Prime Elements in Power Amp Industrial Plant Engineering PDF

TABLE OF CONTENTS: CHAPTER 1 THERMODYNAMICS CHAPTER 2 FUELS & COMBUSTION CHAPTER 3 DIESEL POWER PLANT CHAPTER 4 GAS TURBINE CHAPTER 5 STEAM POWER PLANT CHAPTER 6 GEOTHERMAL & NON CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS CHAPTER 7 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CHAPTER 8 BOILERS CHAPTER 9 HYDROELE...

TABLE OF CONTENTS: CHAPTER 1 THERMODYNAMICS CHAPTER 2 FUELS & COMBUSTION CHAPTER 3 DIESEL POWER PLANT CHAPTER 4 GAS TURBINE CHAPTER 5 STEAM POWER PLANT CHAPTER 6 GEOTHERMAL & NON CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS CHAPTER 7 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CHAPTER 8 BOILERS CHAPTER 9 HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT CHAPTER 10 VARIABLE LOAD PROBLEMS & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CHAPTER 11 FLUID MECHANICS CHAPTER 12 FLUID MACHINERIES CHAPTER 13 HEAT TRANSFER CHAPTER 14 REFRIGERATION CHAPTER 15 AIR CONDITIONING CHAPTER 16 MACHINE FOUNDATION & CHIMNEY CHAPTER 17 INSTRUMENTATION CHAPTER 18 BASIC EE CHAPTER 19 LATEST BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS  CHAPTER 1 THERMODYNAMICS 1. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Enthalpy of an ideal gas is a function only of ___________. A. entropy B. internal energy C. temperature D. pressure Answer: C 2. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following is the most efficient thermodynamic cycle? A. Brayton B. Otto C. Carnot D. Diesel Answer: C 3. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the first law of thermodynamics? A. internal energy is due to molecular motions B. entropy of the universe is increased by irreversible processes C. energy can neither be crated nor destroyed D. heat energy cannot be completely transformed into work Answer: C 4. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION An ideal gas is compressed isothermally, what is the enthalpy change? A. always negative B. always positive C. zero D. undefined Answer: C 5. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Name the process that has no heat transfer.  A. isothermal B. isobaric C. Polytropic D. adiabatic Answer: D 6. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION An ideal gas is compressed in a cylinder so well insulated that there is essentially no heat transfer. The temperature of the gas A. decreases B. increases C. remain constant D. is zero Answer: B 7. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the SI unit of pressure? 𝑘𝑔 A. 𝑐𝑚2 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠 B. 𝑐𝑚2 C. Pascal D. Psi Answer: C 8. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The equation 𝐶𝑝 = 𝐶𝑣 + R applies to which of the following? A. enthalpy B. ideal gas C. two phase state D. all pure substances Answer: B 9. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION In the flow process, neglecting kinetic and potential energies, the integral of Vdp represents what? A. heat transfer  B. flow energy C. enthalpy change D. shaft work Answer: D 10. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Mechanical energy of pressure transformed into energy of heat. A. kinetic energy B. enthalpy C. heat exchanger D. heat of compression Answer: B 11. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The theory of changing heat into mechanical work. A. thermodynamics B. kinematics C. inertia D. kinetics Answer: A 12. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Average pressure on a surface when a changing pressure condition exist. A. back pressure B. partial pressure C. pressure drop D. mean effective pressure Answer: D 13. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following cycles consists two isothermal and two constant volume processes? A. diesel cycle B. Ericson cycle C. Stirling cycle D. Otto cycle Answer: C 14. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A control volume refers to what? A. a fixed region in space B. a reversible process C. an isolated system D. a specified mass Answer: A 15. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION In the polytropic process, 𝑃𝑉 𝑛 = constant, if the value of n is infinitely large, the process is A. isobaric B. isometric C. isothermal D. polytropic Answer: B 16. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION If the temperature is held constant and the pressure is increased beyond the saturation pressure, then the working medium must be: A. compressed liquid B. sub cooled liquid C. saturated vapour D. saturated liquid Answer: A 17. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Is one whose temperature is below the saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure. A. super heated vapor B. wet vapor C. sub cooled liquid D. saturated liquid Answer: C 18. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Number of molecules in a mole of any substance is a constant called __________. A. Rankine constant  B. Avogadro’s number C. Otto cycle D. Thompson constant Answer: B 19. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION If the pressure of a gas is constant the volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. A. Boyle’s law B. Joule’s law C. Charle’s law D. Kelvin’s law Answer: C 20. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom or the number of electrons in the orbit of an atom. A. atomic volume B. atomic number C. atomic weight D. atomic mass Answer: B 21. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION In a P-T diagram of a pure substance, the curve separating the solid phase from the liquid phase is: A. vaporization curve B. fusion curve C. boiling point D. sublimation point Answer: B 22. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A water temperature of 18 °F in the water cooled condenser is equivalent in °C to ________. A. 7.78 B. 10 C. 263.56 D. -9.44  Answer: B 23. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The latent heat of vaporization in joules per kg is equal to _________. A.5.4x102 B.4.13x10³ C.22.6x105 D.3.35x105 Answer: C 24. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Form of energy associated with the kinetic energy of the random motion of large number of molecules. A. internal energy B. kinetic energy C. heat of fusion D. heat Answer: D 25. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION If the temperature is held constant and the pressure is increased beyond the saturation pressure, then the working medium must be: A. saturated vapor B. compressed liquid C. saturated liquid D. sub cooled liquid Answer: B 26. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Is the condition of pressure and temperature at which a liquid and its vapor are indistinguishable. A. critical point B. dew point C. absolute humidity D. relative humidity Answer: A 27. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION  When a substance in gaseous state is below the critical temperature, it is called ___________. A. vapor B. cloud C. moisture D. steam Answer: A 28. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Super heated vapour behaves A. just as gas B. just as steam C. just as ordinary vapor D. approximately as gas Answer: D 29. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following provides the basis for measuring thermodynamic property of temperature? A. zeroth law of thermodynamics B. first law of thermodynamics C. second law of thermodynamics D. third law of thermodynamics Answer: A 30. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following is commonly used as liquid absorbent? A. silica gel B. activated alumina C. ethylene glycol D. none of these Answer: C 31. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Mechanism designed to lower the temperature of air passing through it. A. air cooler B. air defense C. air spill ove  D. air cycle Answer: A 32. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A device for measuring the velocity of wind. A. aneroid barometer B. anemometer C. anemoscope D. anemograph Answer: B 33. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Heat normally flowing from a high temperature body to a low temperature body where in it is impossible to convert heat with out other effects. A. first law of thermodynamics B. second law of thermodynamics C. third law of thermodynamics D. zeroth law of thermodynamics Answer: B 34. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The temperature at which its vapour pressure is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid. A. absolute humidity B. calorimeter C. boiling point D. thermal point Answer: C 35. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A nozzle is used to A. increase velocity and decrease pressure B. decrease velocity as well as pressure C. increase velocity as well as pressure D. decrease velocity and increase pressure Answer: A 36. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION  The sum of energies of all the molecules in a system where energies appear in several complex form. A. kinetic energy B. potential energy C. internal energy D. frictional energy Answer: C 37. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The total energy in a compressible or incompressible fluid flowing across any section in a pipeline is a function of A. pressure and velocity B. pressure, density and velocity C. pressure, density, velocity and viscosity D. flow energy, kinetic energy, height above datum and internal energy Answer: D 38. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of some standard substance. A. relative density B. specific gravity C. specific density D. relative gravity Answer: B 39. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Is one whose pressure is higher than the saturation pressure corresponding to its temperature. A. compressed liquid B. saturated liquid C. saturated vapor D. super heated vapor Answer: A 40. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The changing of solid directly to vapour without passing through the liquid state is called. A. evaporation B. vaporation  C. sublimation D. condensation Answer: C 41. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Weight per unit volume is termed as __________. A. specific gravity B. density C. weight density D. specific volume Answer: C 42. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the SI unit of force? A. pound B. Newton C. Kilogram D. Dyne Answer: B 43. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The volume of fluid passing a cross-section of steam in unit time. A. steady flow B. uniform flow C. discharge D. Dyne Answer: B 44. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What equation applies in the first law of thermodynamics for an ideal gas in a reversible open steady-state system? A. Q – W = 𝑈2 - 𝑈1 B. Q + VdP = 𝐻2 - 𝐻1 C. Q – VdP = 𝑈2 - 𝑈1 D. Q – PdV = 𝐻2 - 𝐻1 Answer: B 45. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A pressure of 1 millibar is equivalent to  𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠 A. 1000 𝑐𝑚2 B. 1000 cm of Hg C. 1000 psi 𝑘𝑔 D.1000 𝑐𝑚2 Answer: A 46. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION When a system deviates infinitesimally from equilibrium at every instant of its state, it is undergoing: A. isobaric process B. quasi-static process C. isometric process D. cyclic process Answer: B 47. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the force which tends to draw a body toward the center about which it is rotating? A. centrifugal force B. centrifugal in motion C. centrifugal in advance D. centripetal force Answer: D 48. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the process that has no heat transfer? A. reversible isometric B. isothermal C. polytropic D. adiabatic Answer: D 49. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the engine is used for fighter bombers? A. turbojet  B. pulse jet C. rockets D. ramjet Answer: A 50. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Exhaust gases from an engine posses: A. solar energy B. kinetic energy C. chemical energy D. stored energy Answer: B 51. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION At critical point the latent enthalpy of vaporization is A. temperature dependent B. zero C. minimum D. maximum Answer: B 52. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the force which tends to draw a body toward the center about which it is rotating? A. centrifugal force B. centrifugal in motion C. centrifugal advance D. centripetal force Answer: D 53. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION When a system deviates infinitesimally from equilibrium at every instant of its state, it is undergoing A. isobaric process B. quasi – static process C. isometric process D. cyclic process Answer: B 54. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A pressure of 1 millibar is equivalent to A. 1000 dynes/cm² B. 1000 cm of Hg C. 1000 psi D. 1000 kg/cm² Answer: A 55. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Work done per unit charge when charged is moved from one point to another. A. equipotential surface B. potential at a point C. electro static point D. potential difference Answer: B 56. How many independent properties are required to completely fix the equilibrium state of a pure gaseous compound? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Answer: B 57. Which of the following relations defines enthalpy? A. h = u + p/T B. h = u +pV C. h = u + p/V D. h = pV + T Answer: B 58. Which of the following is true for water at a reference temperature where enthalpy is zero? A. internal energy is negative B. entropy is non - zero C. specific volume is zero D. vapour pressure is zero  Answer: A 59. On what plane is the Mollier diagram plotted A. p - V B. p - T C. h - s D. h - u Answer: C 60. The compressibility factor z, is used for predicting the behaviour of non – ideal gasses. How is the compressibility factor defined relative to an ideal gas? (subscript c refers to critical value) A. z = P/𝑃𝑐 B. z = PV/RT C. z = T/𝑇𝐶 D. z = (T/𝑇𝑐 ) ( 𝑃𝑐 /P) Answer: B 61. How is the quality x of a liquid – vapour mixture defined? A. the fraction of the total volume that is saturated vapor B. the fraction of the total volume that is saturated liquid C. the fraction of the total mass that is saturated vapor D. the fraction of the total mass that is saturated liquid Answer: C 62. What is the expression for heat of vaporization? A. ℎ𝑔 B. ℎ𝑓 C ℎ𝑔 - ℎ𝑓 D. ℎ𝑓 - ℎ𝑔 Answer: C 63. What is the value of the work done for a closed, reversible, isometric system? A. zero B. positive C. negative D. indeterminate Answer: A 64. What is the equation for the done by a constant temperature system? A. W = mRT ln (𝑉2 - 𝑉2 ) B. W = mRT (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) ln (𝑉2 / 𝑉1 ) C. W = MRT ln (𝑉2 /𝑉1) D. W = RT ln (𝑉2 /𝑉1) Answer: C 65. What is the true about the polytropic exponent n for a perfect gas undergoing an isobaric process? A. n > 0 B. n < 0 C. n = ∞ D. n = 0 Answer: D 66. How does an adiabatic process compare to an isentropic process? A. adiabatic: heat transfer = 0, isentropic: heat transfer = 0 B. adiabatic: heat transfer = 0, isentropic: heat transfer = 0 C. adiabatic: reversible, isentropic: not reversible D. both: heat transfer = 0; isentropic: reversible Answer: D 67. During an adiabatic, internally reversible process, what is true about the change in entropy? A. it is always zero B. it is always less than zero C. it is always greater than zero D. it is temperature - dependent Answer: A 68. For an irreversible process, what is true about the change in entropy of the system and surroundings? 𝑑𝑞 A. ds = 𝑑𝑡 B. ds = 0 C. ds > 0 D. ds < 0  Answer: C 69. For which type of process does the equation dQ = Tds hold? A. irreversible B. reversible C. isobaric D. isothermal Answer: B 70. Which of the following is true for any process? A. ∆S (surrounding) + ∆ (system) > 0 B. ∆S (surrounding) + ∆ (system) < 0 C. ∆S (surrounding) + ∆ (system) ≤ 0 D. ∆S (surrounding) + ∆ (system) ≥ 0 Answer: D 71. Which of the following thermodynamic cycle is the most efficient? A. Brayton B. Rankine C. Carnot D. Otto Answer: C 72. The ideal reversible Carnot cycle involves four basic processes. What type of processes are they? A. all isothermal B. all adiabatic C. all isentropic D. two isothermal and two isentropic Answer: D 73. What is the temperature difference of the cycle if the entropy difference is ∆S, and the work done is W? A. W - ∆S B. W / ∆S C. ∆S / W D. ∆S - W  Answer: B 74. Which of the following is not an advantage of a superheated, closed Rankine cycle over an open Rankine cycle? A. lower equipment cost B. increased efficiency C. increased turbine life D. increased boiler life Answer: D 75. Which of the following statements regarding Rankine cycle is not true? A. use of a condensable vapour in the cycle increases the efficiency of the cycle B. the temperatures at which energy is transferred to and from the working liquid are less separated than in a Carnot cycle, C. super heating increases the efficiency of a Rankine cycle D. in practical terms, the susceptibility of the engine materials to corrosion is not a key limitation on the operating efficiency. Answer: D 76. Which one of the following is standard temperature and pressure (STP) A. 0 K and 1atm pressure B. 0 F and zero pressure C. 32 F and zero pressure D. 0 ℃ and 1atm pressure Answer: D 77. A substance is oxidized when which of the following occurs? A. it turns red B. it loses electrons C. it gives off heat D. it absorbs energy Answer: B 78. Which of the following is not a unit of pressure? A. Pa 𝑘𝑔 B. 𝑚−𝑠 C. bars  𝑘𝑔 D. 𝑚2 Answer: B 79. Which of the following is the definition of Joule? A. Newton meter 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 B. 𝑠2 C. unit of power D. rate of change of energy Answer: A 80. Which of the following is the basis for Bernoulli’s law for fluid flow? A. the principle of conservation of mass B. the principle of conservation of energy C. the continuity equation D. Fourier’s law Answer: B 81. Equation of state for a single component can be any of the following except: A. the ideal gas law B. any relationship interrelating 3 or more state functions C. relationship mathematically interrelating thermodynamic properties of the material D. a mathematical expression defining a path between states Answer: D 82. The state of a thermodynamic system is always defined by its: A. absolute temperature B. process C. properties D. temperature and pressure Answer: C 83. In any non quasi – static thermodynamic process, the overall entropy of an isolated system will A. increase and then decrease B. decrease and then increase C. increase only D. decrease only  Answer: C 84. Entropy is the measure of : A. the internal energy of a gas B. the heat capacity of a substance C. randomness or disorder D. the change of enthalpy Answer: C 85. Which of the following statements about entropy is false? A. entropy of mixture is greater than that of its components under the same condition B. an irreversible process increases entropy of the universe C. net entropy change in any closed cycle is zero D. entropy of a crystal at 0 ℉ is zero Answer: D 86. Work or energy can be a function of all of the following except : A. force and distance B. power and time C. force and time D. temperature and entropy Answer: C 87. Energy changes are represented by all except which one of the following: A. m𝐶𝑝 dt B. - ∫ VdP C. Tds - PdV 𝑑𝑄 D. 