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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the field of obstetrics?
What is the primary focus of the field of obstetrics?
- Diseases specific to women and girls
- The reproductive system of women and girls
- Pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (correct)
- The care and treatment of women in general
What is the term used to describe the number of times a female carries a pregnancy past 20 weeks of gestation?
What is the term used to describe the number of times a female carries a pregnancy past 20 weeks of gestation?
- Pregnancy
- Gravidity
- Gestation
- Parity (correct)
How is pregnancy typically divided?
How is pregnancy typically divided?
- Into four trimesters
- Into five trimesters
- Into three trimesters (correct)
- Into two trimesters
What is the approximate duration of each lunar month in pregnancy?
What is the approximate duration of each lunar month in pregnancy?
When is the movement of the fetus typically felt during pregnancy?
When is the movement of the fetus typically felt during pregnancy?
How is the expected date of delivery (EDD) calculated?
How is the expected date of delivery (EDD) calculated?
What is the term used to describe the state of pregnancy?
What is the term used to describe the state of pregnancy?
What is the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and routine physical care of the reproductive system of women?
What is the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and routine physical care of the reproductive system of women?
What is the percentage of babies that can survive outside of the uterus at 28 weeks with high-quality medical care?
What is the percentage of babies that can survive outside of the uterus at 28 weeks with high-quality medical care?
What is the term for a woman who has never carried a pregnancy achieving more than 20 weeks of gestation age?
What is the term for a woman who has never carried a pregnancy achieving more than 20 weeks of gestation age?
What is the term for a pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation resulting in a live-born infant?
What is the term for a pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation resulting in a live-born infant?
What is the period of pregnancy referred to as after 20 weeks of pregnancy in a woman whose blood pressure had been normal?
What is the period of pregnancy referred to as after 20 weeks of pregnancy in a woman whose blood pressure had been normal?
What is the term for the first menstrual cycle or first menstrual bleeding in female humans?
What is the term for the first menstrual cycle or first menstrual bleeding in female humans?
What is the average age of menarche?
What is the average age of menarche?
What is the term for the absence of menstruation, including one or more missed menstrual periods?
What is the term for the absence of menstruation, including one or more missed menstrual periods?
During a second pregnancy, how would a woman be described?
During a second pregnancy, how would a woman be described?
What is the minimum percentage of body fat required to maintain a regular menstrual cycle?
What is the minimum percentage of body fat required to maintain a regular menstrual cycle?
Which of the following is a common cause of dysmenorrhea?
Which of the following is a common cause of dysmenorrhea?
What is the primary difference between endometriosis and adenomyosis?
What is the primary difference between endometriosis and adenomyosis?
At what age can menopause typically occur?
At what age can menopause typically occur?
What is the primary function of leptin in relation to reproductive health?
What is the primary function of leptin in relation to reproductive health?
What is the minimum duration of amenorrhea required for a diagnosis of menopause?
What is the minimum duration of amenorrhea required for a diagnosis of menopause?
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Study Notes
Objectives
- Differentiate between gynecology and obstetrics
- Be aware of important obstetrical terms used
- Be aware of important gynecological terms used
Physical Therapy for Gynecology and Obstetrics
- Obstetrics: field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period
- Gynecology: branch of physiology and medicine dealing with functions and diseases specific to women and girls, affecting the reproductive system
Pregnancy and Related Terms
- Pregnancy: also known as gravidity or gestation
- Gravidity: state of pregnancy; a pregnant female is referred to as a gravida
- Parity: number of times a female carries a pregnancy past 20 weeks of gestation; abbreviated as "para"
- Pregnancy measured in trimesters from first day of last menstrual period, totaling 40 weeks
- Calculating EDD (expected date of delivery): first day of last menstrual cycle + 7 days + 9 months
- Trimesters:
- First trimester: week 1-12
- Second trimester: week 13-28
- Third trimester: week 29-40
- Nulligravida: woman who has never been pregnant
- Primigravida: woman pregnant for the first time
- Multigravida: woman in subsequent pregnancies
- Nulliparous: woman who has never carried a pregnancy achieving more than 20 weeks of gestation
Pregnancy Complications
- Premature birth: pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation resulting in a live-born infant
- Preeclampsia: pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure, usually beginning after 20 weeks of pregnancy
Antenatal, Intranatal, and Postnatal Periods
- Antenatal: period of pregnancy from day 1 till birth
- Intranatal: during labour (from onset of labour till complete birth of baby and placenta)
- Postnatal: from day 1 after delivery till end of puerperium (40 days)
Menarche and Amenorrhea
- Menarche: first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans
- Average age of menarche: 12-13 years
- Amenorrhea: absence of menstruation; one or more missed menstrual periods
- Causes and risk factors for amenorrhea:
- Obesity
- Overactive thyroid gland
- Low body fat
- Deficiency of leptin
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
- Extreme emotional stress
- Excessive exercise
Dysmenorrhea and Menopause
- Dysmenorrhea: painful periods or menstrual cramps, usually occurring around the time that menstruation begins
- Menopause: time that marks the end of menstrual cycles, diagnosed after 12 months without a menstrual period
Endometriosis and Adenomyosis
- Endometriosis: condition where bits of tissue that lines the uterus (endometrium) grow on other pelvic organs, such as ovaries or fallopian tubes
- Adenomyosis: condition where the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) breaks through the muscle wall of the uterus (myometrium)
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