspaper. - Social Media - Magazine - Digital Media Many students are getting attracted to this field nowadays because a career in journalism can be challenging as well as highly rewarding Primarily, Journalism concern is with the collection and dissemination of news through the print media as well as the electronic media. This involves various areas of work like reporting, writing, editing, photographing, broadcasting, or cable casting news items. It covers the printed media that comes in the form of broadsheets, tabloids, newsletters, and magazines. Newspapers are the oldest and most traditional format for the inclusion of journalism. They are regularly scheduled publications containing news of current events, informative articles, diverse features, and advertising. Newspapers originally started life as 'journals', from which the word 'journalism' is derived. During the 19th century, American journalists relied on sensational stories that were used to excite or anger the public, rather than to inform them. This form of journalism became known as 'yellow' journalism. Accurate and fact-based reporting became popular again around the time of World War II when the restrained style of writing gained a resurgence. Newspapers played a large role in the development of freedom of expression. Inside sources with the ability to 'leak' stories to the press often choose newspapers first over any other medium due to the perceived willingness of their editors to expose corruption and lies among otherwise respected institutions. MAGAZINES - Magazines, on the other hand, are publications containing a variety of articles that are generally published on a regular schedule, whether it be weekly, monthly, or quarterly. They usually take a much more relaxed format than newspapers, with a more informal style to their writing. They are also usually focused on a particular subject or area of interest, whereas newspaper articles can cover almost any topic. First published in 1731 in London, The Gentleman's Magazine is considered the first general-interest magazine. Its editor, Edward Cave (who wrote under the pseudonym ‘Sylvanus Urban'), was one of the very first to use the term 'magazine’ TELEVISION NEWS JOURNALISM - Television news journalism, including radio, is known as NEWS BROADCASTING and is produced locally in a newsroom or by a broadcast network. It sometimes also includes such additional material as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, commentary, and other material that the broadcaster considers relevant to the intended audience. Most major television channels offer regular news broadcasts throughout the day. INTERNET COMMUNICATIONS - Internet communications have excelled in the last decade or so of course, taking the way news is published with it. There are now an uncountable of reputable and not-so-reputable sources of information on the internet. Everything from digitized versions of the very newspapers that headed up the first print media movements hundreds of years ago, to independent bloggers reporting their own stories from the comfort of their own laptops JOURNALISM VS. LITERATURE All journalistic ventures are grounded on facts, on truth, and on actuality. Redundant as it may, FACTS are the foundation of all the ambits of journalism. LITERATURE JOURNALISM Jonas, a writer, he wishes to produce a story about Marla, on the other hand, also writes about ghosts. ghosts. He now starts imagining the appearance of the However, before she starts writing about them, she ghosts and creates a plot which includes the conflict, interviews persons who have allegedly seen them. the climax and the solution to the conflict. Jonas is The appearance of ghosts, including the persons' writing a literary piece. beliefs about them, is written into an entertaining way. Hence, the output is packed with facts. In this case, Jonas writes a literature, a short story while Marla does a feature story, a journalistic article. Jonas writes based on his imagination while Marla writes based on facts. Article 3 Section 4 of The 1987 Constitution - No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the Government for redress of grievances.” TENETS OF PRESS Going into the road of journalism entails not only knowledge but also responsibilities. Hence, their journalists are bound by strict guidelines. Journalists have rights, but they must bear on shoulders the duties to serve the interest of the public 1. Responsibility - Journalists should always be aware of their obligations to their readers to write the truth whatever it costs. For this reason, journalists must be brave enough to defend facts and the truth behind the news. In this sense, the journalists' main responsibility is to be the transmitter of veracity in any issue, and that they are liable not to the company but to the public. 2. Freedom of the Press - As a basic right, freedom of the press should be safeguarded by the people of the media. In this case, any topic under the sweltering heat of the sun may be written so long as there is no infraction to the existing laws of the land. 3. Independence - Putting forward the life of one or two persons by slashing the welfare of the general public is a clear violation of this tenet. It, therefore, means that the services of a journalist should be committed to the interest of the general public and not driven by the interest of money called "developmental journalism.” 