Integumentary System Notes PDF

# Integumentary System: The Skin ## The Skin - **Epidermis:** outermost visible layer. Made of rangeeets, fewer cells and more thick fibers gives flexibility and strength. - **Dermis:** under the epidermis. Home to hair follicles, nerves and glands. - **Sweat glands (hidro):** release sweat t...

# Integumentary System: The Skin ## The Skin - **Epidermis:** outermost visible layer. Made of rangeeets, fewer cells and more thick fibers gives flexibility and strength. - **Dermis:** under the epidermis. Home to hair follicles, nerves and glands. - **Sweat glands (hidro):** release sweat to rid the body of waste and cool the body. - **Sebaceous glands (sebaceo):** secrete oil as a national moisturizer for the skin and hair. - **Nails (oped onycho/ ungue):** protect fingers and toes. ## Skin Abnormalities - **Skin texture:** hardness and horniness *(Kerato-)*, dryness *(xero-)* - **Skin color:** whiteness *(leuko-)*, redness *(erythro-)*, yellowness *(xantho-)*, and blackness *(melano-)* ## Integumentary System Roots | Root | Meaning | Example | |---|---|---| | cutane/o | Skin | Cutaneous | | derm/o | Skin | Dermatitis | | dermat/o | Skin | Dermatologist | | adip/o | Fat | Adipose | | lip/o | Fat | Liposuction | | steat/o | Fat | Steatosis | | squam/o | Scale | Squamous | | phot/o | Light | Phototherapy | | onych/o | Nail | Onychotomy | | ungu/o | Nail | Ungual | | xer/o | Dry | Xeroderma | | leuk/o | White | Leukocyte | | alb/o | White | Albino | | pill/o | Hair | Piliferous | | trich/o | Hair | Trichomycosis | | hidr/o | Sweat | Hyperhidrosis | | seb/o | Oil | Sebaceous | | cryp/o | Hidden | Onychocryptosis | | kerat/o | Hard/horny | Keratosis | | xanth/o | Yellow | Xanthoma | | erythr/o | Red | Erythema | | melan/o | Black | Melanoma | ## Integumentary System Abbrevs | Abbreviation | Definition | |---|---| | ABCDE | Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving | | AK | Actinic Keratosis | | Bx | Biopsy | | C&S | Culture & Sensitivity | | Derm | Dermatology | | ID | Intradermal | | SC | Subcutaneous | | SQ | Subcutaneous | # Medical Terms - **pertaining to upon the skin:** *dermatogenous* - **pertaining to inside skin:** *intradermal* - **pertaining to beneath skin:** *hypodermic / subcutaneous / percutaneous* - **pertaining through the skin:** *transdermal* - **chemical treatment:** *chemotherapy* - **removing fatty tissues:** *lipectomy* - **removing a nail:** *onychectomy,* - **using electricity to destroy tissue by drying it:** *electrodesiccation* - **skin hansplant taken from a different place on the body:** *autograft (self transplant)* ## Common Medical Terms - **anesthetic:** a drug that blocks sensation temporarily - **antibiotic:** an antibacterial drug used to treat or prevent infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria - **antihistamine:** medication that blocks the release of histamine and is used to treat allergic reactions and cold symptoms - **antipuritic:** a drug that prevents or relieves itching - **antiseptic:** chemical agent that slows or stops the growth of microorganisms on external surfaces of the body and helps to prevent infection. # Definitions The following are definitions of skin terms. - **vitiligo:** a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes patches of skin to lose pigment or color. - **papule:** solid or cystic raised lesion on the skin that is less than 1 cm in diameter. - **plaque:** a solid, raised, flat lesion, larger than 1 cm in diameter - **tumor:** a mass due to abnormal growth of cells in the body. - **ulcer:** an open sore or lesion on the skin or mucous membranes - **pachyderma:** abnormal thickening of the skin - **xanthoma:** a nodular lesion due to localized accumulation of Fat - **antihistamine:** medication that blocks the release of histamine and used to treat allergic reactions and cold symptoms - **antiseptic:** a chemical agent that slows or stops the growth of microorganisms on external surfaces of the body and helps to prevent infection. - **antibiotic:** an antibacterial drug used to treat or prevent infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria - **I & D:** incision and drainage - **acne vulgaris:** chronic disorder with skin lesions caused by inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles # Other Important Terms - **Tinea:** fungal condition "ringworm" - **tinea pedis:** fungal infection with scaly rash "athlete's foot" - **tinea cruris:** fungal infection of skin on genitals, inner thigh, butt. Also called "jock itch" - **tinea unguium:** "nail fungus" thickened, brittle, crumbly, ragged nails - **tinea capitis:** "scalp ringworm" persistent & contagious fungal infection on the scalp. # Dermatological Terms | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | hematidrosis | hemat/hidr/osis | Sweating blood| | hidropoiesis | hidro/polesis | The formation of sweat| | hyperhidrosis | hyper/hidrosis | Excessive sweating | | hyperkerotosis | hyper/kerat/osis | Excessive growth of horny skin | | hypermelanosis | hyper/melan/osis | Excessive melanin in the skin | | hyperpigmentation | hyper/pigment/ation | Excessive pigment in the skin | | hypohidrosis | hypo/hidrosis | Diminished sweating | | hypomelanosis | hypo/melan/osis | Diminished melanin in the skin | | hypopigmentation | hypo/pigment/ation | Diminished pigment in the skin | | leukoderma | leuko/derma | White skin | | macerate | From Latin, for to make soft | To soften the skin | | abrasion | ab/rasion | Scraping away of skin | | albinism | albin/ism | Lack of pigment in skin causing patient to look white | | albino | albino | A person afflicted with albinism | | alopecia | From Greek, for fox | Baldness | | anhidrosis | an/hidrosis | Lack of sweating | | comedo | From Latin, for to eat up | Hair follicle that is plugged with sebum | | cyanhidrosis | cyan/hidrosis | Blue sweat | | depigmentation | de/pigment/ation | Loss of pigmentation | | dermatalgia | dermat/algia | Skin pain | | dermatodynia | dermato/dynia | Skin pain | | dermatolysis | dermato/lysis | Loose skin | | erythema | From Greek, for redness | Redness | | erythroderma | erythro/derma | Red skin | # General Terms | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | epidermal | epic/derm/al | Pertaining to the skin | | hypodermic | hypo/derm/ic | Pertaining to beneath the skin | | intradermal | intra/derm/al | Pertaining to inside the skin | | percutaneous | per/cutane/ous | Pertaining to through the skin | | subcutaneous | sub/cutane/ous |Pertaining to beneath the skin | | topical | topic/al | Applied directly to the skin | | transdermal | trans/derm/al | Pertaining to through the skin | # Primary Lesions | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | macule, macula (freckle) | From Latin, for "spot" or "stain" | Small, flat, discolored area | | patch (vitiligo) | | A chronic autoimmune disorder; causes patches of skin to lose pigment or color. | | papule | From Latin, for "pimple" | A solid or cystic raised lesion on the skin that is less than 1 cm in diameter.| | plaque | | A solid, raised, flat lesion, larger than 1 cm in diameter. | | nodule | | A solid mass that extends deeper into the skin | | tumor | | A mass due to abnormal growth of cells in the body | | vesicle | ves/icle | A smaller blister | | bulla | From Latin, for "bubble" | A larger blister | | pustule | From Latin, for "little blister" | A pus-filled blister | | abscess | ab/scess | A localized collection of pus in the body | ## Secondary Lesions | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | erosion | e/rosion | Loss of skin | | ulcer | From Latin, for "sore" | An open sore or lesion on the skin or mucous membranes | | excoriation | ex/cori/ation | A scratch | | fissure | From Latin, for a "split" or "divide" | A crack in the skin | | scale | | Skin flaking off | | crust | | A dried substance (i.e, blood, pus) on the skin | ## Vascular Lesions | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | vascular lesion | | Wounds related to blood vessels | | cherry angioma | angi/oma | A small blood vessel tumor | | telangiectasia (spider angioma) | tel/angi/ectasia | The overexpansion of the end of a blood vessel | | petechia | From Latin, for "freckle" or "spot" | A small bruise | | ecchymosis | From Greek, for "to pour out" | A larger bruise | | cicatrix (plural: cicatrices) | From Latin, for "scar" | Scar | | keloid | kel/oid | Overgrowth of scar tissue | ## Epidermal Tumors | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | epidermal tumors | epi/derm/al tumor | Tumors on the skin | | nevus | From Latin, for "birthmark" or "mole" | Mole | | dysplastic nevus | dys/plastic nevus | A mole with bad changes/formations | | verruca | From Latin, for "wart" | A wart | # Infections | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | acne vulgaris | acne vulgaris |Chronic disorder with skin lesions caused by inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles | | dermatomycosis | dermato/myc/osis | A fungal skin condition | | hidradenitis | hidr/aden/itis | Inflammation of the sweat glands | | impetigo | | A highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin | | mycodermatitis | myco/dermat/itis | Inflammation of the skin caused by fungus | | mycosis | myc/osis | A fungal condition | | onychodystrophy | onycho/dys/trophy | Poor nourishment (and development) of the nail | | onychomycosis | onycho/myc/osis | A fungal condition of the nail | | tinea | From the Latin word "tinea" means "worm" | A fungal condition often called "ringworm" | | trichomycosis | tricho/myc/osis | A fungal condition of the hair | # Oncology | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | actinic keratosis | actin/ic kerat/osis | Horny