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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the field of obstetrics?
What is the term used to describe the number of times a female carries a pregnancy past 20 weeks of gestation?
How is pregnancy typically divided?
What is the approximate duration of each lunar month in pregnancy?
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When is the movement of the fetus typically felt during pregnancy?
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How is the expected date of delivery (EDD) calculated?
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What is the term used to describe the state of pregnancy?
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What is the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and routine physical care of the reproductive system of women?
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What is the percentage of babies that can survive outside of the uterus at 28 weeks with high-quality medical care?
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What is the term for a woman who has never carried a pregnancy achieving more than 20 weeks of gestation age?
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What is the term for a pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation resulting in a live-born infant?
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What is the period of pregnancy referred to as after 20 weeks of pregnancy in a woman whose blood pressure had been normal?
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What is the term for the first menstrual cycle or first menstrual bleeding in female humans?
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What is the average age of menarche?
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What is the term for the absence of menstruation, including one or more missed menstrual periods?
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During a second pregnancy, how would a woman be described?
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What is the minimum percentage of body fat required to maintain a regular menstrual cycle?
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Which of the following is a common cause of dysmenorrhea?
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What is the primary difference between endometriosis and adenomyosis?
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At what age can menopause typically occur?
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What is the primary function of leptin in relation to reproductive health?
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What is the minimum duration of amenorrhea required for a diagnosis of menopause?
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Study Notes
Objectives
- Differentiate between gynecology and obstetrics
- Be aware of important obstetrical terms used
- Be aware of important gynecological terms used
Physical Therapy for Gynecology and Obstetrics
- Obstetrics: field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period
- Gynecology: branch of physiology and medicine dealing with functions and diseases specific to women and girls, affecting the reproductive system
Pregnancy and Related Terms
- Pregnancy: also known as gravidity or gestation
- Gravidity: state of pregnancy; a pregnant female is referred to as a gravida
- Parity: number of times a female carries a pregnancy past 20 weeks of gestation; abbreviated as "para"
- Pregnancy measured in trimesters from first day of last menstrual period, totaling 40 weeks
- Calculating EDD (expected date of delivery): first day of last menstrual cycle + 7 days + 9 months
- Trimesters:
- First trimester: week 1-12
- Second trimester: week 13-28
- Third trimester: week 29-40
- Nulligravida: woman who has never been pregnant
- Primigravida: woman pregnant for the first time
- Multigravida: woman in subsequent pregnancies
- Nulliparous: woman who has never carried a pregnancy achieving more than 20 weeks of gestation
Pregnancy Complications
- Premature birth: pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation resulting in a live-born infant
- Preeclampsia: pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure, usually beginning after 20 weeks of pregnancy
Antenatal, Intranatal, and Postnatal Periods
- Antenatal: period of pregnancy from day 1 till birth
- Intranatal: during labour (from onset of labour till complete birth of baby and placenta)
- Postnatal: from day 1 after delivery till end of puerperium (40 days)
Menarche and Amenorrhea
- Menarche: first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans
- Average age of menarche: 12-13 years
- Amenorrhea: absence of menstruation; one or more missed menstrual periods
- Causes and risk factors for amenorrhea:
- Obesity
- Overactive thyroid gland
- Low body fat
- Deficiency of leptin
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
- Extreme emotional stress
- Excessive exercise
Dysmenorrhea and Menopause
- Dysmenorrhea: painful periods or menstrual cramps, usually occurring around the time that menstruation begins
- Menopause: time that marks the end of menstrual cycles, diagnosed after 12 months without a menstrual period
Endometriosis and Adenomyosis
- Endometriosis: condition where bits of tissue that lines the uterus (endometrium) grow on other pelvic organs, such as ovaries or fallopian tubes
- Adenomyosis: condition where the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) breaks through the muscle wall of the uterus (myometrium)
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Description
This course introduces physical therapy in women's health, covering key terms and concepts in gynecology and obstetrics. Students learn to differentiate between the two fields and understand important terminology.
