Indian Civilization and Culture PDF 2025 Bihar Board

## CLASS-12th SCIENCE **HUNKAAR** BIHAR BOARD 2025 **Indian Civilization and Culture** English (Prose) Chapter No. – 01 By - Pankaj Sir ### Topics to be covered 1. Indian Civilization and Culture 2. Hindi Explanation 3. VVI objective Questions 4. Subjective Questions 5. ### Recap of Previous...

## CLASS-12th SCIENCE **HUNKAAR** BIHAR BOARD 2025 **Indian Civilization and Culture** English (Prose) Chapter No. – 01 By - Pankaj Sir ### Topics to be covered 1. Indian Civilization and Culture 2. Hindi Explanation 3. VVI objective Questions 4. Subjective Questions 5. ### Recap of Previous Lecture 1. Basics of English 2. Definition of Noun 3. Parts of Noun - Caste - Gender - Counting - Structure - Number 4. Gender 5. Number ### Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) The image shows a black and white photo of Mahatma Gandhi. ### Topic: Civilization and Culture | Civilization | Culture | |---|---| | The process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of social and cultural development is called Civilization. | | ### Topic: About Author - Name - Mahatma Gandhi - Date of Birth - 2 Oct, 1869 - Date of Death – 30 January, 1948 - Full name - Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi - He is known as the father of nation or Bapu. - Father's Name - Karamchand Gandhi - Mother's Name - Putlibai - Wife's Name - Kasturba Gandhi - Went to S.A - 1893 - Returned from South Africa - 1915 - Went to Champaran - 1917 - Completely dominated Indian politics from 1915-1948. He is more a spiritual leader than a politician. Autobiography My Experiment with Truth. The image shows the cover of the book titled "My Experiments with Truth" by M.K Gandhi. He wrote numerous articles for "Young India". The image shows an old magazine cover with the words "Young India" on it and an image of Mahatma Gandhi. He successfully used Truth and Non-Violence as the chief weapons against the British Rule in India. The image shows a logo with the words "International Day of Non-Violence, 02 october". He was a lawyer, Great Leader, politician and writer. ### Topic: About Chapter - Name - Indian Civilization and Culture - Type - Essay - निबंध - It has been taken from his Autobiography "My Experiment With Truth". - In this chapter Gandhi jee talks about the sound foundation of Indian Civilization which has successfully withstood the passage of time. - He also talks about the difference between Indian Civilization and Western Civilization. According to him, Indian Civilization is related to moral being and The Western Civilization is related to materiality. The images shows two word clouds: one for the word "morality" (which includes words like education, knowledge, integrity, ethics, etc.) and one for the word "materiality" (which includes words like information, material, investment, organization, etc.) I believe that the civilization India has evolved is not to be beaten in the world. Nothing can equal the seeds shown our ancestors. Two images are shown:a pathway in a village and people working on a field. Rome went, Greece shared the same fate, the right of pharaohs (Egypt) was broken, Japan has become _Westernized;_ Of China nothing can be said that India is still, Sound at the foundation. Images are attached showing a depiction of an Egyptian pharaoh and a Greek sculpture. The people of Europe learn their lessons from the writings of the men of Greece or Rome. The images are attached showing a group of students with a European building in the background and a painting with two men. In the midst of all this, India _remains immovable_ and that is her glory _स्थिर_. It is a charge against India that her people are so uncivilized, Ignorant and stolid, that it is not possible to induce them to adopt any changes. The image shows a circle with the word "movable" inside. Civilization is that mode of conduct which points out to _man_ the path of duty. The image shows a picture of Mahatma Gandhi and a quote by him which says "Civilization is that mode of conduct which points out to man the path of duty. Performance of duty and observance of morality are convertible terms. To observe morality is to attain mastery over our mind and our passions. So doing, we know ourselves." The Gujarati equivalent for Civilization means "_Good Conduct_". The image shows a yellow smiley with the words "Good Conduct" at the bottom. We notice that mind is a restless bird, the more it gets the more it wants and remains unsatisfied. The images are attached showing a distressed man and a bird. The more we indulge in our passions, the more unbridled they become. They saw that happiness was largely a _mental_ condition. The image shows a girl laughing in a field. A man is not necessarily happy because he is rich or unhappy because he is poor. The _rich_ are often seen to be unhappy, the poor to be