Digestive System L2 Intro PDF

Renal artery ‫ شريان‬Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney. Figure1 ‫الكلية‬ Renal tubules Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration. Renal veins Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney. Figure1 Some of combining form in urinary system Co...

Renal artery ‫ شريان‬Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney. Figure1 ‫الكلية‬ Renal tubules Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration. Renal veins Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney. Figure1 Some of combining form in urinary system Combining Form Meaning Example Ureter(o) Ureter ‫الحالب‬ Ureterostenosis (narrowing of a ureter) Urethr(o) Urethra Urethrorrhea (abnormal discharge from the urethra) Uria Of urine Anuria (lack of urine formation). Vesic(o) Bladder ‫المثانة‬ Vesicoabdominal (relating to the urinary bladder and abdominal wall). Cyst(o) Bladder Cystitis (bladder inflammation). Glomerul(o) Glomerulus Glomerulitis (inflammation of the glomerulus ‫الكبة‬ Nephr(o) Kidney Nephritis (kidney inflammation). Ren(o) Kidney Renomegaly (enlargement of kidney). Ur(o), urin(o) Urine Uremia (excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in blood). Digestive System: Consists of: ✓ Oral cavity ‫الفم‬ ✓ Pharynx ‫البلعوم‬ ✓ Esophagus‫المرئ‬ ✓ Stomach‫المعدة‬ ✓ Liver ‫الكبد‬ ✓ pancreas‫البنكرياس‬ ✓ gallbladder ‫المرارة‬ ✓ Small intestine & Large intestine ‫األمعاء الغليظة والدقيقه‬ ❖ Performs four main functions: ✓ Ingestion‫البلع‬. ✓ Digestion ‫الهضم‬. ✓ Absorption.‫ ✓ االمتصاص‬Elimination ‫اخراجها من الجسم‬ Digestive System-Terms Term: Definition: Amino Small building blocks of proteins; released when proteins are digested. Figure4 acids ‫احماض‬ ‫امينية‬ Amylase Enzyme secreted by pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch. Figure4 ‫انزيم يفرزه‬ ‫البنكرياس والغدد اللعابية لهضم النشا‬ Absorption Passage of materials through walls of the small intestine into bloodstream. ) ‫عملية االمتصاص(مرور المواد خالل جدران األمعاء الدقيقة باتجاه الدم‬ Bile ‫العصارة‬ Yellowish-brown to greenish fluid secreted by liver and stored in gallbladder; aids in ‫الصفراوية‬ fat digestion. Figure5‫سائل اصفر مائل الى اللون البني يفرز من الكبد ويخزن في المرارة وله دور في هضم الدهون‬ Bilirubin Pigment contained in bile. ‫الصبغة الموجودة في العصارة الصفراوية‬  Appendix Blind pouch hanging from the cecum. Figure6 ‫الزائدة الدودية‬ bowel Intestine.‫االمعاء‬ colon Large Intestine. Figure5 ‫األمعاء الغليظة‬ Small Long tube that continues process of digestion (place where most absorption takes intestine place). Figure5 ‫األمعاء الدقيقة‬ stomach Large sac between esophagus and small intestine (place where food is broken down). Figure5 ‫المعدة‬ Digestion Breakdown of complex foods to simpler form. ‫الهضم‬ Gallbladder Small sac under the liver; stores bile. Figure5‫المرارة‬ Glucose Simple sugar. Figure4 ‫سكر بسيط‬ Glycogen Starch; glucose is stored in form of glycogen in liver cells. Figure4‫سكر متعدد يخزن في الكبد‬ Hydrochloric Substance produced by stomach; necessary for digestion of food acid ‫حمض موجود في المعدة‬ Chyme Semisolid mass of partially digested food and gastric juices that passes from stomach to small intestine. Figure5 ‫ما بداخل المعدة‬ Defecation Release of feces from anus. ‫عملية التبرز‬ Enzyme Protein that causes chemical changes in substances in digestive tract. Peristalsis Coordinated, rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle through the digestive tract. Figure6 ‫الحركة الدودية في األمعاء‬ Lipase Enzyme contained in pancreatic juice Liver‫كبد‬ Organ important in digestive and metabolic functions; secretes bile. Figure5 Mastication Chewing.‫مضغ‬ Large Passageway in intestinal tract (place where water reabsorption takes place). Figure5 intestine Pancreas Digestive organ that secretes digestive fluids. Figure5 Pepsin Digestive enzyme in gastric juice. ‫انزيم البيبسين‬ saliva ‫اللعاب‬ Fluid secreted by salivary glands; contains amylase Digestive System-Combining Forms: Combining Meaning Example Form Append(o), Appendix ‫زائدة‬ Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix( appendic(o) ‫التهاب الزائدة‬ Bil(o), bili Bile Biliverdin (green bile pigment). Chol(e), Bile Choleic (pertaining to bile). cholo Cholecyst(o) Gallbladder‫المرارة‬ Cholecystectomy: removal of gallbladder Col(o), Colon‫قولون‬ Colectomy (removal of all or part of colon colon(o) Enter(o) Intestine Enteropathy (intestinal disease) ‫األمعاء‬ Esophag(o) Esophagus‫المرئ‬ Esophagoscopy (examination of esophagus). Gastr(o) Stomach‫المعدة‬ Gastralgia (stomach ache). Glycogen(o) Glycogen‫الجاليكوجين‬ Glycogenolysis (degradation of glycogen). Hepat(o) Liver‫الكبد‬ Hepatitis (liver inflammation). Labi(o) Lips‫الشفتين‬ Labioplasty (surgical repair of lips). Lingu(o) Tongue‫لسان‬ Linguodental (pertaining to tongue & teeth Or(o) Mouth Orofacial (pertaining to mouth and face Pancreat(o) Pancreas Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas ‫البنكرياس‬ Sial(o) Saliva,salivary Sialism (excessive secretion of saliva) ‫لعاب‬ Stomat(o) Mouth Stomatitis (inflammation of lining of mouth Gloss(o) Tongue‫لسان‬ Glossopharyngeal (of tongue and pharynx Rect(o) Rectum ‫المستقيم‬ Rectoabdominal (of rectum and abdomen Periton(eo) Peritoneum ‫جدار‬ Peritonitis: inflammation of peritoneum ‫المعدة‬ Ile(o) Ileum Ileitis (inflammation of ileum). Jejun(o) Jejunum Jejunostomy (surgical opening to outside of body to Jejunum) Gluc(o) Glucose Glucogenesis (formation of glucose). Pharyng(o) Pharynx ‫البلعوم‬ Pharyngotonsillitis (inflammation of tonsils and pharynx) Reproductive System: ✓ Male reproductive System. ✓ Female reproductive system.