CAPS Grade 7 Social Sciences History: Inhabitants of the Cape in the 17th Century PDF

CAPS GRADE 7 SOCIAL SCIENCES HISTORY: Summary Sheet 10: Inhabitants of the Cape in the 17th century Before the Dutch arrived at th...

CAPS GRADE 7 SOCIAL SCIENCES HISTORY: Summary Sheet 10: Inhabitants of the Cape in the 17th century Before the Dutch arrived at the Cape there were three groups of people living there. Indigenous people People not indigenous to the Cape Indigenous: the first people on the land. 3. The Xhosa farmers who had come to the 1. The San hunter-gatherers Cape from Central Africa. 2. The Khoikhoi pastoralists 1 2 3 San Khoikhoi Xhosa Lifestyle Nomadic (moved Nomadic Settled farmers. around) Grew sorghum, maize, Pastoralists (kept herds melons Hunter-gatherers of cattle and sheep) (hunted for food and Still hunted for meat as collected plants from rarely killed own cattle. the wild) Collected plants from the wild. Tools made from… Wood and stone Iron and copper from Iron African traders Wealth and status No concept of either Wealth measured by Wealth measured by wealth or status. cattle. Different social cattle. Different social Everybody in the levels within society. levels within society community was equal Society arranged into and everything was groups, each under the shared. leadership of a Chief. Beliefs about land The land was there for The land was there for Land was allocated to everyone to share. It everyone to use. certain families by the should be treated with chief. However, these great respect. families did not own the land on which they farmed. Language, culture. Own language, culture Own language, culture Own language, culture and religion. Known for and religion. The Xhosa © CambriLearn – All Rights Reserved  CAPS GRADE 7 SOCIAL SCIENCES religion their rock art and their and religion. language adopted some amazing abilities to of the ‘clicks’ from the survive in harsh areas. San and Khoikhoi language. Conflict would arise when these groups CONFLICT were forced into competition for land and water by the arrival of the Europeans © CambriLearn – All Rights Reserved  CAPS GRADE 7 SOCIAL SCIENCES HISTORY: Summary Sheet 11: Slavery at the Cape The first shipment of slaves arrived at the Cape in 1658. Why did van Riebeeck ask the Dutch East India Company (DEIC) for slaves? He was establishing a permanent settlement at the Cape. The Khoikhoi did not want to work for the settlers. The Khoikhoi did not want to give up their nomadic lifestyle and become farm workers. The Khoikhoi population were being decimated by smallpox, introduced to the Cape by the settlers. Van Riebeeck did not want to have to pay wages. The Dutch were already involved in the slave trade. Between 1658 and 1807, more than 60 000 slaves were brought to the Cape. The slaves travelled in terrible conditions over distances as long as 10 000 km. These slaves came from countries in the East: Mozambique Madagascar Bavaria Ceylon India Indonesia It was easier for the DEIC to control shipments of slaves from the east as they dominated this sea route. They did not want to compete with the slave trade operating in the Atlantic. Where did the Cape slaves work? What were conditions like for a slave? On the Free Burgher farms as farm A slave was seen as the possession of the labourers owner. On the Huguenot vineyards A slave therefore had no rights. As artisans and craftsmen Any child born to a slave automatically As domestic servants became the property of the slave owner. A slave could not leave his/her place of work without having a permission slip The Cape slaves used both passive and active from the owner. resistance, just like the slaves on the American The slaves often became ill as they had no plantations. immunity to the diseases at the Cape. In 1690 there was a slave uprising at Stellenbosch. Slave housing was of a poor quality. In 1766, slaves rose up against the crew of the Harsh punishments were handed out to slaving ship, Meermin. the slaves. © CambriLearn – All Rights Reserved  CAPS GRADE 7 SOCIAL SCIENCES The legacy of the Cape slaves legacy: the ideas you leave behind after your lifetime Slaves brought Islam to the Cape. The Afrikaans language now contains words which come from Indonesia and the East. Slave labour developed the wine and fruit farms in the Cape. These farms are the backbone of the Cape economy today. Indonesia foods were introduced to the Cape. This type of food is now known as Cape Malay cooking. Many of the Cape “Coloured” people are the descendants of the Malay slaves. © CambriLearn – All Rights Reserved  CAPS GRADE 7 SOCIAL SCIENCES HISTORY: Summary Sheet 12: Free burghers, Huguenots and trekboers By the 1800s, the European population of the Cape had expanded to include Free burghers, Huguenots and trekboers. Hooray, a Free burghers farmer’s life burgher is the Dutch word for ‘citizen’. for me! First 11 free burghers released from their DEIC contracts in 1657. Given land along the Liesbeek River to farm. Did not have to pay tax for 12 years. Provided with farming tools, guns and ammunition. Not allowed to enslave the Khoikhoi. Had to sell their sell produce to the VOC. The Huguenots Huguenot: The name given to the people who came to the Cape to escape religious persecution in France. The DEIC offered to pay for these people to come to the Cape to help with the wine farms as they had experience making wine, brandy and vinegar. This plan was approved of by Simon van der Stel, the Cape governor. Settled in the area of Franschhoek. (“French corner”) The trekboers No more bossy DEIC! These were free burghers who moved away from the Cape to find better grazing for their cattle. They also wanted to get away from the rules of the DEIC. Strong Calvinists, who developed the Afrikaans language. Travelled in ox-wagons with their families. Their cattle and servants walked alongside. Moved north towards the Orange River Moved east towards the Fish River Took away the Returned once a year to trade at the Cape. grazing lands of Sold cattle, skins, soap and ivory for gunpowder, sugar, the Khoikhoi. coffee and tools. (dispossession) © CambriLearn – All Rights Reserved  CAPS GRADE 7 SOCIAL SCIENCES HISTORY: Summary Sheet 13: Genadendal mission, Wilhelm (William) Bleek and Lucy Lloyd Genadendal mission missionary: a person who travels to a foreign place in order tell the people there about the Christian religion mission station: the buildings set up by the missionary. The station usually included a church, a house and some other buildings. The mission was the first mission established in South Africa. It was established in 1738. It was started by Georg Schmidt, from the Moravian missionary society. Schmidt wanted to help the displaced Khoikhoi. Schmidt was helped by a Khoikhoi woman named Vehettge Tikhuie (renamed Magdalena by Schmidt). Schmidt stayed for seven years before returning to Europe. 1793, more missionaries returned to the site of the mission station. They found Vehettge Tikhuie continuing with the mission work. The missionaries helped Vehettge Tikhuie rebuild the station. They called it Genadendal which means ‘Valley of Grace’. Sometimes it is easier to remember facts if you write them as a silly poem or even a rap! Genadendal means ‘Valley of Grace’ 1738, Schmidt built that place. He set it up to help the Khoi, Vehettge helped him make it ‘mooi’. Vehettge continued with the teaching, When Schmidt was told to stop his preaching. Returning missionaries broke into song When they found Vehettge going strong. They rebuilt buildings, cleared dirt away and Genandendal still stands today! © CambriLearn – All Rights Reserved  CAPS GRADE 7 SOCIAL SCIENCES The work of Wilhelm (William) Bleek and Lucy Lloyd In 1870, Wilhelm Bleek and Lucy Lloyd started to learn the San language. They created a written version of this language. They recorded the stories, beliefs and customs of the San people. They wrote down interpretations of Rock Paintings. Their work made sure that the San language did not disappear forever. © CambriLearn – All Rights Reserved