happy. The image shows a man frightened by money and an elderly man laughing. Observing all this Our ancestors _dissuaded_ us from luxuries and pleasure _खुशी and आरामदायक_. The images show an airplane and a man in an expensive suit in a car. It was not that we did not invent machinery, but our forefathers knew that if we set our hearts after such things, we would _become slaves_ and lose our moral fibre. The image shows a camera, a mobile phone and a TV screen. They saw that our real happiness and health consisted in a proper use of our _hands and feet_. The common people lived independently and followed their agricultural occupation. The images shows a picture of a typical Indian house and some women working in a rice field. In no part of the world, and under no civilization, have all men attained perfection. I am no hater of the west. I am thankful to the West for many a thing I have leant from Western Literature. Some of the immediate and brilliant results of modern inventions are maddening to resist. ### Difference between Indian Civilization and Western Civilization. | Indian Civilization | Western Civilization | |---|---| | Elevates the moral being. | Elevates the immorality. | | Believes in God. | Does not believe in God. | ### Indian Culture And Western Culture The attached images shows a group of Indian women and a group of Western women. After all, There is something in Hinduism that has kept it alive up till now. Attic Civilization is related to _Greece_. European Civilization will _ruin_ for India if we copy it. Plain Living and high thinking is the motto of _Western Philosopher_. Our ancestors enjoyed "_True Home Rule_”. Plain living and high thinking is based on Indian Civilization. Pharaohs were the ruler of _Egypt_. Gibbon is associated with Italy. The attached image shows the following equations: Attic - Greece Gibbon - Italy Pharaohs - Egypt ### Topic : Question **#Q.** Pharaohs were rulers of ancient - A) Russia **B) Egypt** C) India D) Greece **#Q.** Mahatma Gandhi has written the lesson - A) I Have a Dream - Martin Luther King Jo B) The Artist - Shigla Naoga **C) Indian Civilization and Culture - Mahatma Gandhi** D) The Earth - HE Bates **#Q.** _____ were rulers of Egypt. A) Americans B) Africans C) Iranians **D) Pharaohs** **#Q.** Civilization is the state of development of a _____ **A) people** B) animal C) bird D) non-living things **#Q.** European civilization will mean ______ for India. [18A, Ι.Α.] A) want B) living C) real **D) ruin** **#Q.** Gibbon is associated with ______ **A) Italy** B) Sweden C) Russia D) America **#Q.** 'Simple living and high thinking' is the base of - **A) Western philosopher** B) Eastern philosopher C) North philosopher D) None of these **#Q.** Indian glory is that it is ______ **A) immovable** B) movable C) uncivilised D) ignorant **#Q.** 'My Experiments with Truth' was written by - A) Nehruji **B) Mahatma Gandhi** C) Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad D) Sardar Patel **#Q.** ______ was a spiritual leader than a politician. A) Nehru ji B) Sardar Patel **C) Mahatma Gandhi** D) Indira Gandhi **#Q.** The mind is a restless ______ the more it gets, the more it wants. **A) bird** B) dog C) cow D) monkey **#Q.** The people of Europe learn their lesson from the writing of the man of ______ A) Germany B) Britain **C) Greece or Rome** D) Spain **#Q.** Sacrifice is the sole aim of our ______ A) Philosopher B) farmers **C) rishis** D) scientists **#Q.** ______ is dead against blind imitation of western civilization. A) Nehru ji **B) Gandhi jee** C) Patel D) Ambedkar **#Q.** "Plain living and high thinking" is the motto of - **A) Western philosopher** B) Eastern philosopher C) North philosopher D) None of these **#Q.** ______ were satisfied with small villages. **A) Our ancestors** B) Germans C) Romans D) Italians **#Q.** Has civilization taught us to be more ______ towards one another? A) enemy B) angry C) upset **D) friendly** **#Q.** Wealth and luxuries do not make a ______ Happy. A) bird **B) man** C) cow D) dog **#Q.** Gandhi Ji went to Champaran in - A) 1915 B) 1916 **C) 1917** D) 1918 **#Q.** Our ancestors enjoyed ______ Rule. A) Nice B) Society **C) Home** D) Nation **#Q.** The people of Europe are inspired by ______ and Roman writers. **A) Greek** B) British C) German D) Indian **#Q.** The invention of ______ proved a milestone in our development. **A) fire** B) agriculture C) carpentry D) None of these **#Q.** Civilization points out to man - A) how to make money B) how to win the enemy **C) the path of duty** D) the way of living **#Q.** To observe morality is to attain mastery over - A) economic growth B) political ability **C) minds and passions** D) art **#Q.** He wrote different articles for - A) 'The Hindu' B) 'The Times of India' C) 'The Blitze' **D) 'Young India'** **#Q.** The mind is a restless bird which always remains - A) hungry **B) unsatisfied** C) thirsty D) sick **#Q.