IMRaD-Research-Format.pdf

IMRaD Research Format SNS Research Anchor Person Member, URB-REC Faculty Member, SNS/ Graduate School  Disclaimer I do not claim that the content of the presentation is entirely mine. The concepts were derived from the UB RDC format manual 7th edition...

IMRaD Research Format SNS Research Anchor Person Member, URB-REC Faculty Member, SNS/ Graduate School  Disclaimer I do not claim that the content of the presentation is entirely mine. The concepts were derived from the UB RDC format manual 7th edition the Publication Manual of APA 7th edition and CRHRDC. Most of the images I used were taken from the internet. I also make no claim to be an authority on the topics. My discussion are based from my educational background, trainings and workshops attended, and personal experiences. There is also no conflict of interest between my personal interests and giving this presentation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of the session, the learner should be able to: 1. realize the importance of IMRaD format; 2. comply properly with IMRaD guidelines; 3. write research paper following the IMRaD format; 4. publish scholarly work in an accredited publication following the IMRaD guidelines; and 5. organize Public Lectures and Research Presentations guided by the IMRaD.  Importance of Format Mechanical flaws lead reviewers or instructors to misinterpret content The physical appearance of a paper can enhance or detract from question the authors’ expertise it. or attention to detail students may receive a lower A well-prepared paper encourages grade because of formatting editors and reviewers to view errors. authors' work as professional. ❖Publishers will use your word- Instructors are more likely to processing file to produce the regard students' work when they typeset version of your article, so it have written a well-prepared paper. is important that you properly format your article. https://bit.ly/3jIZzJZ  IMRaD pronounced “im-rad” format acronym for: Introduction Method Results and Discussion https://en.ppt-online.org/845169 IMRaD most commonly used format in scientific article and journal writing used widely across most scientific and research fields. major components of this format are similar to the Germanic format but in a more concise presentation. https://www.manuscriptedit.com/scholar-hangout/challenges-prospects-publishing-articles/ Overview IMRaD Format Germanic Format https://bit.ly/3vSzIUR Reminder publishers require their own template in the submission of the journal https://bit.ly/3Bi0iIl https://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/uniformity.html Font style and size Line spacing 1.5” More fonts to choose from - APA 7th ed ✓ Times New Roman (12 pt) – 6th edition ✓ Arial (11pt) The most important things is that the font ✓ Georgia (11pt) should be easy to read for everyone. ✓ Calibri (11pt) ✓ Lucida Sans Unicode (10pt)  Top 1” Left 1.5” Right 1” Bottom 1” Where do I find research topic? 1. Research Agenda NUHRA Basic Education/ NHERA Institutional Research Agenda School Research Agenda Company Research Agenda Where do I find research topic? 2. Simplest method Earlier study’s limitation Recommendations Double space Do not add blank lines between affiliations or between the byline and the first affiliation.  clearly identify the subject area of interest. use key words from your Title in the first few sentences of the Introduction to get it focused directly on topic at the appropriate level. inverted triangle How to write the Introduction? C.A.R.S. Model Components The Creating a Research Space Model was developed by John Bold attempt Swales based upon his analysis Researcher – made of journal articles representing a variety of discipline-based writing practices. Cross- reference Cited from previous researches (Justo, 2021) Introduction: Approaches Move 1 Establishing a territory Move 3 Trends Occupying a niche Define the features and Solutions characteristics of the area of study State your intention to fill, answer a previous gap Move 2 Objective of the study Establishing a niche Issues/ problems State that there is lacking in previous studies (Justo, 2021)  Move 2 1. Problems: all negative 2. Issues: blank & blind spot a. Blank spots – nothing is known about it b. Blind spots - conflicting literature (Justo, 2021) Literature Review Mendoza, 2021 Literature Review 1. Introduction Describes the content (what is the chapter/ section all about?), structure (how is the chapter organized?) and scope (What are the boundaries?) of the RRL 2. Body of the literature review 2.1 Presentation Answers to the guide questions 2.2 Discussion and evaluation What are the strengths and weaknesses of the previous studies? What are common areas of agreements and disagreements? 2.3 Summary and relationship of findings to proposed research 3. Conclusion Summary and highlights of most important points from various sub-sections Relate/connect findings to current research being proposed Mendoza, 2021 Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework/ Paradigm of the Study Given the identified knowledge gap, what concepts can be used to address it. What theories, principles, laws may be integrated in designing your study or which will guide the conduct of your study? Conventions/Usual Practices In Developing The Conceptual Framework In building the framework: ❑ Start with the dependent /outcome variable or endpoint for intervention ❑ Identify potential independent variables deemed to affect the dependent/outcome variable based on empirical or theoretical evidence ❑ Identify intervening, confounding , antecedent or mediating variables whose effects may alter the relationship between the dependent and independent variable Mendoza, 2021 Significance of the Study e. Does the problem affect a. What is the contribution of my important populations of special research to existing knowledge interest (ex., mother and in this area? children, elderly, youth, etc.? b. How will my research results BROAD ISSUES f. Does the problem relate to on- improve: going programs, projects current practices? activities, or initiatives? existing policies? c. Is the problem to be studied g. Does the problem relate to SPECIFIC broader social, economic or current or timely? Does it exist ISSUES health issues (ex., poverty; now? climate change; status of women d. How widespread is the problem and children, etc.)? in terms number of areas or people affected? h. Who else are concerned about the problem (ex., government; civil society; church, etc)? Mendoza, 2021  GENERAL vs SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES GENERAL OBJECTIVE It reflects the overall purpose of the project It states what is expected to be achieved by the study in general terms SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES They are statements regarding the specific questions expected to be answered in the study They break up the general objective into smaller, logically connected parts They systematically address the various aspects of the problem as defined in the problem statement Mendoza, 2021  CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES  They are phrased in such a way they focus on what the study is attempting to solve, and cover the different parts of the problem in a logical way.  