𝑇 Answer: D 88. U + pV is a quantity called : A. shaft work B. entropy C. enthalpy D. internal energy Answer: C 89. In flow process, neglecting KE and PE changes, ∫ vdP represents which item below? A. heat transfer B. shaft work C. enthalpy change D. closed system work Answer: B 90. Power, may be expressed in units of A. ft - lb B. Kw - hr C. Btu 𝐵𝑡𝑢 D. ℎ𝑟 Answer: D 91. Equilibrium condition exist in all except which of the following? A. in reversible process B. in processes where driving forces are infinitesimals C. in a steady state flow process D. where nothing can occur without an effect on the system’s surrounding Answer: C 92. In a closed system (with a moving boundary) which of the following represents work done during an isothermal process? A. W = 0 B. W = P (𝑉2 − 𝑉1 ) 𝑉 C. W = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛 𝑉2 1 𝑃2 𝑉2 − 𝑃1 𝑉1 D. W = 1−𝑛 Answer: C 93. A substance that exist, or is regarded as existing, as a continuoum characterized by a lo w resistance to flow and the tendency to assume the shape of its container. A. fluid B. atom C. molecule D. vapor  Answer: A 94. A substance that is homogenous in composition and homogenous and invariable in chemical aggregation. A. pure substance B. simple substance C. vapor D. water Answer: A 95. A substance whose state is defined by variable intensive thermodynamic properties. A. pure substance B. simple substance C. vapor D. water Answer: B 96. A system in which there is no exchange of matter with the surrounding or mass does not cross its boundaries. A. open system B. closed system C. isolated system D. non flow system Answer: B 97. A system that is completely impervious to its surrounding or neither mass nor energy cross its boundaries. A. open system B. closed system C. isolated system D. non flow system Answer: C 98. A system in which there is a flow of mass across its boundaries. A. open system B. closed system C. isolated system D. non flow system  Answer: A 99. The properties that are dependent upon the mass of the system and are total values such as total volume and total internal energy. A. intensive properties B. extensive properties C. specific properties D. state properties Answer: B 100. The properties that are independent of the mass of the system such as temperature, pressure, density and voltage. A. intensive properties B. extensive properties C. specific properties D. state properties Answer: A 101. The properties for a unit mass and are intensive by definition such as specific volume. A. intensive properties B. extensive properties C. specific properties D. thermodynamic properties Answer: C 102. The condition as identified through the properties of the substance, generally defined by particular values of any two independent properties. A. state B. point C. process D. flow Answer: A 103. The only base unit with a prefix kilo is A. kilogram B. kilo meter C. kilo Joule  D. kilo Pascal Answer: A 104. The force gravity on a body. A. weight B. specific gravity C. attraction D. mass Answer: A 105. The mass per unit volume of any substance. A. density B. specific volume C. specific weight D. specific gravity Answer: A 106. The force of gravity on unit volume is A. density B. specific volume C. specific weight D. specific gravity Answer: A 107. The reciprocal of density is A. specific volume B. specific weight C. specific gravity D. specific heat Answer: A 108. Avogadro’s number a fundamental constant of nature, is the number of molecules in a gram – mole. This constant is A. 6.05222x1023 B. 6.02252x1023 C. 6.20522x1023 D. 6.50222x1023  Answer: B 109. The ratio of the gas constant to Avogadro’s number is : A. Maxwell’s constant B. Boltzmann’z constant C. Napier’s constant D. Joule’s constant Answer: B 110. The absolute zero on the Fahrenheit scale is at A. -459.7 ℉ B. 459.7 ℉ C. -273.15 ℃ D. 273.15 ℃ Answer: A 111. Absolute temperature on the Fahrenheit scale are called: A. degrees Rankine B. degrees Kelvin C. absolute Fahrenheit D. absolute Celsius Answer: C 112. The absolute zero on the Celsius scale is at A. -459.7 ℉ B. 459.7 ℉ C. -273.15 ℃ D. 273.15 ℃ Answer: C 113. What is the absolute temperature in Celsius scale? A. degrees Rankine B. degrees Kelvin C. absolute Fahrenheit D. absolute Celsius Answer: B 114. The Fahrenheit scale was introduced by Gabriel Fahrenheit of Amsterdam, Holland in what year? A. 1592 B. 1742 C. 1730 D. 1720 Answer: D 115. The centigrade scale was introduced by Celsius in what year? A. 1542 B. 1740 C. 1730 D. 1720 Answer: B 116. The national Bureau of standards uses, among others, the liquid – vapour equilibrium of hydrogen at A. -196 ℃ B. 196 ℃ C. 253 ℃ D. -253 ℃ Answer: D 117. The national Bureau of standards uses, among others, the liquid – vapour equilibrium of nitrogen at A. -196 ℃ B. 196 ℃ C. 253 ℃ D. -253 ℃ Answer: A 118. The liquid – vapour equilibrium of oxygen is at what temperature? A. 197.82 ℃ B. -197.82 ℃ C. 182.97 ℃ D. -182.97 ℃ Answer: D 119. The solid – liquid equilibrium of Mercury is at what temperature? A. 38.87 ℃ B. -38.87 ℃ C. 37.88 ℃ D. -37.88 ℃ Answer: B 120. The solid – liquid equilibrium of Tin is at what temperature? A. -38.87 ℃ B. 38.87 ℃ C. 231.9 ℃ D. -231.9 ℃ Answer: C 121. The solid – liquid equilibrium of Zinc is what temperature? A. 231.9 ℃ B. 419.505 ℃ C. 444.60 ℃ D. 630.5 ℃ Answer: B 122. The liquid – vapour equilibrium of sulphur is what temperature? A. 231.9 ℃ B. 419.505 ℃ C. 444.60 ℃ D. 630.5 ℃ Answer: C 123. The solid liquid equilibrium of Antimony is what temperature? A. 630.5 ℃ B. 419.505 ℃ C. 444.60 ℃ D. 231.9 ℃ Answer: A 124. The solid – liquid equilibrium of silver is at what temperature?  A. 630.5 ℃ B. 960.8 ℃ C. 1063 ℃ D. 1774 ℃ Answer: B 125. The solid – equilibrium of Gold is at what temperature? A. 630.5 ℃ B. 960.8 ℃ C. 1063 ℃ D. 1774 ℃ Answer: C 126. The solid – liquid equilibrium of Platinum is what temperature? A. 630.5 ℃ B. 960.8 ℃ C. 1063 ℃ D. 1774 ℃ Answer: D 127. The solid – liquid equilibrium of Tungsten is what temperature? A. 3730 ℃ B.3370 ℃ C.3073 ℃ D.3037 ℃ Answer: B 128. The device that measures temperature by the electromotive force? A. thermometer B. thermo couple C. electro - thermometer D. thermo seebeck Answer: B 129. The emf is a function of the temperature difference between the junction, a phenomenon called : A. seebeck effect  B. stagnation effect C. Primming D. electromotive force Answer: A 130. The device that measure temperature by the electromotive force called thermo couple was discovered by : A. Galileo B. Fahrenheit C. Celsius D. Seebeck Answer: D 131. When two bodies, isolated from other environment, are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, the two are in thermal equilibrium with each other. A. Zeroth law of thermodynamics B. First law of thermodynamics C. Second law of thermodynamics D. Third law of thermodynamics Answer: A 132. The total entropy of pure substances approaches zero as the absolute thermodynamic temperature approaches zero. A. Zeroth law of thermodynamics B. First law of thermodynamics C. Second law of thermodynamics D. Third law of thermodynamics Answer: D 133. If any one more properties of a system change, the system is said to have undergone a _______. A. cycle B. process C. flow D. control Answer: B 134. When a certain mass of liquid in a particular state passes through a series of processes and returns to its initial state, it undergoes a : A. revolution B. rotation C. process D. cycle Answer: D 135. The term given to the collection of matter under consideration enclosed within a boundary. A. system B. matter C. environment D. atoms Answer: A 136. The region outside the boundary or the space and matter external to a system : A. ex – system B. surrounding C. matter D. extension Answer: B 137. The true pressure measured above a perfect vacuum. A. absolute pressure B. gage pressure C. atmospheric pressure D. vacuum pressure Answer: A 138. The pressure measured from the level of atmospheric pressure by most pressure recording instrument like pressure gage and open – ended manometer. A. gage pressure B. atmospheric pressure C. atmospheric pressure D. absolute pressure Answer: A 139. The pressure obtained from barometric reading. A. absolute pressure B. gage pressure C. atmospheric pressure D. vacuum pressure Answer: C 140. It is a form of energy associated with the kinetic random motion of large number of molecules. A. internal energy B. kinetic energy C. heat D. enthalpy Answer: C 141. The heat needed to change the temperature of the body without changing its phase. A. latent heat B. sensible heat C. specific heat D. heat transfer Answer: B 142. The heat needed by the body to change its phase without changing its temperature. A. latent heat B. sensible heat C. specific heat D. heat transfer Answer: A 143. The measure of randomness of the molecules of the substance. A. enthalpy B. internal energy C. entropy D. heat Answer: C 144. The heat energy transferred to a substance at a constant pressure process is :____________. A. enthalpy B. heat C. internal energy D. entropy Answer: A 145. It is the energy stored within the body. A. enthalpy B. heat C. internal energy D. entropy Answer: C 146. A theoretically ideal gas which strictly follows Boyle’s law and Charle’s law of gases. A. universal gas B. perfect gas C. combined gas D. imperfect gas Answer: B 147. In a confined gas, if the absolute temperature is held constant, the volume is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure. A. Boyle’s law B. Charle’s law C. Daltoon’s law D. Avogadro’s law Answer: A 148. In a confined gas if the absolute pressure is held constant the volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. A. Boyle’s law B. Charle’s law C. Dalton’s law D. Avogadro’s law Answer: B 149. The pressure exerted in a vessel by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures that each separate gas would exert if it alone occupied the whole volume of the vessel. A. Boyle’s law B. Charle’s law C. Dalton’s law D. Avogadro’s law Answer: C 150. At equal volume, at the same temperature and pressure conditions, the gases contain the same number of molecules. A. Boyle’s law B. Charle’s law C. Dalton’s law D. Avogadro’s law Answer: D 151. A process in which the system departs from equilibrium state only infinitesimally at every instant. A. reversible process B. irreversible process C. cyclic process D. Quasi – static process Answer: D 152. A process which gives the same states/conditions after the system undergoes a series of processes : A. reversible process B. irreversible process C. cyclic process D. Quasi – static process Answer: C 153. A thermodynamic system that generally serve as a heat source or