4. Objectivity, Truthfulness and Accuracy - Checking the veracity of data and information before they are published is an example of being accurate and truthful. Since facts are the solid foundation of journalism, media men should not therefore conceal the truth by fabricating facts and by publishing misquoted statements and erroneous statistics - Objectivity, on the other hand, is simply avoiding conflicts of interest on the treatment of the articles and on the way arguments and news are written. - Partisan news and biased interviews violate the ideals of journalism; ergo, a journalist should know th difference between news and opinion. - Teel and Taylor (1983), as cited by Pangilinan (2012), suggested guidelines to attain a balanced story whenever journalists face controversial issues. a. Stick to the facts. b. Never insert your personal opinion. c. Be discreet in the use of adjectives. d. Avoid cheap shots. e. Somebody with something to say deserves a forum. f. Assess your alliances. Remember that you are an observer, not a participant. g. Listen to your editor 5. Fairness - The whole point in advocating objectivity is to be fair in presenting information in any journalistic field. Remember, the public will see the topic according to the way journalists present it; hence, reporters should exercise telling the truth and putting information in right. KINDS OF BALANCE REPORTING There are worthy concepts that novice journalists must be wary about. Concepts that kill balanced reporting must be avoided 1. Yellow Journalism - This is simply sensationalizing a story or an issue. It is a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers. Techniques may include exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism. Most showbiz stories are grounded on this type of journalism which appeals to the curiosity of the readers and viewers 2. New journalism - The new journalists expanded the definition of journalism and legitimate journalistic reporting and writing techniques. They also associated journalism with fiction when they described their work with phrases such as nonfiction novel" and "narrative techniques of fiction." In so doing, they ignited a debate over how much like a novel or short story a journalistic piece could be before it began violating journalism's commitment to truth and facts. This approach represents a return to the roots of social reporting which was used in Charles Dickens' fiction 3. Advocacy Journalism - This is a genre of journalism that, unlike propaganda, is fact-based but supports 'a specific point of view on an issue. Advocacy journalists are expected to focus on stories dealing with corporate business practices, government policies, political corruption and social issues. Arguably, advocacy journalists serve the public interest in a way similar with muckrakers or whistle-blowers. Most advocacy journalists reject the supposed objectivity of the mainstream press as a practical impossibility, and some others take the position that the economic censorship exerted by corporate sponsors is no different from political censorship. 4. Stylistic Journalism - It emphasizes imaginative, stylized writing of stories and considers newspapers as "the literature of immediate fact.” 5. Editorializing - This is giving the reporter's opinion rather than the facts. It may also mean the expanding of news about an insignificant happening to give publicity to a subject Function and Duties of the PRESS If you have fully made up your mind to go into the path of journalism and the media, you must be acquainted with your vast roles and primordial functions 1. The quality of the newspaper must be reflected in the editorial policy. It is more than just a business because it also reflects and influences the life of the whole academic community. 2. Newspapers must have integrity and readers' confidence. 3. Newspapers may educate, stimulate, assist, or entertain. It is therefore a moral responsibility to balance public interest and the gains. 4. The fundamental quality of the newspaper rests on the quality of the content and the kind of editorial product. It is responsible for the rise of the readers' educational level and the resurgence of an articulate, active young generation. 5. Freedom of the press encompasses the responsibility of the newspapers. Freedom of the press and responsibility are inseparable. Responsibility of the press means truth in the news truth tempered with mercy, decency, and humility. 6. The press must practice the principles of journalism without bias and self-interest. LIMITATIONS OF THE PRESS Pulitzer Prize-winning author David Broeder (USA Today, Aug. 12, 1987) as cited by Pangilinan (2012), averred that reports are flawed. Hence, reports are not that complete and may bear mistakes. The limitations of the press may be traced upon the timeframe within which an article should be submitted for The press, like fire, is an excellent servant, but a terrible master." - James Fenimore Cooper.