** Happiness is largely a - **A) mental condition** B) physical condition C) disease D) imagination **#Q.** Mahatma Gandhi was more a - A) politician B) economist C) social reformer **D) spiritual leader** **#Q.** Our ancestors dissuaded us from - A) politics **B) luxuries and pleasure** C) morality D) spirituality **#Q.** People in ancient days were satisfied with - A) towns B) cities C) mega cities **D) villages** **#Q.** He used as the chief weapons - A) swords B) nuclear weapons C) guns **D) truth and non-violence** **#Q.** Our forefathers saw that kings and their swords were inferior to - **A) the swords of ethics** B) the swords of politics C) the swords of economics D) the swords of treachery **#Q.** In ancient days the common people followed - A) business **B) agriculture** C) industry D) politics **#Q.** Modern civilization is the worship of - **A) material** B) ethics C) brotherhood D) equality The image shows the following words: - European civilization - Modern civilization - Western civilization **#Q.** In ancient days the common people enjoyed - A) courts rule B) slavery **C) true home rule** D) foreign rule **#Q.** The tendency of Indian civilization is to elevate - A) immorality B) partiality **C) moral being** D) dishonesty **#Q.** 'Indian Civilization and Culture' has been written by - A) Pt. Nehru **B) M. Gandhi** C) Hussain D) None of these The image shows the following words: - Spiritual leader - Bapu - Father of nation **#Q.** Indian civilization is - A) godless **B) based on belief in God** C) based on partiality D) based on matter The image shows the word "Objective" with an arrow going to the right. **#Q.** How is the Indian Civilization different from European civilization? **Ans.** The tendency of Indian Civilization is to elevate the moral being whereas European civilization elevates the immortality. The former believes in god whereas the latter is godless. In this way, we can say that Indian Civilization is different from European Civilization. **#Q.** Why does Gandhi say that "mind is a restless bird"? What makes the mind restless? **Ans.** Gandhi jee says that mind is a restless bird because the more it gets the more it wants and still remains unsatisfied. Our wants and passion make our mind restless. **#Q.** How did our ancestors enjoyed "True Home Rule"? **Ans.** Our ancestors enjoyed True Home Rule because they thought, there are so many thieves and robbers are in Cities. They felt that the poor are robbed by the rich in large cities. They lived independently and followed their agriculture occupation. **#Q.** What is the Civilization in the real sense of term? (2018, 2020) **Ans.** The real sense of Civilization means not multiplying on our wants but on restricting them. According to Gandhi jee, The Civilization is that mode of conduct which points out to man the path of duty. **#Q.** What does our Civilization depend upon? (2021) **Ans.** Our Civilization depends, not on multiplying our wants but on restricting them. **#Q.** Why is still Indian Civilization and Culture alive? **Ans.** Indian Civilization and Culture is still alive because Hinduism developed not only with material but spiritual lines. Our Civilization, Culture and Swaraj depend upon self denial, not upon self indulgence. **#Q.** What did the author convey to the countrymen about dealing with modern Civilization? **Ans.** According to the author, the tendency of Indian Civilization is to elevate the moral being but that of the modern Civilization is to propagate immorality. He asked his countrymen to clink to their Civilization but avoid the modern Civilization at any cost. **#Q.** Why, according to Gandhi ji have we stuck with the same kind of plough as existed thousands of years ago? Should we do the same thing even today? **Ans.** We have stuck with the same kind of plough as existed thousands of years ago because we did not want to involve in competition. According to Gandhi ji, We had no system of life corroding. We were satisfied with our simple ways of life. Health and happiness come through the use of hands and feet. No, we cannot follow today. **#Q.** Discuss about the features of Western Civilization? **Ans.** The tendency of western civilization is to elevate the immorality. It doesn't believe in god, and It _runs_ after _materiality_. It completely depends upon machine. **#Q.** What is the real glory/ beauty of Indian Civilization? **Ans.** The real beauty of Indian Civilization is that it remains immovable. Even after thousands of years it is as it should be. It has no change its nature and it is sound at it's foundation. **#Q.** What was the great lesson that India had to teach the West? (asked in 2019) **Ans.** The great lesson that India had to teach the West were the lesson of Unity, Integrity and humanity. **Thank You** The image shows a brick building.