Indigenous Peoples & Health-SV.pptx PDF

Chapter 12 INDIGENOUS HEALTH Learning Objectives  Describe the Indigenous diversity of the Canadian population.  Examine the Canadian history of colonization that includes pre-European and post-European contact.  Differentiate between the historical timeline of key Indig...

Chapter 12 INDIGENOUS HEALTH Learning Objectives  Describe the Indigenous diversity of the Canadian population.  Examine the Canadian history of colonization that includes pre-European and post-European contact.  Differentiate between the historical timeline of key Indigenous events and legislation in Canada. 2 Learning Objectives  Analyze components of colonialism to understand the complexities of the relationship that evolved between Indigenous peoples and Europeans.  Examine the legacy of residential schools, which has had devastating consequences for Indigenous communities across Canada.  Describe the concepts of structural racism, child welfare, poverty, and the justice system in relation to nursing practice. 3 Learning Objectives  Differentiate between respect, trust, and spirituality in the context of caring for Indigenous people.  Describe components of Indigenous cultural orientations in relation to nursing practice.  Describe the historical development of the concept of culture, cultural competence, cultural safety, and cultural humility in relation to nursing practice. 4 Learning Objectives  Analyze components of cultural assessment critical to understanding the values, beliefs, and practices of people experiencing cultural transitions.  Apply research findings to the provision of culturally competent care that incorporates cultural safety and relational practice. 5 Learning Objectives  Apply research findings to the provision of nursing care of Indigenous peoples in Canada, with consideration of assessment and intervention underpinned by cultural safety, health equity, and social justice.  Examine selected chronic illness experiences relevant to the Indigenous peoples of Canada.  Differentiate between Indigenous health from a global perspective and Indigenous health from a Canadian perspective. 6 Indigenous Diversity— The Canadian  Perspective Of Canada’s population, 4.9% is Indigenous.  Indigenous groups  These groups include First Nations, Métis, and Inuit.  Each have their own unique languages, heritages, cultural practices, and spiritual beliefs.  2016 Census: Reported more than 70 Indigenous languages, divided into 12 language families 7 Indigenous Diversity— The Canadian  Indian Act: Perspective  Legal term Indian (used to describe all Indigenous peoples in Canada who are not Inuit)  Status, non-Status, and Treaty Indians  Impact of Daniels Decision (Daniels v. Canada) 8 Indigenous History in Canada Pre-European contact  Refers to history of Indigenous peoples before exploration and settlement of Americas by Europeans  Distinct cultures in Arctic, Western Subarctic, Eastern Subarctic, Northeastern Woodlands, Plains, Plateau, and Northwest Coast  Inuit population  Holistic view of health  Traditional shamans, herbalists, and specialized healers worked within holistic framework to heal afflicted persons 9 Indigenous History in Canada  Post-European contact  Colonialism  Purposeful practice of settling invaders onto foreign lands (plundering resources, exploiting and marginalizing existing inhabitants) 10 Indigenous History in Canada  Post-European contact (cont.)  Institutions and policies concerning Indigenous peoples were developed by European imperial and Euro-American settlers Reserve system Governance structure Historical trauma Residential schools:  Intergenerational trauma  Cultural genocide 11 Indigenous History in Canada  Post-European contact (cont.)  Truth and reconciliation Truth and Reconciliation Commission Common Experience Payment Financial settlements for those who had suffered abuse or neglect Commemoration initiatives Funding to support the Aboriginal Healing Foundation 12 Indigenous History in Canada  Truth and reconciliation (cont.):  Settler ally: someone who collectively considers how steps taken can advance the truth and reconciliation process  Steps to becoming a settler ally  Self-awareness  Self-education  Creating an open and supportive environment  Action 13 Indigenous History in Canada  Post-European contact (cont.)  Structural racism Delays in service for on-reserve First Nations children Assault of Indigenous women Child welfare and Sixties Scoop Indigenous child poverty The justice system and incarceration of a disproportionate number of Indigenous people 14 Cultural Orientations  Indigenous world views  Connection to the land  Collective cultures— focused on the good of the people, not on the individual  Elastic sense of time 15 Cultural Orientations  In Canada  Diversity  Connection between physical and spiritual  Many matriarchal cultures  Everything seen as being related and interconnected 16 Cultural Orientations  Theories of Indigenous health  Medicine Wheel teachings Circular representation of the interconnectedness of life Core belief of sacredness Indigenous health: balance among emotional, physical, spiritual, and mental dimensions Modes of treatment: include ceremonial, herbal and medicinal, and storytelling 17  Cultural Orientatio ns  Theories of Indigenous health  The Medicine Wheel teachings  Circular representation of the interconnected ness of life  Core belief of sacredness  Indigenous health: balance among emotional, physical, spiritual, and 18 mental Cultural Orientations  Theories of Indigenous health  Seven Grandfathers Teachings (Seven Sacred Values) Learning about wisdom, love, respect, bravery, honesty, humility, and truth  Correlation between 19 health and Indigenous Historical Development of the Concept of Culture  Cultural awareness  Cultural humility  Cultural safety  Cultural sensitivity  Culturally competent care  Culturally congruent care  Transcultural assessment model  Transcultural nursing 20 Cultural Safety and Humility  Cultural safety  Involves considering the redistribution of power and resources in a relationship.  Cultural humility  A lifelong learning experience, value, or virtue that shapes character traits across the lifespan.  Actions that demonstrate interpersonal respect and interpersonal reflection of one's cultural assumptions and biases. 21 Nursing Considerations and Indigenous Health Respect Reciprocal process Vulnerability, dependence, risk Trust taking Traditional Indigenous faiths and Spirituality healing Strengths- based approach Trauma- informed care 22   Implications for Illness Experiences nursing  Cultural —Chronic Diseases competence  Cultural safety For individuals and at the institutional and policy levels  Humility 23 Social Determinants of 2 4 Health 24 Illness Experiences— Chronic Diseases  Implications for nursing (cont’d)  Social determinants of health Proximal determinants of health Intermediate determinants of health Distal determinants of health 25 Illness Experiences— Chronic Diseases  Health disparities  Diabetes mellitus  HIV and AIDS  Cancer  Tuberculosis  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma  Cardiovascular disease  Otitis media  Rheumatic disease  Mental Health  Indigenous People in Canada and the COVID-19 pandemic 26 Indigenous Health—The Global Perspective  Indigenous peoples represent approximately 15% of the poorest people globally, yet make up only about 5% of the population worldwide  Indigenous peoples continue to suffer abuse and denial of human rights, including their right to health and to land.  Recognizing the burden of disease for Indigenous groups requires an understanding of the impact of colonialism 27 Indigenous Health —The Global Perspective  Connections between determinants of health and illness patterns and major health concerns  Lower life expectancy  Access to holistic and culturally appropriate health services remains challenging 28 Indigenous Health–The Global Perspective  Nurses have responded in huge numbers, continuing a history of advocacy related to health inequities and social injustices.  AssistingIndigenous peoples to build capacity and work closely with systems of health care will be part of the next wave of radical reorientation that is urgently needed. 29 Summary  Indigenous diversity  Indian Act  Cultural safety and  Indigenous History in humility Canada  Nursing  Colonialism Considerations and  Residential schools Indigenous Health   Chronic diseases and Truth and reconciliation  Structural racism health disparities  Indigenous health—  Cultural orientations global perspective  Indigenous worldview 30