heat sink for another system. A. combustion chamber B. heat reservoir  C. heat engine D. Stirling engine Answer: B 154. A thermodynamic system that operates continuously with only energy (heat and work) crossing its boundaries; its boundaries are impervious to the flow of mass. A. heat engine B. steady flow work C. Stirling engine D. Ericson engine Answer: A 155. A surface that is impervious to heat is A. isothermal surface B. adiabatic surface C. isochoric surface D. isobaric surface Answer: B 156. One of the consequences of Einstein’s theory of relativity is that mass maybe converted into energy and energy into mass, the relation being given by the famous equation, E = mc². What is the value of the speed of light c? A. 2.7797x1010 cm/s B. 2.9979x1010 cm/s C. 1.7797x1010 cm/s D. 2.9979x1010 cm/s Answer: B 157. In the polytropic process we have p𝑣 𝑛 = constant, if the value of n is infinitely large, the process is called: A. constant volume process B. constant pressure process C. constant temperature process D. adiabatic process Answer: A 158. The thermodynamic cycle used in a thermal power plant is :  A. Ericson B. Brayton C. Joule D. Rankine Answer: D 159. For the same heat input and same compression ratio : A. both Otto cycle and Diesel cycle are equally efficient B. Otto cycle is less efficient than diesel cycle C. efficiency depends mainly cn working substance D. none of the above is correct Answer: C 160. A heat exchange process where in the product of pressure and volume remains constant called: A. heat exchange process B. isentropic process C. throttling process D. hyperbolic process Answer: D 161. Which of the following provides the basis for measuring thermodynamic property of temperature? A. Zeroth law of thermodynamics B. First law of thermodynamics C. Second law of thermodynamics D. Third law of thermodynamics Answer: A 162. 1 watt..... A. 1 Nm/s B. 1 Nm/min C. 1 Nm/hr D. 1 kNm/hr Answer: A 163. Under ideal conditions, isothermal, isobaric, isochoric and adiabatic processes are :  A. dynamic processes B. stable processes C. quasi – static processes D. static processes Answer: C 164. Isentropic flow is A. perfect gas flow B. irreversible adiabatic flow C. ideal fluid flow D. reversible adiabatic flow Answer: D 165. Exhaust gases from an engine posses A. solar energy B. kinetic energy C. chemical energy D. stored energy Answer: B 166. The extension and compression of a helical spring is an example of what process? A. isothermal cycle B. thermodynamic process C. adiabatic process D. reversible process Answer: D 167. At critical point the latent enthalpy of vaporization is __________. A. dependent on temperature B. zero C. minimum D. maximum Answer: D 168. Which of the following relations is not applicable in a free expansion process? A. heat supplied is zero B. heat rejected is zero  C. work done is zero D. change in temperature is zero Answer: D 169. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at wich: A. the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium B. the liquid and gaseous phase are in equilibrium C. the solid, liquid and gaseous phases are in equilibrium D. the solid does not melt, the liquid does not boil and the gas does not condense. Answer: D 170. According to Clausius statement A. heat flows from hot substance to cold substance unaided B. heat cannot flow from cold substance to hot substance C. heat can flow from cold substance to hot substance with the aid of external work D. A and C Answer: D 171. A heat engine is supplied heat at rate of 30,000 J/s gives an output of 9kW. The thermal efficiency of the engine is __________. A. 30% B. 43% C. 50% D. 55% Answer: A 172. The RMS velocity of hydrogen gas at N.T.P. is approximately ____________. A. 3838 m/s B. 1839 m/s C. 4839 m/s D. 839 m/s Answer: B 173. Which of the following cycles has two isothermal and two constant volume processes? A. joule cycle B. diesel cycle C. Ericson cycle D. Stirling cycle  Answer: D 174. “ it is impossible to construct a heat engine that operates in a cycle and receives a given quantity of heat from a high temperature body and does an equal amount of work” The above statement is known as : A. Gay Lussac’s law B. Kinetic theory C. Kelvin – Planck’s law D. Joule – Thomson’s law Answer: C 175. For steam nozzle, which of the following ratios with have the value less than unity ? A. (pressure at inlet) (pressure at outlet) B. specific volume at inlet/ (specific volume at outlet) C. temperature of steam at inlet/ (temperature of steam at outlet) D. none of the above Answer: B 176. A bell – Coleman cycle is a reversed A. Stirling cycle B. Brayton cycle C. Joule cycle D. Carnot cycle Answer: C 177. Ericson cycle consists of the following four processes: A. two isothermal and two constant volume B. two isothermal and two constant isentropic C. two isothermal and two constant pressure D. two adiabatic and two constant pressure Answer: C 178. A steam nozzle changes A. kinetic energy into heat energy B. heat energy into potential energy C. potential energy into heat energy D. heat energy into kinetic energy  Answer: D 179. Which is not correct for calculating air standard efficiency? A. all processes are reversible B. specific heat remains unchanged at all temperature C. no account of the mechanism of heat transfer is considered D. gases dissociate at higher temperature Answer: D 180. According to Pettlier Thomson effect: A. it is impossible to construct a heat engine that operates in a cycle and receives a given quantity of heat from a high temperature body and does an equal amount of work B. it is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no effect other than the transfer of heat from a cooler body to hotter body C. when two dissimilar metals are heated at one end and cooled at other, e.m.f. that is developed is proportional to difference of temperature at two ends D. work can’t be converted into heat Answer: D 181.In actual gasses the molecular collisions are : A. plastic B. elastic C. inelastic D. in plastic Answer: C 182. The Beattie – Bridgeman equation of state is quite accurate in case of : A. all pressures above atmospheric pressure B. densities less than about 0.8 times the critical density C. near critical temperature D. none of the above Answer: B 183. Which of the following statement about Van de Waals equation is correct? A. it is valid for all pressure and temperatures B. it represents a straight line on PV versus V plot C. it has three roots of identical value at the critical point D. the equation is valid for diatomic gases only  Answer: C 184. The Clapeyron’s equation is applicable to : A. 1 system in equilibrium B. a change of state C. a change of state when two phases are in equilibrium D. a change of state when water and water vapour are involved Answer: C 185. The vapour pressure is related to the enthalpy of vaporization by the: A. Clausius – Claypeyron’s equation B. Dalton’s law C. Raoult’s law D. Maxwell’s law Answer: A 186. Solubility of a gas in a liquid at small concentration can be represented by which law? A. Henry’s law B. Clausius – Clapeyron’s equation C. Dalton’s law D. Roult’s law Answer: A 187. A compound pressure gauge is used to measure: A. complex pressure B. variable pressure C. average pressure D. positive and negative pressure Answer: D 188. Which of the engine is used for fighter bomber? A. turboprop B. turbojet C. ramjet D. pulsejet Answer: B 189. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The thermal efficiency of gas – vapour cycle as compare to steam turbine or gas turbine A. greater than B. less than C. not comparable D. equal Answer: A 190. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The process in which heat energy is transferred to thermal energy storage device is known as: A. adiabatic B. regeneration C. inter cooling D. heat transfer Answer: B 191.PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The absolute zero in Celsius scale is: A. 100 B. 0 C. -273 D. 273 Answer: C 192. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the temperature when water and vapour are in equilibrium with the atmospheric pressure? A. ice point B. steam point C. critical point D. freezing point Answer: B 193. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The temperature of a pure substance at a temperature of absolute zero is: A. unity  B. zero C. infinity D. 100 Answer: B 194.PAST ME BOARD QUESTION When the number of reheat stages in a reheat cycle is increased, the average temperature: A. increases B. decreases C. is constant D. is zero Answer: A 195. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A temperature measurement in an ordinary thermometer which has constant specific humidity. A. critical temperature B. dew point temperature C. dry bulb temperature D. wet bulb temperature Answer: B 196. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION In a closed vessel, when vaporization takes place, the temperature rises. Due to the rising temperature, the pressure increases until an equilibrium is established between the temperature and pressure. The temperature of equilibrium is called: A. dew point B. ice point C. superheated temperature D. boiling point Answer: D 197. