Assessing Sectoral Performance: Basic Education, Welfare, and Solid Waste - PDF

Assessing Sectoral Performance Results focus on Basic Education, Welfare, and Solid Waste Collection and Disposal By: Nacua, Rohan Ace T. Sectoral performance assessment is crucial to understanding the effectiveness of public service delivery across various sectors....

Assessing Sectoral Performance Results focus on Basic Education, Welfare, and Solid Waste Collection and Disposal By: Nacua, Rohan Ace T. Sectoral performance assessment is crucial to understanding the effectiveness of public service delivery across various sectors. This report focuses on three essential sectors: basic education, welfare, and solid waste collection and disposal. The analysis revolves around the results achieved in these sectors and highlights the importance of performance-based assessments to improve service delivery. Assessing Sectoral Performance in Basic Education - A study on public education expenditure noted inefficiencies in how funds are allocated and used. For instance, despite having substantial budgets, there have been delays in textbook procurement, which impacts learning. Only a small number of textbooks have been procured since 2012 (World Bank). - The 2023 Philippine Business for Education (PBEd) report highlighted persistent challenges in student learning outcomes. Key concerns include low proficiency in literacy and numeracy, as well as gaps in teacher training and resources. Despite recent efforts to improve access to education, quality remains a significant issue, with many students still struggling to meet basic learning standards. Assessing Sectoral Performance in Welfare Services Health Services - Healthcare access is significantly better in urban areas compared to rural and remote regions. Major cities like Metro Manila have well-equipped hospitals and specialists, while rural areas face shortages of healthcare workers, medical facilities, and supplies. This results in long travel times and inadequate care for rural residents (Rural Health Information Hub). - The Department of Health (DOH), in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), recently launched the 2024-2028 National Integrated Cancer Control Program (NICCP). This strategic plan addresses the growing burden of cancer, which remains the second leading cause of mortality in the country. It emphasizes early detection, equitable access to cancer care, and financial assistance for treatment through the Cancer Assistance Fund and related programs​. Social Services - The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is focusing on expanding its programs to serve vulnerable populations better. Their 4Ps (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program) continue to be a central initiative, benefiting 4.3 million households. New grants, such as the First 1,000-Day Grant, aim to improve maternal and child health. The Social Pension (SocPen) for indigent senior citizens has also received increased funding to cover 4.85 million seniors​. Poverty Alleviation - The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) reports that poverty incidence dropped from 18.1% in 2021 to 15.5% in 2023, indicating progress in poverty alleviation. Solid Waste Collection and Disposal - The latest reports on solid waste management in the Philippines reveal several critical challenges in the sector's performance. The volume of solid waste generated in the country has steadily increased, reaching 16.63 million metric tons in 2020, and is projected to hit 19 million metric tons by 2030 (GMA Network, 2023). Despite efforts to improve solid waste collection, such as the establishment of Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs), only 39% of barangays had access to such facilities by 2021. Additionally, only 29% of local government units (LGUs) are serviced by sanitary landfills, further exacerbating the waste problem. Illegal dumpsites persist in some areas due to the limited availability of proper disposal facilities. - The situation is particularly dire in Metro Manila, where 15% of the waste generated ends up in waterways, contributing to pollution and flooding risks. Moreover, the transition between private contractors for waste collection in cities like Parañaque has led to inefficiencies, with significant reductions in the volume of waste collected​ (Philstar, 2023). References DOH, WHO launch 2024-2028 National Integrated Cancer Control Program (NICCP) Strategic Framework. (2024, February 14). Www.who.int. https://www.who.int/philippines/news/detail/14-02-2024-doh--who-launch-2024-2028-national-integrated- cancer-control-program-(niccp)-strategic-framework News, L. T. P., GMA Integrated. (2023, May 12). COA: Increasing PH solid waste production to hit 19 million metric tons by 2030. GMA News Online. https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/869854/coa-increasing-ph-solid-waste- production-to-hit-19-million-metric-tons-by-2030/story/ Philippine Business for Education. (2023, June 2). State of Philippine Education Report 2023. PBEd. https://pbed.ph/blogs/47/PBEd/State%20of%20Philippine%20Education%20Report%202023 World Bank. (n.d.). Assessing Basic Education Service Delivery in the Philippines: Public Education Expenditure Tracking and Quantitative Service Delivery Study. World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines/publication/assessing-basic-education-service-delivery-in-the- philippines-public-education-expenditure-tracking-and-quantitative-service-delivery-study  Assessing Sectoral Performance: Health Kyle Androwe Aniñon The Health Care System of the Philippines Delivering services means providing effective, safe, quality personal and non-personal health interventions to those that need them, when and where needed, with a minimum waste of resource. The health sector area has proven to be very weak and neglected. Some nurses and other health professionals were treated as commodities when the country planned to offer these workers to take up jobs in Britain and Germany in exchange for vaccines. Scores of healthcare workers also protested several times to demand an end to what they called government neglect and unpaid benefits. Cordero DA Jr. An Evaluation of the Philippine Healthcare System: Preparing for a Robust Public Health in the Future. J Prev Med Public Health. 