They are clearly phrased in measurable, operational and observable terms, specifying exactly what are the researcher wishing to do.  They are realistic, considering the constraints within local conditions and should be feasible.  They use action verbs which are specific enough to be measured. SPECIFIC ACTION VERBS NON-SPECIFIC ACTION VERBS Determine Appreciate Compare Understand Compute Explore Describe Dramatize Mendoza, 2021  Study Design Is the study qualitative? Or quantitative? Specifically, what qualitative/quantitative design is utilized? Do not define the design. Explain how the variables in your study fits into the design.  Sample/Population of the Study Discuss the characteristics of the target population. Are there inclusion and exclusion criteria that must be considered? If you did sampling, how did you arrive at the sample size? How did you recruit the participants of the study? If dealing with non-humans, how did you collect the samples? What authentication procedures were considered?  Data Gathering Tools What research tools did you use? What Materials for experimental designs are the parts? Describe what materials, subjects, and equipment (chemicals, experimental animals, apparatus, etc.) you used (these may be subheaded Animals, Reagents, etc.). What are some considerations or steps undertaken to ensure validity and reliability? What are the parts of the tools that you used? Are they adopted from another source? If yes, then cite properly. https://www.pinterest.ph/adelarsantana/evaluation/  Data Gathering Procedure Explain the steps you took in your experiment. What communications need were Methods or Procedures for given out? experimental designs Was there permission from certain Methodical manner describe the steps authorities? that were undertaken. How did you gather the data? How did you distribute and retrieve the questionnaires? How did you conduct the interview? How long did the data gathering last?  Treatment of Data Here you will indicate what types of data Describe how the data were summarized and summaries and analyses were employed to analyzed. answer each of the questions or hypotheses tested. Did you compute means? Did you simply use frequencies, ratios, percentages? Did you do statistical treatment? If yes, what? You should also indicate the statistical procedures used to analyze your results, including the probability level at which you determined significance (usually at 0.05 probability).  Ethical Consideration how risk management measures/strategies for participants, researchers and auxiliary personnel were adopted by the researcher how informants/participants were selected using non-discriminatory criteria and The following must be explicitly discussed in the processes (unless inclusion and exclusion paper: criteria are justifiable based on the nature of how anonymity and voluntary participation of the study) the informants/participants were respected how the findings of the study will be throughout the study (if disseminated to the beneficiaries. informants/participants opted for non- disclosure of identity) how confidentiality of information was insured (if informants/participants opted for non-disclosure of information)  Objective 1 Present the results of Introduce the graph/ table/ figure your study according to the sequence of your Present the table graph/ table/ figure objectives. Interpret the results Analysis of the results/ give implications Corroborations (+) / (-) Objective 2 Introduce the graph or table Present the table graph/ table/ figure Interpret the results Analysis of the results/ give implications Corroborations (+) / (-) Important negative results should be reported, too.  conclusion may be written with a separate subheading from the recommendations acceptable to have the conclusion and recommendations in one paragraph if the statements of the conclusion and recommendation warrant the need for continuity of thoughts. In formulating your conclusion, be guided by the following questions: What answer(s) have you found to your research question? If you have a hypothesis, has it been strengthened, weakened or falsified? Do not introduce issues here that have not been mentioned earlier. If the results of your study do not allow you to draw any conclusions, you can end with a summing up. Acknowledgement Acknowledge only those who have Each entity (person or agency) that you include here should be directly contributed to the study. enumerated in separate paragraphs. If there are technical consultants Be concise with your words of (technical advisers*, statistician, gratitude (not too flowery). English editors, etc.) who are not part Just state the entity you are thanking of the approval body, this is where you and their corresponding contributions. acknowledge them. Please do not forget to award If there are institutions or agencies certificates of appreciation to these entities you mentioned in this portion that gave financial support or grants, if they were unpaid. please include them here.  Element 1: The abstract has to start with a brief theme sentence to orient the reader about the over- all issue addressed in the article. The sentence should grab the reader’s attention. Element 2: The abstract should then indicate the This is the last part of the paper that is to be main aim or objective of the study. written. Element 3: The academic or practical importance of the study should be explained. The Abstract helps readers decide whether they want to read the rest of the paper, or it Element 4: The methodology used in the study may be the only part they can obtain via should be briefly described. electronic literature searches or in published Element 5: The main findings of the study should abstracts. be summarized. The abstract should NOT contain any figures, Element 6: A statement of conclusions should tables or in-text references, just normal text. indicate the contribution made by the study in filling gaps in the literature. In-text references may, however, be included Element 7: Finally, the practical implications of the when one is replicating a previous study and study’s findings should be highlighted where this is specifically mentioned in the abstract. appropriate. The recommendation may be included Don't use abbreviations in the abstract. only if it is necessary to emphasize the possible benefits or possible considerations for future studies. A technically sound paper means an ethically sound study.