skin condition caused by sun exposure | | basal cell carcinoma | basal cell carcin/oma | Cancerous tumor of basal skin cells | | hidradenoma | hidr/aden/oma | Tumor of the sweat gland | | malignant cutaneous neoplasm | malignant cutane/ous neo/plasm | A harmful new formation of skin tissue (i.e., skin cancer) | | malignant melanoma | malignant melan/oma | A harmful tumor of melanin cells | | squamous cell carcinoma | squam/ous cell carcin/oma | Cancerous tumour of squamous skin cells | # Inflammations | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | actinic dermatitis | actin/ic dermat/itis | Inflammation of the skin caused by sun exposure | | dermatitis | dermat/itis | Inflammation of the skin | | seborrheic dermatitis | sebo/rhe/ic dermat/itis | Inflammation of the skin caused by the discharge of oil (sebum) | | steatitis | steat/itis | Inflammation of fat tissue | # Burn Degrees | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | First-degree burn | | Burn affecting only the epidermis or superficial layer of the skin | | Second-degree burn | | Deeper burn affecting both the epidermis and dermis | | Third-degree burn | | Deep burn affecting the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer | | Fourth-degree burn | | Deep burn affecting not just all layers of the skin (epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer) but also underlying tissues like muscle, fascia, or bone | ## Diagnostic Procedures | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | culture and sensitivity (C&S) | | Growing microorganisms in isolation in order to determine which drugs they might respond to | | biopsy (Bx) | bi/ops/y | Removal of tissue in order to examine it | | excisional biopsy | ex/cision/al | Removal of an entire lesion for examination | | incisional biopsy | in/cision/al | Removal of a portion of a lesion for examination | | dermatoscope | dermato/scope | Instrument used to look at the skin | | dermatoscopy | dermato/scopy | Procedure for looking at the skin | # Procedures | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | chemosurgery | chemo/surgery | Removal of tissue that has been destroyed using chemicals | | chemotherapy | chemo/therapy | Treatment using chemicals | | cryosurgery | cryo/surgery | Destruction of tissue through freezing | | dermabrasion | derm/ab/rasion | Rubbing or scraping away the outer surface of skin | | electrocauterization | electro/cauteriz/ation | Using electricity to destroy tissue by burning it | | electrodesiccation | electro/desicc/ation | Using electricity to destroy tissue by drying it | | incision and drainage (I&D) | in/cision | To cut into a wound to allow trapped infected liquid to drain | | lipectomy | lip/ectomy | Removal of fatty tissue | | liposuction | lipo/suction | Removal of fatty tissue using a vacuum | | onychectomy | onych/ectomy | Removal of a nail | | onychotomy | onycho/tomy | Incision into a nail | | rhytidoplasty | rhytido/plasty | Reconstruction of wrinkles | # Skin Grafting | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | autograft | auto/graft | Skin transplant taken from a different place on the patient's body | | homograft (allograft) | homo/graft (allo/graft) | Skin transplant taken from another member of the patient's species | | heterograft | hetero/graft | Skin transplant taken from a species other than the patient's | | xenograft | xeno/graft | Skin transplant taken from a species other than the patient's | # Pathology | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | adipocele | adipo/cele | A hernia filled with fatty tissue | | dermatofibroma | dermato/fibr/oma | A fibrous skin tumor | | erythrocyanosis | erythro/cyan/osis | A red and/or blue discoloration of the skin | | keratogenic | kerato/gen/ic | Causing horny tissue development | | keratosis | kerat/osis | Horny tissue condition | | necrosis | necrosis | Tissue death | | onychia | onych/la | A nail condition | | onychocryptosis | onycho/crypt/osis | An ingrown nail | | onycholysis | onycho/lysis | The loss of a nail | | onychomalacia | onycho/malacia | Abnormal softening of a nail | | onychopathy | onycho/pathy | Nail disease | | pachyderma | pachy/derma | Abnormal thickening of skin | | paronychia | par/onych/la | A condition of the tissue around a nail | | steatoma | steat/oma | A fatty tumor | # Pharmacology | Term | Word Analysis | Definition | |---|---|---| | anesthetic | an/esthetic | A drug that temporarily blocks sensation | | antibiotic | anti/biotic | A drug that destroys or opposes growth of microorganisms | | antihistamine | anti/histamine | Medication that blocks the release of histamine | | antipruritic | anti/pruritic | A drug that prevents or relieves itching | | antiseptic | antiseptic | A chemical agent that slows or stops the growth of microorganisms on external surfaces of the body and helps to prevent infection |