2022 The Philippine healthcare system is shared between the public and private sectors – Hence, there is a also a shared challenges. Despite having achieved universal healthcare, the Philippines still struggles with unequal access to medical care. As such, the standard of public healthcare in the Philippines generally varies from excellent in urban centres to poor in rural areas. In the last decade, the Department of Health (DOH) has issued policies on healthcare quality. The National Framework for Quality of Health of the DOH (Administrative Order no. 2010-0007) provides the basis to improve healthcare quality through institutionalization of licensing and accreditation of health facilities, improvement of local clinical practice by doing medical audits, adverse and sentinel events monitoring, and mechanism for feedback and corrective action. While the policy has been in place for almost a decade, it only serves as a broad principle and does not provide specific strategy  Universal Health Care Act of 2019 The Universal Health Care (UHC) Act of 2019 reinforces the needed reforms to improve Healthcare quality. The UHC Act guarantees all Filipinos access to affordable and high quality care that is responsive to their needs and preferences. The progressive realization of the UHC is enshrined in the major investment programs and plans, such as the benefit expansion Plan of PhilHealth, and the Human Resources for Health Deployment Program (HRHDP) and Health Facilities Enhancement Program (HFEP) of the DOH PhilHealth Konsultasyong Sulit Tama (Konsulta) is a comprehensive outpatient benefits as mandated by the Universal Health Care Law Whereas Filipinos are entitled to get registered for Konsulta Package that covers their medicine and consultations. By 2024, P1,700 is the allotted budget per person.  The Triad Structure In assessing the state of healthcare quality in hospitals and health care system the classic framework of Donabedian (1998) with refinements by the United States Institute of Medicine in 2001 and by the Committee on Improving the Quality of Health Care Globally in 2018 (Donabedian, 1988; Institute of Medicine, 2001; OECD & World Health Organization, 2019; WHO, 2018).  Assessing Sectoral Performance: Local and Municipal Health Services Local and Municipal Health Services The Philippines decentralized government health services through devolution to local governments in 1992. Over the years, opinions varied on the impact of devolved governance to decision-making for local health services. Health devolution in the Philippines was primarily aimed at achieving efficiency and effectiveness of health service delivery through reallocation of decision-making capability and resources to the LGUs (Grundy et al. 2003; Galvez-Tan et al. 2010). Issues on mismatch between local government fiscal capacity and devolved functions, fragmentation of health system, existence of two-track delivery system, and unclear expenditure assignments, among others inevitably creates inefficiency. Moreover, there are other factors (e.g., elite capture, rent-seeking interests, and corruption) that also affect efficiency of health service delivery. These issues should be addressed to fully reap the potential benefits, particularly efficiency gains from fiscal decentralization (or health devolution). The passage of the Universal Health Care Act (UHCA) of 2019 addresses the issue of fragmentation of health system as it stipulates the integration of local health systems such as health offices, facilities, and services, human resources, and other operations relating to health under LGUs’ management, into province-wide health systems and city-wide health systems. The integrated health systems should be linked to at least one apex or end referral hospital. As specified in Section 17.2 of the UHCA Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), the DOH shall endeavor to contract province- wide and city-wide health systems through a legal instrument to ensure shared responsibilities and accountabilities among members of the health system for the delivery of population- based health services. Factors affecting Local and Municipal Health Services 1. Limited Funding and Resources 2. Shortage of Healthcare Workers 3.Inadequate Health Infrastructure 4.Limited Access to Medicines and Equipment 5. Poor Health Data and Information Systems Assessing Sectoral Performance (Infrastructure) Lawag, Kiezza Ken Infrastructure Basic physical and organizational structures and facilities. Infrastructure projects may be funded publicly, privately or through public-private partnerships. In the Philippines, the infrastructure sector is a key investment area that has the potential to facilitate the development of other sectors. For 2008-2016, public infrastructure spending as a share of GDP ranged from 1.40%12 to 5.14%. Components of the Philippine Infrastructure Sector Hard and Visible Infrastructure : It includes roads, railways, electricity, and telecommunications. Soft Component: It includes policies and regulations https://boi.