Important Definitions of Gynecology and Obstetrics (PDF)

Definitions used in this course Dr. Noha Ahmed Fouad Lecturer of Physical Therapy Woman health department Academic year 2022-2023  OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture each student should be able to: 1- Differentiate between gynecology and obstet...

Definitions used in this course Dr. Noha Ahmed Fouad Lecturer of Physical Therapy Woman health department Academic year 2022-2023  OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture each student should be able to: 1- Differentiate between gynecology and obstetrics 2- Be aware of important obstetrical terms used 3- Be aware of important gynecological terms used  Physical therapy for gynecology and obstetrics Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.  Relating to the care and treatment of women in childbirth and during the period before and after delivery. Gynecology the branch of physiology and medicine which deals with the functions and diseases specific to women and girls, affecting the reproductive system.  A branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and routine physical care of the reproductive system of women. Pregnancy, also known as gravidity or gestation. One scientific term for the state of pregnancy is gravidity (Latin for "heavy" and a pregnant female is sometimes referred to as a gravida. Similarly, the term parity (abbreviated as "para") is used for the number of times a female carries a pregnancy past 20 weeks of gestation. Pregnancy is measured in trimesters from the first day of your last menstrual period, totaling 40 weeks and ends in childbirth (over nine lunar months), where each month is about 29½ days. When measured from conception (Conception is when the sperm fertilizes the egg.) it is about 38 weeks. How to calculate EDD expected date of delivery: First day of last menstrual cycle + 7 days + 9 months Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters.  The first trimester is from week one through week 12.  The second trimester is from week 13 through week 28. Around the middle of the second trimester, movement of the fetus may be felt. At 28 weeks, more than 90% of babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided high- quality medical care.  The third trimester is from 29 weeks through 40 weeks. A woman who has never been pregnant is referred to as a nulligravida. A woman who is (or has been only) pregnant for the first time is referred to as a primigravida and a woman in subsequent pregnancies as a multigravida or as multiparous. Therefore, during a second pregnancy a woman would be described as gravida 2, para 1 and upon live delivery as gravida 2, para 2. In-progress pregnancies, abortions, miscarriages and/ or stillbirths account for parity values being less than the gravida number. Gravida number and parity value are increased by one only. Women who have never carried a pregnancy achieving more than 20 weeks of gestation age are referred to as nulliparous A pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation resulting in a live-born infant is known as a "premature birth" or a "preterm birth". Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure. Preeclampsia usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in a woman whose blood pressure had been normal. Antenatal: before labour (period of pregnancy from day 1 pregnancy till birth). Intranatal:during labour ( from onset of labour till complete birth of baby and placenta ). Post natal: from day 1 after delivery till end of peurperium ( 40 days). Menarche: Menarche is the first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans. Menarche usually begins between the ages of 9–15, about two years after the onset of puberty. The average age of menarche is 12–13, but it can be normal for it to happen earlier or later  Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation — one or more missed menstrual periods. Women who have missed at least three menstrual periods in a row have amenorrhea, as do girls who haven't begun menstruation by age 15. Causes and risk factors for amenorrhea include: Obesity. Overactive thyroid gland. Having very low body fat (less than 15 to 17 percent body fat) Deficiency of leptin, a hormone that regulates appetite. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) Extreme emotional stress. Excessive exercise. Dysmenorrhea: also known as painful periods or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins. Menopause: is the time that marks the end of your menstrual cycles. It's diagnosed after you've gone 12 months without a menstrual period. Menopause can happen in your 40s or 50s. Endometriosis occurs when bits of the tissue that lines the uterus (endometrium) grow on other pelvic organs, such as the ovaries or fallopian tubes. Outside the uterus, endometrial tissue thickens and bleeds, just as the normal endometrium does during the menstrual cycle. Adenomyosis is a condition in which the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium) breaks through the muscle wall of the uterus (the myometrium).