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION When hot soup was served in a cup during dinner an engineer was so eager to drink it. Since it was hot, he added cubes of ice to cool the soup and stirred it. He noticed that dew starts to form at the outermost surface of the cup. What is this temperature equal to? A. super heated temperature B. equal to zero  C. standard temperature D. equal to air’s dew point temperature Answer: D 198. Is the measure of the energy that is no longer available to perform useful work within the current environment. A. absolute entropy B. absolute enthalpy C. fugacity D. molar value Answer: A 199. A graph of enthalpy versus entropy for steam A. Mollier diagram B. Moody diagram C. steam table D. Maxwell diagram Answer: A 200. The reaction of inertia in an accelerated body is called A. kinetic reaction B. endothermic reaction C. kinematic reaction D. dynamic reaction Answer: A 201. A Mollier chart of thermodynamic properties is shown in which of the following diagrams? A. T – S diagram B. P – V diagram C. h – S diagram D. p – h diagram Answer: C 202. The following are included in the first law of thermodynamics for closed system EXCEPT: A. heat transferred in and of the system  B. work done by or on the system C. internal energy D. kinetic energy Answer: C 203. All processes below are irreversible except one. Which one? A. magnetization with hysteresis B. elastic tension and release of steel bar C. in elastic deformation D. heat conduction Answer: B 204. The combination of condition that best describe thermodynamic process is given by which of following? I. Has successive states through which the system passes II. When reversed leaves no change in the system III. When reversed leaves no change in the system or the surroundings IV. States are passes through so quickly that the surroundings do not change A. I and II B. I and III C. I and IV D. I and only Answer: D 205. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The sum of the energies of all the molecules in a system where energies appear in several complex forms is the: A. kinetic energy B. potential energy C. internal energy D. frictional energy Answer: C 206. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The Carnot refrigeration cycle includes all of the following processes except: A. isentropic expansion B. isothermal heating C. isenthalpic expansion D. isentropic compression  Answer: C 207. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The maximum possible work that can be obtained cycle operating between two reservoirs is found from: A. processes irreversibility B. availability C. Carnot cycle D. reversible work Answer: C 208. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The following factors are necessary to define thermodynamic cycle except: A. the working substance B. high and low temperature reservoirs C. the time it takes to complete the cycle D. the means of doing work on the system Answer: C 209. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION All of the following terms included in the second for open system except A. shaft work B. flow work C. internal energy D. average work Answer: D 210. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The following terms are included in the first law of thermodynamics for open systems except A. heat transferred in and out of the system B. work done by or in the system C. magnetic system D. internal system Answer: C 211. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION  The following terms are included in the first law of thermodynamics for closed systems except A. heat transferred in and out of the system B. work done by or on the system C. internal energy D. kinetic energy Answer: D 212. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following statements about a path function is not true? A. on a p – v diagram, it can represent work done B. on a t – s diagram, it can represent heat transferred C. it is dependent on the path between states of thermodynamic equilibrium D. it represents values of p, v, t, and s between states that are path functions Answer: D 213. A constant pressure thermodynamic process obeys: A. Boyle’s law B. Charle’s law C. Amagat’s law D. Dalto’s law Answer: C 214. The first and second law of thermodynamics are: A. continuity equations B. momentum equations C. energy equations D. equations of state Answer: C 215. Represents the temperature an ideal gas will attain when it is brought to rest adiabatically. A. absolute zero temperature B. stagnation temperature C. boiling temperature D. critical temperature Answer: B 216. Gauge pressure and absolute pressure differ from each other by: A. the system units B. atmospheric pressure C. the size of the gauge D. nothing they mean the same thing Answer: B 217. Each of the following are correct values of standard atmospheric pressure except. A. 1,000 atm B. 14,962 psi C. 760 torr D. 1013 mm Hg Answer: D 218. All of the following are properties of an ideal gas except: A. density B. pressure C. viscosity D. temperature Answer: C 219. Which of the following is not the universal as constant? A. 1545 ft – lb / lb mol - °R B. 8.314 J/ mol. K C. 8314 KJ / mol. K D. 8.314 kJ / k mol. K Answer: C 220. The following are all commonly quoted values of standard temperatures and pressure except: A. 32 ℉ and 14.696 psia B. 273.15 K and 101.325 kPa C. 0 ℃ and 760 mm Hg D. 0 ℉ and 29.92 in Hg Answer: D 221. The variation of pressure in an isobaric processes is: A. linear with temperature B. described by the perfect gas law C. inversely proportional to temperature D. zero Answer: D 222. For fluid flow, the enthalpy is the sum of internal energy and __________. A. entropy B. work flow C. pressure D. temperature Answer: B 223. A thermodynamic processes whose deviation from equilibrium is infinitesimal at all times is _________. A. reversible B. isentropic C. in quasi - equilibrium D. isenthalpic Answer: C 224. Which thermodynamic property best describes the molecular activity of a substance? A. enthalpy B. entropy C. internal energy D. External energy Answer: C 225. Stagnation enthalpy represents the enthalpy of a fluid when, it is brought to rest__________. A. isometrically B. adiabatically C. isothermally D. disobarically Answer: B 226. During stagnation process, the kinetic energy of a fluid is converted to enthalpy which results in an: A. increase in the fluid specific volume B. increase in the fluid pressure C. increase in the fluid temperature and pressure D. increase in the fluid temperature Answer: C 227. The properties of fluid at the stagnation in state are called_____________. A. stagnation property B. stagnation phase C. stagnation state D. stagnation vapor Answer: C 228. All of the following are thermodynamic properties except___________. A. temperature B. pressure C. density D. modulus of elasticity Answer: D 229. A liquid boils when its vapor pressure equals A. the gage pressure B. the critical pressure C. the ambient pressure D. one standard atmosphere Answer: C 230. A system composed of ice and water at 0 ℃ is said be: _____________. A. a multiphase material B. in thermodynamic equilibrium C. in thermal equilibrium D. all of the above Answer: D 231. The heat of fusion of a pure substance is: A. the change in phase from solid to gas B. the change in phase from liquid to gas C. the energy released in a chemical reaction D. the energy required to melt the substance Answer: D 232. The heat of vaporization involves the change in enthalpy due to: A. the change in phase from solid to gas B. the change in phase from liquid to gas C. the energy released in a chemical reaction D. the change in phase from solid to liquid Answer: B 233. The heat of sublimation involves the change in enthalpy due to _____________. A. the change in phase from solid to gas B. the change in phase from liquid to gas C. the energy released in a chemical reaction D. the change in phase from solid to liquid Answer: A 234. A specific property A. defines a specific variable (eg. temperature) B. is independent of mass C. is an extensive property multiplied by mass D. is independent of the phase of the substance Answer: A 235. A material’s specific heat can be defined as: A. the ratio of heat required to change temperature of mass by change in temperature B. being different for constant pressure constant temperature processes C. a function of temperature D. all of the above Answer: D 236. If a substance temperature is less than its saturated temperature, the substance is:  A. sub cooled liquid B. wet vapor C. saturated vapor D. superheated vapor Answer: A 237. If a substance temperature is equal to its saturated temperature, the substance is a_________. A. sub cooled liquid B. wet vapor C. saturated vapor D. superheated vapor Answer: C 238. If a substance’s temperature is greater than saturation temperature, the substance is a _________. A. sub cooled liquid B. wet vapor C. saturated vapor D. superheated vapor Answer: D 239. Critical properties refer to A. extremely important properties, such as temperature and pressure B. heat required for phase change and important for energy production C. property values where liquid and gas phase are indistinguishable D. properties having to do with equilibrium conditions, such as the Gibbs and Helmholtz functions. Answer: C 240. For a saturated vapour, the relationship between temperature and pressure is given by: A. the perfect gas law B. Van der Waal’s equation C. the steam table D. a Viral equation of state Answer: C 241. Properties of a superheated vapor are given by  A. the perfect gas law B. a super heated table C. a one to one relationship, such as the properties of saturated steam D. a viral equation of state Answer: B 242. Properties of non – reacting gas mixtures are given A. geometric weighting B. volumetric weighting C. volumetric weighting for molecular weight, density, and geometric weighting for all properties except entropy D. arithmetic average Answer: C 243. The relationship between the total pressure mixture of non – reacting gases and their partial volume given by: A. gravimetric functions B. volumetric functions C. Dalton’s law D. mole fractions Answer: B 244. The relationship between the total pressure mixture of non – reacting gases and the pressure constituent is given by: A. gravimetric functions B. volumetric functions C. Dalton’s law D. mole fractions Answer: C 245. Which of the following is the best definition of enthalpy? A. the ratio of heat added to the temperature increases in a system B. the amount of useful energy in a system C. the amount of energy no longer available to the system D. the heat required to cause a complete conversion between two phases at a constant temperature Answer: B 246. Which of the following statements is not true for real gases? A. molecules occupy a volume not negligible