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Infrastructure-January-2018.pdf CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE (CI) https://etn-peter.eu/2021/04/06/basics-of-any-critical-infrastructure/  Tools for Assessing Sectoral Performance Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Infrastructure Investment: Public infrastructure investment in the Philippines has been consistently on the rise, with a notable increase from an average of 3% of GDP during 2011-2016 to over 5% in 2018. As of 2024, according to the National Economic and Development Authority (Neda) website, the number of infrastructure flagship projects in the country has hit 186, 74 of which are under the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and 69 under the Department of Transportation (DOTr). Infrastructure Quality: In the Philippines infrastructure development has remained a priority through the “Build, Build, Build” program and now the “Build Better More” program. However, In 2016-2017 data of the Global Infrastructure Competitiveness Ranking of ASEAN Economies it ranks 106th out of 138 countries in the Quality of roads, 113th in the Quality of port infrastructure, 116th in the air transport infrastructure, 65th in mobile cellular connectivity, and 94th in the Quality of electricity supply. And 95th in the overall ranking. Source:https://globalnation.inquirer.net/253380/ph-infra-61st-out-of-67-countries-in-2024  Tools for Assessing Sectoral Performance Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Infrastructure Completion: On flood management, DPWH has increased the protected flood-prone areas through construction of flood management structures to 18.33% out of the total 717,524 km identified flood-prone areas nationwide in 2015. DPWH has implemented a total of 1,295 flood control projects in 2015 alone. In terms of energy, the Philippines’ total installed capacity grew 4.6% from 17,944 megawatts (MW) in 2014 to 18,765 MW in 2015. Further, power generation grew by 6.7% equivalent to 5,152 gigawatthour (GWh). With regard to costs, the Philippines remains to have high electricity rates, which was ranked 3 rd most expensive electricity in ASEAN Source: Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017 of the World Economic Forum  Tools for Assessing Sectoral Performance Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Examines the social and community impacts of infrastructure projects, including job creation, displacement, and changes in living standards. In the Philippines, infrastructure investment serves as a powerful tool for policy makers to stimulate growth and reduce inequality, offering measurable economic impacts for every dollar spent. For instance, the Philippine government’s digital transformation strategy help improve the nation’s digital infrastructure and opened an avenue for the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry. It created jobs for Filipinos during the pandemic and in 2022, generating 32.5 billion dollars in revenue, according to the IT and Business Process Management Association of the Philippines. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/philippines-information-and-communications-technology  Tools for Assessing Sectoral Performance Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Assesses the potential environmental impacts of infrastructure projects to ensure sustainability and compliance with environmental regulations. In the Philippines, the EIA process is governed by the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PEISS), established under Presidential Decree No. 1586. The DENR's Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) is the primary government agency responsible for reviewing and approving Environmental Compliance Certificates (ECCs). However, the New Manila International Airport proposed by the San Miguel Corporation underwent EIA and obtained ICC in 2021 despite the citizen’s complaints of substantial environmental implications of increasing flooding and geohazards as it reclaimed the 2,500 hectares in Manila Bay. Furthermore, The Philippine Green Building Code or GB Code was first launched in 2015 by the DPWH with assistance from the World Bank-IFC and the support of the Philippine Green Building Initiative (PGBI). The GB code is currently being applied to “green cities” including Puerto Princesa City, Makati City, Taguig City, and Davao City among others. Part of these include an NCR-wide clean and green campaign launched in 2021 that aims to promote proper waste management by reducing, reusing, and recycling. They also want to reinforce the practice of growing plants and trees in open spaces to improve air quality. Also, the DPWH has also made mandatory tree planting a part of their Environmental Sustainability Programs for flood control projects. https://pinoybuilders.ph/sustainability-and-infrastructure-measures-taken-by-the-dpwh-to-support-sustainability/  Tools for Assessing Sectoral Performance Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) It includes infrastructure as one of the pillars of competitiveness, assessing its impact on economic growth and development and measures the overall quality and efficiency of a country's infrastructure. In the International Institute for Management Development’s (IMD) World Competitiveness Ranking, the Philippines’ infrastructure is 61 out of 67 countries in 2024. The Philippines’ overall infrastructure position dropped by three spots from its previous ranking of 58th in 2023. Source:https://globalnation.inquirer.net/253380/ph-infra-61st-out-of-67-countries-in-2024 The Significant Role of Salient Infrastructure Services Economic growth: Well-developed infrastructure facilitates trade, commerce, and investment, driving economic growth. Quality of life: Efficient infrastructure improves people's daily lives by providing reliable services and reducing travel time. Environmental sustainability: Sustainable infrastructure can help mitigate climate change and protect the environment. Social equity: Access to quality infrastructure can reduce inequality and improve social well-being. “A rising tide doesn't raise people who don't have a boat. We have to build the boat for them. We have to give them the basic infrastructure to rise with the tide.” - Rahul Gandhi Thank you!  Traditional Public Services: In-person, paperwork-heavy, and time-consuming. Shift to Digital Public Services: Online applications, websites, and mobile apps began replacing in-person processes. Virtual Public Services: More immersive and interactive, using AI, chatbots, video consultations, and real- time communication.  Telehealth for Rural Areas: Remote consultations to improve healthcare access in areas with few healthcare facilities. E-Learning and Virtual Classrooms: Providing educational resources and virtual classrooms to students in remote areas. Online Legal and Civic Support: Platforms for legal advice, voter registration, and civic support accessible o