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### Blood - Liquid portion of blood is called *Plasma*: - Red blood cells: Erythrocytes (RBC) - White blood cells: Leukocytes (WBC) - Platelets: Thrombocytes ### Leukocytes - **Leukopenia**: abnormally low WBC count, Symptoms: sick longer than usual - **Leukocytosis**: abnormally...

### Blood - Liquid portion of blood is called *Plasma*: - Red blood cells: Erythrocytes (RBC) - White blood cells: Leukocytes (WBC) - Platelets: Thrombocytes ### Leukocytes - **Leukopenia**: abnormally low WBC count, Symptoms: sick longer than usual - **Leukocytosis**: abnormally high WBC count, symptom: something is really high - **WBC Leukocyte type** - Neutrophils: most common - Eosinophils: allergic reaction - Basophils: natural blood thinner ### Lymph nodes - Lymph nodes filter and trap viruses so WBC can kill them. ### Phlebitis & Thrombophlebitis - **Phlebitis**: inflammation of a vein, smooth, can see striation - **Thrombophlebitis**: inflammation of a vein due to a thrombus, chunky coagulation, pocket of blood ### Coagulation - Coagulation stops the bleeding. Ex. Bruises - you can see star-land of blood, it coagulates. ### Tonsils - 3 Tonsils when mouth opened: - Top: Palate - only one you can see - Sides: Pharyngeal, Palatine ### ABO Blood Group - Antigen creates antibodies in response to something to destroy it. - **A type**: A antigen, B antibody in plasma - **B type**: B antigen, A antibody in plasma - **AB type**: A & B antigen, No antibody in plasma - **O type**: No antigen, AB antibody in plasma - O is universal donor - AB is universal recipient - If A type is given, it creates anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the blood, causing blood clots. ### Red Blood Cell Disorder: Erythropenia (Anemia) - Low/abnormal number of RBC - reasons: not enough RBC, shape of cell - Symptoms: fatigue, weakness, faintness, headache. - Has tachycardia and tachypnea because they don't have enough RBC. ### Deficiency Anemia - **Pernicious anemia**: Vitamin B12 deficiency - Treatment: Give B12 injections - **Folate Deficiency anemia**: Vitamin B9 deficiency - Treatmeant: Give B9 - **Common: alcoholism, pregancies, malnutrition** - **Iron Deficiency anemia**: Not enough iron - Treatment: Give iron (oral) - tell them it can cause consumption but is bad. - Talk about diet changes if not enough oral intake. ### Charts **Note**: The chart is formatted as best as possible. Formatting limitations may make the chart look a little different, it will be easy to understand. | | Hypochromic (lighter/low Hb content) | Normocytic (normal) | Hyperchromic (darker/high Hb content) | |-------------|:-----------------------------------|:-------------------------|:------------------------------------| | **Iron Deficiency Anemic** | * Smaller size cell | | | | | Hypochromic RBCs (small size) | Normochromic RBCs (normal) | Hypochromic RBCs (large size) | | | Microcytic | Normocytic | Macrocytic | | **Pernicious anemia** | | | | | | | | * Huge/Big cell | | | | | Color