in comparison to the total volume of gas B. real gases are subjected to attractive forces between molecules ( eg. Van der Waal’s forces) C. the law of corresponding states may be used for real gases D. real gases are found only rarely in nature Answer: D 247. The stagnation state is called the isentropic stagnation state when the stagnation process is: A. reversible as well dynamic B. isotropic C. adiabatic D. reversible as well as adiabatic Answer: D 248. The entropy of fluid remains constant process? A. polytropic stagnation process B. unsteady stagnation process C. combustion process D. isentropic stagnation process Answer: D 249. All the following processes are irreversible except A. stirring a viscous fluid B. an isentropic deceleration of a moving per fluid C. an unrestrained expansion of a gas D. phase changes Answer: B 250. All of the following processes are irreversible except: A. chemical reactions B. diffusion C. current flow through an electrical resistance D. an isentropic compression of a perfect gas. Answer: D 251. All of the following processes are irreversible except: A. magnetization with hysteresis B. elastic tension and release of steel bar C. in elastic deformation D. heat conduction Answer: B 252. Which of the following state(s) is/are necessary for a system to be in thermodynamic equilibrium? A. chemical equilibrium B. thermal equilibrium C. mechanical equilibrium D. chemical, mechanical, and thermal equilibrium Answer: D 253. Adiabatic heat transfer with in a vapour cycle refers to: A. heat t transfer that is atmospheric but not reversible B. the transfer of energy from one stream to another in a heat exchanger so that the energy of the input streams equals the energy of the output streams C. heat transfer that is reversible but not isentropic D. there is no such thing as adiabatic heat transfer Answer: B 254. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following gives polytropic under n? 𝑃 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 𝑃1 A. 𝑉 log 1 𝑉2 𝑃 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 𝑃2 B. 𝑉 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 𝑉2 𝑉 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 𝑉2 C. 𝑃 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 𝑃1 𝑉 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 𝑉2 D. 𝑃 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 𝑃2  Answer: A 255.PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The work done in an adiabatic process in a system. A. is equal to the change in total energy in a closed system B. is equal to the total net heat transfer plus the entropy change C. is equal to the change in total energy of closed system plus the entropy change D. is equal to the change in total energy of closed system plus net heat transfer Answer: D 256. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Based on the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is wrong? A. the heat transfer equals the work plus energy change B. the heat transfer Carnot exceed the work done C. the net transfer equal the net work of the cycle D. the net heat transfer equals the change if no work is done Answer: B 257. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Assuming real process, the net entropy change in the universe A. must be calculated B. equals zero C. is negative D. is positive Answer: D 258. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following types of flow meters is most accurate? A. Venturi tube B. Pilot tube C. Flow nozzle D. Foam type Answer: B 259. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is referred by control volume?  A. an isolated system B. closed system C. fixed region in space D. reversible process only Answer: C 260. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the most efficient thermodynamic cycle? A. Carnot B. Diesel C. Rankine D. Brayton Answer: A 261. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION How do you treat a statement that is considered scientific law? A. we postulate to be true B. accept as summary of experimental observation C. we generally observed to be true D. believe to be derived from mathematical theorem Answer: B 262. ME BOARD QUESTION An instrument commonly used in most research and engineering laboratories because it is small and fast among the other thermometers A. mercury thermometer B. liquid – in – glass thermometer C. gas thermometer D. thermo couple Answer: D 263. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION In an actual gases, the molecular collisions are A. plastic B. elastic C. inelastic D. in plastic  Answer: C 264. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following is used in thermal power plant? A. Brayton B. Reversed Carnot C. Rankine D. Otto Answer: C 265. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The elongation and compression of a helical spring is an example of A. irreversible process B. reversible process C. isothermal process D. adiabatic process Answer: B 266. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Otto cycle consists of A. two isentropic and two constant volume processes B. two isentropic and two constant pressure processes C. two adiabatic and two isothermal processes D. two isothermal and two constant volume processes Answer: A 267. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Brayton cycle ha A. two isentropic and two constant pressure processes B. two isentropic and two constant pressure processes C. one constant pressure, one constant volume and two adiabatic processes D. two isothermal, one constant volume and one constant pressure processes Answer: B 268. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A Bell – Coleman cycle is a reversed  A. Stirling cycle B. Joule cycle C. Carnot cycle D. Otto cycle Answer: B 269. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A steam nozzle changes A. kinetic energy into heat energy B. heat energy into potential energy C. heat energy into kinetic energy D. potential energy into heat energy Answer: C 270. The pilot tube is a device used for measurement of A. pressure B. flow C. velocity D. discharge Answer: C 271. PAST MEBOARD QUESTION The continuity equation is applicable to A. Viscous, un viscous fluids B. Compressibility of fluids C. conservation of mass D. Steady, un steady flow Answer: C 272. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The work done by a force of R Newtons moving in a distance of L meters is converted entirely into kinetic energy and expressed by the equation: A. RL = 2MV ² B. RL = 2MV 1 C. RL = 2 MV ² 1 D. RL = 2 MV  Answer: C 273.PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Gas being heated at constant volume is undergoes the process of A. isentropic B. adiabatic C. isometric D. isobaric Answer: C 274. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Dew point is defined as A. the temperature to which the air must be cooled constant pressure to produce saturation B. the where the pressure and temperature lines meet C. the temperature which dew is formed in the air D. the pressure which dew is formed in the air Answer: A 275. PAST ME BOARD QUESSTION What do you call the changing of an atom of element into an atom of different element with a different atomic mass? A. atomization B. atomic transmutation C. atomic pile D. atomic energy Answer: B 276. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What do you call the weight of the column of air above the earth’s surface? A. air pressure B. aerostatic pressure C. wind pressure D. atmospheric pressure Answer: D 277. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What keeps the moisture from passing through the system?  A. dehydrator B. aerator C. trap D. humidifier Answer: A 278. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What condition exists in an adiabatic throttling process? A. enthalpy is variable B. enthalpy is constant C. entropy is constant D. specific volume is constant Answer: B 279. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio of density to the density of: A. mercury B. gas C. air D. water Answer: D 280. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A compound pressure gauge is used to measure: A. complex pressure B. variable pressure C. compound pressure D. positive and negative pressures Answer: D 281. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Isentropic flow is A. perfect gas flow B. ideal fluid flow C. frictionless reversible flow D. reversible adiabatic flow  Answer: D 282. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Under ideal conditions, isothermal, isobaric, and adiabatic processes are: A. dynamic processes B. stable processes C. quasi – static processes D. static processes Answer: C 283. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION One watt is: 𝑁.𝑚 A. 1 𝑠 𝑁.𝑚 B. 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑁.𝑚 C. 1 ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑁.𝑚 D. 1 𝑠 Answer: A 284. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A temperature above which a given gas cannot be liquefied: A. Cyrogenic temperature B. Vaporization temperature C. Absolute temperature D. Critical temperature Answer: D 285. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The effectiveness of a body as a thermal radiator on given temperature A. absorptivity B. emissivity C. conductibility D. reflectivity Answer: B 286. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION  Which of the following occurs in a reversible polytropic process? A. enthalpy remains constant B. internal energy does not change C. some heat transfer occurs D. entropy remains constant Answer: C 287. ME BOARD Oct. 1997 The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is: A. rota meter B. manometer C. Venturi D. Barometer Answer: D 288.ME BOARD Oct. 1997 A pneumatic tool is generally powered by A. water B. electricity C. steam D. air Answer: D 289. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following gasses can be used to measure the lowest temperature? A. nitrogen B. helium C. oxygen D. hydrogen Answer: B 290. