Skin Anatomy and Conditions Quiz

Integumentary System - The Skin

• The epidermis is the outermost visible layer of skin.
• The dermis lies beneath the epidermis, made of interwoven cells and tough fibers.
• Hair follicles, nerve endings, and glands reside in the dermis.
• Sweat glands release sweat to regulate body temperature and eliminate waste.
• Sebaceous glands secrete protective oils.
• Nails support and protect the tips of fingers and toes.

Skin Abnormalities

• Skin texture variations include hardness, horniness (keratosis), and dryness (xerosis).
• Skin color variations include whiteness (leukoderma), redness (erythema), yellowness (xanthoderma), and blackness (melanoderma).

Integumentary System Roots

• Cutane/o - Skin
• Dermat/o - Skin
• Adipo/ - Fat
• Lip/o/ Steat/o - Fat
• Squam/o - Scale
• Onych/o / Ungu/o - Nail
• Xer/o - Dry
• Leuk/o/ Alb/o - White
• Pilo/ - Hair
• Prich/o - Hair
• Hidro/ - Sweat
• Seb/o - Oil

Integumentary Abbreviations

• ABCDE: asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving
• Bx - Biopsy
• C&S - Culture & Sensitivity
• Derm - Dermatology
• ID - Intradermal
• SC - Subcutaneous/ SQ - Subcutaneous

Medical Terms for Skin Treatment

• Anesthetic: temporarily blocks sensation

• Antibiotic: antibacterial drug

• Antihistamine: blocks histamine release treatment for allergy

• Antiseptic: slows/stops microbe growth

• Pertaining to skin treatment with chemicals, electricity, or freezing.*

• Chemotherapy: treatment with chemicals

• Cryosurgery: tissue destruction via freezing

• Electrocauterization: using electricity to burn tissue

• Electrodesiccation: using electricity to dry tissue

• Lipectomy: removal of fatty tissue

• Liposuction: removing fat using suction

• Onychectomy: removal of a nail

• Onychotomy: incision into a nail

• Rhytidoplasty: wrinkle reconstruction

Skin Grafting

• Autograft: skin taken from another site on the patient's body
• Homograft/Allograft: from another person (similar species)
• Hetero/Xenograft: from a different species

Primary Lesions

• Macule: small, flat, discolored area
• Patch: larger, flat, discolored area (e.g., vitiligo)
• Papule: small, solid, raised area
• Plaque: larger, solid, raised, flat area
• Nodule: small, solid, raised, deeper area
• Tumor: mass due to cell growth
• Vesicle: small blister
• Bulla: large blister
• Pustule: pus-filled blister
• Abscess: localized collection of pus

Secondary Lesions

• Erosion: loss of skin surface
• Ulcer: open sore on skin or mucous membrane
• Excoriation: scratch
• Fissure: crack in skin
• Scale: flaking skin
• Crust: dried substance (blood, pus) on skin

Vascular Lesions

• Cherry angioma: small blood vessel tumor
• Telangiectasia (spider angioma): dilated blood vessel
• Petechiae: small bruises
• Ecchymosis: larger bruises
• Cicatrix: scar
• Keloid: overgrowth of scar tissue

Infections

• Acne vulgaris: inflammation of sebaceous glands
• Dermatomycosis: fungal skin condition
• Hidradenitis: inflammation of sweat glands
• Impetigo: highly contagious bacterial skin infection
• Mycodermatitis: inflammation of skin caused by fungus
• Onchomycosis: fungal nail condition

Inflammations of Skin

• Actinic dermatitis: skin inflammation caused by sun exposure
• Dermatitis: inflammation of skin
• Seborrheic dermatitis: inflammation cause by sebum
• Steatitis: inflammation of fat tissue

Diagnostic Procedures

• Culture and Sensitivity (C&S): microbial growth testing
• Biopsy: tissue removal for examination
• Excisional biopsy: removal of the entire lesion
• Incisional biopsy: removal of a portion of the lesion
• Dermatoscope: instrument to look at the skin
• Dermatoscopy: procedure using a dermatoscope

Oncology

• Actinic keratosis: precancerous, horny skin condition
• Basal cell carcinoma: cancerous tumor of basal skin cells
• Hidradenoma: tumor of sweat gland
• Malignant cutaneous neoplasm: harmful skin growth
• Malignant melanoma: harmful tumor of melanin cells
• Squamous cell carcinoma: cancerous tumor of squamous skin cells