WWI AQA Oxford Revision Guide PDF

## WWI AQA Oxford Revision Guide ### 4 of 45 ### Russia #### Government - In the early 1900s, Russia was ruled by Tsar Nicholas II, who had total power. He, and most Russians, believed he had been chosen to rule by God. - However, this system was becoming less popular and the Tsar was facing incre...

## WWI AQA Oxford Revision Guide ### 4 of 45 ### Russia #### Government - In the early 1900s, Russia was ruled by Tsar Nicholas II, who had total power. He, and most Russians, believed he had been chosen to rule by God. - However, this system was becoming less popular and the Tsar was facing increased opposition. #### Empire - Russia was the largest country in the world, although much of its eastern territory was too cold to live in or farm. - Its population was nearly 160 million and consisted of over 200 ethnic groups. - Russia had no overseas colonies but had taken control of neighbouring territory during the nineteenth century. #### Key issues - Around 85 per cent of the population lived in the countryside, where conditions were harsh. A poor harvest could mean the death of thousands. - People had very few rights or freedoms. Challenges to authority were dealt with brutally. - An elected parliament had been formed after riots in 1905, but the Tsar often simply rejected many of the laws that were passed. ### Austria-Hungary #### Government - Although both Austria and Hungary had their own parliaments, power was ultimately held by the emperor, Franz-Josef. Although he was quite popular, those around him were not. #### Empire - The union between Austria and Hungary had formed in 1867. - The empire consisted of many nationalities, cultures and languages, and some areas had begun to call for independence. #### Key issues - There were significant tensions between many of the ethnic groups with the empire. - With an unpopular government and an aging emperor, many saw the empire as being in decline. ### How far do you agree **a) Create a set of revision cards to summarise the position of the major European powers before the First World War. Include the following categories and any other facts that you think are relevant:** - System of government - Size of empire - Level of stability within the country. **b) Which nation do you think was in the best position should war break out? Explain your answer.** **c) 'In the early 1900s, Britain was the most powerful country in Europe.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.** ### Revision Skills - Creating revision cards can help consolidate your knowledge. On each card write a heading and the key facts linked to that heading. Use the cards to test yourself or get a friend to help you. ### Examiner Tip - Don't just focus on Britain's military strength. Think about other ways that Britain was powerful as well.