Anatomy and Physiology PDF

Anatomy and Physiology Maria Jonelyn N. Ramos, DMD  To cut apart, dissect , Systemic Anatomy separate Regional Anatomy Anatomy Surface Anatomy structure of the body...

Anatomy and Physiology Maria Jonelyn N. Ramos, DMD  To cut apart, dissect , Systemic Anatomy separate Regional Anatomy Anatomy Surface Anatomy structure of the body Anatomical part and its function Imaging Physiology Processes or functions of Human Physiology living things cellular physiology systemic physiology Functional Organization of the Human Body Characteristics of Life Organization Metabolism Responsiveness Growth Development Reproduction HOMEOSTASIS Homeostatic mechanisms (sweating, shivering) Organ systems help control the internal enviroment so that it remains relatively constant Disease disrupts homeostasis and sometimes, results to death Role of modern medicine Negative Feedback maintains variation within normal range receptor - Monitors the value of a variable control center - establishes the set point around which the variable is maintained effector - can change the value of the variable Positive Feedback when the value deviates from normal, the system’s response is to make the deviation even greater A basic principle to remember is that many disease states result from the failure of negative feedback mechanism to maintain homeostatis. the purpose of medical therapy is to overcome by aiding negative-feedback mechanisms. Terminology and the Body Plan Body Positions > anatomical position >supine >prone Directional terms Right and Left Superior, Inferior, Anterior, Posterior Ventral, Dorsal Proximal, Distal, Medial, Lateral Superficial, Deep Body Parts and Regions Subdivisions of the Abdomen Left Upper Quadrant Right Upper Quadrant Stomach Liver Spleen Gall bladder with biliary tree Left lobe of liver Duodenum Body of pancreas Head of pancreas Left kidney and adrenal gland Right kidney and adrenal gland Splenic flexure of colon Hepatic flexure of colon Parts of transverse and descending colon Right lower Quadrant Left lower Quadrant Cecum the descending colon and sigmoid colon Appendix the left ovary and fallopian tube Ascending colon the left ureter Right ovary and fallopian tube Right ureter Major organs in the 9 abdominal regions Umbilical: contains the duodenum, small intestine, and transverse Right hypochondriac: contains colon. the liver, gallbladder, right kidney, Left lumbar: includes parts of the and small and large intestines. descending colon, left kidney, and Epigastric: houses the duodenum, small intestine. liver, pancreas, and stomach. Right Iliac: houses parts of the Left hypochondriac: includes the appendix, ascending colon, cecum, left kidney, large and small and small intestine. intestines, pancreas, spleen, Hypogastric: contains the bladder, stomach, and the tip of the liver. sigmoid colon, reproductive organs, Right lumbar: consists of the and small intestine. ascending colon, right kidney, and Left Iliac region: includes the small intestine. descending colon, sigmoid colon, and small intestine. PLANES > SAGITTAL > MEDIAN > TRANSVERSE PLANE/ HORIZONTAL PLANE > FRONTAL / CORONAL >Longitudinal >Transverse >Oblique  BODY CAVITIES The trunk contains three large cavities: > Thoracic - diapraghm -mediastinum > Abdominal > Pelvic Serous Membranes lines the trunk cavities and cover the organs of these cavities visceral serous membranes Parietal serous membranes thoracic cavity: pericardial cavity and two pleural cavities pleural cavity-surrounds each lung abdominopelvic cavity - peritoneal cavity