Intro cardio.pptx

‫بسم الله‬ ‫الرحمن الرحيم‬ Cardiovascular System (CVS) Abu Ahmed 2024 Objectives On completion of this course you should be able to:- 1. Describe the anatomical consideration of the heart. 2.A count the properties of cardiac muscle proper and compare it with othe...

‫بسم الله‬ ‫الرحمن الرحيم‬ Cardiovascular System (CVS) Abu Ahmed 2024 Objectives On completion of this course you should be able to:- 1. Describe the anatomical consideration of the heart. 2.A count the properties of cardiac muscle proper and compare it with other muscles. 3.Describe the structure and functions of the conductive system of the heart. 4.Understand the pressure, volume and flow changes that occur during the cardiac cycle. 5. Explain the basis of the heart sounds, and murmurs. 6. Describe the recoding of ECG, the waves of the ECG, and the relation ship of the ECG to the electrical axis of the heart. 7. Describe the ECG changes and changes in cardiac function produced by alterations in the ionic composition of the body. 8. Define cardiac out put (COP) , describe how the pumping action of the heart can be regulated and measurements of COP. 9. Understand the measurement of the blood pressure. 10. Explain the neural and hormonal mechanisms that control ABP. 11. Describe the different types of shock & Heart failure. Introducti on  CVS consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries). Functions of CVS: 1.Generate blood pressure. 2.Ensuring one way blood flow. 3.Regulation of blood supply. Arteriolar end Venular end Capillary The Cardiovascular System  The Heart is a muscular pump contains:-  1.four chamber:- Two atria(thin walled) Two ventricles(thick walled). 2.Four valves:- 2atrioventricular valves(AV valves):-Mitral (Left) and tricuspid valve (Right). 2 Semilunar valves:- Aortic valve in the aorta and pulmonary valve in the pulmonary trunk.  The circulatory system forms two circuits in series with each other:-  Systemic circulation (greater circulation).  Pulmonary circulation (lesser circulation). Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation Deoxygenated Body cells use blood enters the O2 and generate heart CO2 as a waste product Heart pumps Deoxygenated Heart pumps blood into oxygenated blood pulmonary into systemic circulation circulation Oxygenate d blood In lungs, blood enters the drops off CO2 heart and picks up The double pump  Cardiac Muscle The cardiac muscle contains two types of muscle fiber:-  Cardiac muscle proper.  Conductive system.  Properties of cardiac muscle proper 1. Anatomical Consideration  Cardiac muscle appears striated.  Consist of branching and interdigitating fibers.  Attached by intercalated discs that maintain cell to cell adhesion and Provide low-resistance for spread of excitation. Cardiac muscle cell Skeletal Cardiac muscle muscle 2.Functional synsytium cardiac muscle function as one unit. Stimulation of one cardiac muscle cell results in stimulation of all the cells.  Occurs due to presence of gap junctions and intercalated discs. 3. Excitability (irritability):- The ability of cardiac muscle to respond to adequate stimuli by generating an action potential. 4.Contractil ity The ability of cardiac muscle to convert chemical energy into mechanical work. 5. Metabolism  Almost all the energy needed, derived from aerobic metabolism.  There is no O dept mechanism 2 in cardiac muscle. 6. Calcium: Contraction depends on both extra and intracellular calcium. Increase ECF calcium increases contractility in cardiac muscle and may stop the heart in systole. Good Luck