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The triple point of the substance is the temperature and pressure at which: A. the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium B. the solid and gaseous phase are in equilibrium C. the solid, liquid and gaseous phases are in equilibrium D. the solid does not melt, the liquid does not boil and the gas does not condense  Answer: D 291. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following relations is not applicable in free expansion processes? A. heat rejected is zero B. work done is zero C. change in temperature is zero D. heat supplied is zero Answer: C 292. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Ericson cycle has A. two isothermal and two constant pressure processes B. two isothermal and two constant volume processes C. two isothermal and two constant entropy processes D. two adiabatic, one constant volume and constant pressure processes Answer: A 293. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A Stirling cycle has A. two adiabatic and two constant volume processes B. two adiabatic and two constant pressure processes C. two isothermal and two constant pressure processes D. two isothermal and two constant volume processes Answer: D 294. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The temperature of the fluid flowing under pressure through a pipe is usually measured by: A. a glass thermometer B. an electric resistance thermometer C. a thermocouple D. all of the above Answer: D 295. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Specific heat capacity is an SI derived unit described as  𝐽 A. 𝑘𝑔 𝑊 B. 𝑚𝐾 𝑘𝐽 C. 𝑘𝑔𝐾 𝐽 D. 𝑚 Answer: C 296. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following is mathematically a thermodynamic property? A. a point function B. discontinuous C. a path function D. exact differential Answer: A 297. PAST ME BOARD QUSTION When the expansion or compression of gas takes place “without transfer of heat” to or form the gas, the property is called: A. reversible B. adiabatic C. polytropic D. isothermal Answer: B 298. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Another name for the liquid valve is: A. Freon valve B. Shut – off valve C. King valve D. Master valve Answer: C 299. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION A liquid whose temperature is lower than the saturation temperature corresponding to the existing pressure:  A. sub cooled liquid B. saturated liquid C. pure liquid D. compressed liquid Answer: A 300. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The law that states “entropy of all perfect crystalline solids is zero at absolute zero temperature: A. zeroth law of thermodynamics B. First law of thermodynamics C. Second law of thermodynamics D. Third law of thermodynamics Answer: D 301. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What should be the temperature of both water and steam whenever they are present together? A. saturation temperature for the existing pressure B. boiling point of water at 101.325 kPa C. superheated temperature D. one hundred degrees centigrade Answer: A 302. A manometer is an instrument that is used to measure: A. air pressure B. heat radiation C. condensation water level D. air volume Answer: A 303. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the area under the curve of temperature of entropy diagram? A. volume B. heat C. work D. entropy Answer: B 304. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What do bodies at temperature above absolute emit? A. energy B. heat of convection C. thermal radiation D. heat of compression Answer: C 305. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION In the absence of any irreversibilities, a thermo generator, a device that incorporates both thermo electric effects, will have the efficiency of a/an A. Carnot cycle B. Otto cycle C. Diesel cycle D. Rankine cycle Answer: A 306. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Both Stirling and Ericson engines are A. internal combustion engine B. external combustion engines C. Carnot engines D. Brayton engines Answer: B 307. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Nozzles does not involve any work interaction. The fluid through this device experiences: A. no change in potential energy B. no change in kinetic energy C. no change in enthalpy D. vacuum Answer: A 308. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION If the actual kinetic energy of a nozzle is Ka and Ki is the maximum value that can be attained by an isentropic expansion from an initial to final state, then the efficiency of the nozzle is:  𝐾𝑖 A.𝐾𝑎 𝐾𝑎−𝐾𝑖 B. 𝐾𝑎 𝐾𝑎−𝐾𝑖 C. 𝐾𝑖 𝐾𝑎 D. 𝐾𝑖 Answer: D 309. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The convergent section of a nozzle increased velocity of the flow of the gas. What does it to do pressure? A. pressure becomes constant B. pressure equals the velocity C. it increases the pressure D. it decreases the pressure Answer: D 310. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION In a closed vessel, when vaporization takes place the temperature rise, Due to the rising temperature, pressure increases until an equilibrium is establish between the temperature and pressure temperature of equilibrium is called__________. A. dew point B. ice point C. boiling point D. superheated temperature Answer: C 311. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION At steam point, the temperature of water and its vapour at standard pressure are: A. extremes or maximum B. unity C. in equilibrium D. undefined Answer: C 312. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION  When hot soup was served in a cup during dinner, an engineer was so eager to drink it. Since it was hot, he added cubes of ice to cool the soup and stirred it. He noticed that dew starts to form on the outermost surface of the cup. He wanted to check the temperature of the outermost surface of the cup. What is this temperature equal to? A. superheated temperature B. equal to zero C. standard temperature D. equal to air’s dew point temperature Answer: D 313. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What do you call a conversion technology that yields electricity straight from sunlight without the aid of a working substance like gas or steam without the use of any mechanical cycle? A. power conversion B. Stirling cycle conversion C. solar thermal conversion D. photovoltaic – energy Answer: D 314. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following property of liquid extend resistance to angular or shear deformation: A. specific gravity B. specific weight C. viscosity D. density Answer: C 315. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the pressure at the exit of a draft tube turbine? A. below atmospheric B. above atmospheric C. atmospheric D. vacuum Answer: C 316. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION  When changes in kinetic energy of a compressed are negligible or insignificant, the work input to adiabatic compressor is__________. A. negligible B. zero C. infinity D. equal to change in enthalpy Answer: D 317. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the area under the curve of a pressure- volume diagram? A. non flow work B. steady flow work C. heat D. power Answer: A 318. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION In Stirling and Ericson cycle, regeneration can A. increase efficiency B. decrease efficiency C. control efficiency D. limit efficiency Answer: A 319. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The first law of thermodynamics is based on which of the following principles? A. conservation of mass B. enthalpy – entropy relationship C. entropy – temperature relationship D. conservation of energy Answer: D 320. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION In two – phase system, 30% moisture means A. 70% liquid and 30% vapor B. 70% vapor and 30% liquid C. 30% liquid and 100% vapor  D. 30% vapor and 100% liquid Answer: B 321. ME BOARD Apr. 2002 At 101.325 kPa, the boiling point of water is 100 ℃, the pressure is decreased, the boiling temperature will: A. increase B. decrease C. remain the same D. drop to zero Answer: B 322. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following is equivalent to 1 hp in Btu/hr A. 778 B.2545 C. 746 D. 3.41 Answer: B 323. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the pressure above zero? A. gage pressure B. absolute pressure C. vacuum pressure D. atmospheric pressure Answer: A 324. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION One Newton – meter is equal to A. 1 Joule B. 1 Btu C. 1 Calorie D. 1 Ergs Answer: A 325. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION  Which of the following is the instrument used to measure fluid velocity? A. pilot tube B. Orsat apparatus C. anemometer D. viscosimeter Answer: A 326. Cryogenic temperature ranges from: A. -150 ℉ to -359 ℉ B. -250 ℉ to -459 ℉ C. -100 ℉ to -300 ℉ D. -200 ℉ to -400 ℉ Answer: B 327. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Steam at 2 kPa is saturated at 17.5℃. In waht _________ will the state be at 40℃ if the pressure is 2.0 kPa. A. superheated B. saturated C. sub cooled D. supersaturated Answer: A 328. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Acceleration is proportional to force. A. Newton’s law B. Archimedes principle C. law of gravitation D. theory of relativity Answer: A 329. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following could be defined as simple push or pull A. power B. inertia C. work D. force Answer: D 330. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The true pressure measured above a perfect vacuum is: A. absolute pressure B. atmospheric pressure C. gauge pressure D. vacuum pressure Answer: A 331. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION If an initial volume of an ideal gas is compressed to one – half its original volume and to twice its original temperature, the pressure: A. doubles B. halves C. quadruples D. triples Answer: C 332. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION When the expansion or compression of gas takes place without transfer of heat to or from the gas, the process is called: A. isometric process B. isothermal process C. isobaric process D. adiabatic process Answer: D 333. A body radiates heat proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature: A. Stefan – Boltzmann law B. Planck’s law C. Kirchhoff’s law D. Maxwell’s law Answer: A 334. All substances emit radiation, the quantity and quality of which depends upon the absolute temperature are the properties of the material, composing the radiation body. A. Stefan – Boltzmann law  B. Planck’s law C. Kirchhoff’s law D. Maxwell’s law Answer: B 335. For body in thermal equilibrium with the environment, the ratio of total emissive power to the absorptivity is constant at any temperature. A. Stefan – Boltzmann law B. Planck’s law C. Kirchhoff’s law D. Maxwell’s law Answer: C CHAPTER 2 FUELS & COMBUSTION 1. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Which is not a viscosity rating? A. redwood B. SSU C. Centi poise D. entropy degrees API Answer: D 2. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION Percent excess air is the difference between the air actually supplied and the theoretically required divided by: A. the theoretically air supplied B. the actually air supplied C. the deficiency of air supplied D. the sufficient air supplied Answer: A 3. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION What is the apparatus used in the analysis of combustible gases?  A. calorimeter differential B. calorimeter gas C. calorimetry D. calorimeter Answer: D 4. PAST ME BOARD QUETION Percent excess air is the difference between the actually supplied and the theoretical air divided by: A. the sufficient air supplied B. the deficiency air supplied C. the actually air supplied D. the theoretically air supplied Answer: D 5. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION The viscosity of most commercially available petroleum lubricating oil changes rapidly above A. 120 ℉ B. 180 ℉ C. 150 ℉ D. 130 ℉ Answer: B 6. PAST ME BOARD QUESTION When 1 mol carbon combines with 1 mol oxygen A. 2 mols carbon dioxide B. 1 mol carbon dioxide C. 1 mol carbon and 1 mol carbon dioxide D. 1 mol carbon dioxide Answer: B 7. ME BOARD QUESTION What are the immediate undesirable products from the petroleum based lubricating oil when subjected to high pressure and temperature? A. gums, resins and acids B. sulphur C. Soots and ashes  D. Carbon residue Answer: A 8. What kind of boding do common gases that exist in free state as diatomic molecules experiences? A. ionic bonds B. covalent bonds C. metallic bonds D. nuclear bonds Answer: B 9. An Orsat’s apparatus is used for A. volumetric analysis of the flue gas B. gravimetric analysis of the flue gas C. smoke density analysis of the flue gas D. all of the above Answer: A 10. A theorem that states that the total property of a mixture of ideal gases is the sum of the properties that the individual gases would have if each occupied the total mixture volume alone as the same temperature. A. Gibbs theorem B. Dalton’s theorem C. Boltzmann’s theorem D. Maxwell’s theorem Answer: A 11. A small enough particles suspended in a fluid exhibit small random movements due to the state collision of fluid molecules on the particle’s sum. This motion is called____________. A. Boltzmann motion B. Rectilinear motion C. Kinetic gas motion D. Brownian motion Answer: D 12. When two or more light atoms have sufficient emf (available only at high temperatures and velocities) fuse together to form a heavier nucleus the process called____________. A. fusion B. fission C. the photo electric effect D. the Compton effect Answer: A 13. What is the residue left after combustion of a fuel? A. charcoal B. ash C. scraper D. all of the choices Answer: B 14. What is formed during incomplete combustion of carbon in fuels? A. carbon dioxide B. carbon monoxide C. nitrogen oxide D. oxygenated fuel Answer: B 15. A gas produced by the combustion of fuel oil and cannot be found in the flue gases is: A. oxygen B. nitrogen C. hydrogen D. carbon dioxide Answer: C 16. Which of the following chemical reactions in which heat is absorbed? A. heat reaction B. endothermic reaction C. exothermic reaction D. combustion reaction Answer: B 17. A chemical reaction in which heat is given off.  A. heat reaction B. endothermic reaction C. exothermic reaction D. combustion reaction Answer: C 18. Colorless, odourless mixture of nitrogen and oxygen with traces of other gases water vapour and said impurities. A. air B. helium C. water gas D. nitrite Answer: A 19. The transfer of air characteristics by horizontal motion is called____________. A. convection B. air transfer C. advection D. adhesion Answer: C 20. Properties of non – reacting gas mixtures are given by A. geometric weighting B. volumetric weighting C. volumetric weighting for molecular weight and density, and geometric weighting for all other properties except entropy D. arithmetic average Answer: C 21. The process of separating two or more liquids by means of the difference in their boiling point. A. Engler distillation B. Fractional distillation C. Gas scrubbing D. Fractional crystallization Answer: B 22. The gaseous products of combustion of a boiler which contains carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, nitrogen and water vapour is called____________. A. flue gas B. producer gas C. product gas D. universal gas Answer: A 23. A substance whose burning with oxygen yields heat energy such as coal, petroleum and natural gas. A. air B. fluid C. fuel D. gas Answer: C 24. Stoichiometric ratio is A. chemically correct air – fuel ratio by volume B. chemically correct air – fuel ratio by weight C. theoretically mixture of air for complete combustion D. actual ratio of air to fuel for maximum efficiency Answer: B 25. A type of radiation consisting of singly charged particles that generate to intermediate distances. A. nuclear radiation B. alpha radiation C. beta radiation D. gamma radiation Answer: C 26. The increase in velocity past the throat is due to rapid decrease in the: A. fluid density B. fluid specific volume C. fluid temperature D. fluid pressure Answer: A 27. In an oxidation - reduction chemical reaction, all of the following occur except: A. the exchange of electrons between elements B. elements becoming more positive C. elements becoming more negative D. nuclear fusion Answer: D 28. The residual oil left after the distillation of gasoline and kerosene from crude petroleum; yellow to brown and used as a diesel fuel and enriching water gas. A. diesel oil B. gasoline oil C. LPG D. gas oil Answer: D 29. A fuel gas obtained by the destructive distillation of soft coal is called__________. A. gas scrub B. coal gas C. alco gas D. water gas Answer: B 30. Removing of impurities from a gas by bubbling it through a liquid purifying agent is called__________. A. gas scrubbing B. gas purifying C. gas liquefying D. gas bubbling Answer: A 31. During the fusion process, mass is lost and converted to energy according to: A. the Heisenburg uncertainty principle B. the Compton’s law C. Einstein’s law D. the second law of thermodynamics  Answer: C 32. A finely divided carbon deposit by the smoke or flame is called__________. A. fly ash B. soot C. residue D. all of the choices Answer: B 33. Rare gases such as helium, argon, krypton, xenon and radon that are non – reactive are called_____________. A. non - reactants B. stop gases C. insert gases D. residual gases Answer: C 34. Kinematics and dynamic viscosity vary from each of only by a factor equal to the : A. fluid density B. temperature C. pressure D. specific gas constant Answer: A 35. The following properties are different for isomers of the same chemical compound: A. density B. melting point C. number of atoms in a mole of each isomers D. specific heat Answer: C 36. Atomic weights of the elements in the periodic table are not whole numbers because of: A. the existence of isotopes B. imprecise measurements during the development of the periodic table C. round – off error in calculating atomic weights D. the exchange of reference of the atomic mass unit from oxygen – 16 to carbon – 12 in 1961.  Answer: A 37. The tendency of a pure compound to be composed of same elements combined in a definite proportion by mass. A. Avogadro’s law B. Boyle’s law C. The law of definite proportions D. Le Chatelier’s principle Answer: C 38. How do you call the process of removing of impurities from a gas by bubbling it through a liquid purifying agent? A. gas scrubbing B. gas purifying C. gas liquefying D. gas bubbling Answer: A 39. What is the effect of catalyst in a chemical reaction? A. absorb the exothermic heat of reaction B. provide the exothermic heat of reaction C. lower the activation energy D. provide the heat of sublimation Answer: C 40. The relationship between the concentration of products and reactants in a reversible chemical reaction give by: A. the ionization constant B. the equilibrium constant C. the solubility D. Le Chatelier’s principle Answer: B 41. What fuel gas obtained by the destructive distillation of soft coal? A. gas scrub B. coal gas  C. alcogas D. water gas Answer: B 42. The process of splitting the nucleus into small fragments. A. fusion B. fission C. the photo electric effect D. the Compton effect Answer: B 43. The ash that is removed from the combustor after the fuel is burn is the: A. fly ash B. bottom ash C. scraper ash D. top ash Answer: B 44. A mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide made by passing steam over hot coke. A. water gas B. water vapor C. hydrocarbon D. air Answer: A 45. All of the following are true of non – stoichiometric reactions except. A. there is an excess of one or more reactants B. the percentage yield measures the efficiency of the reaction C. non – stoichiometric reactions are rare in the combustion process D. in combustion, air is often the excess reactant to assure complete combustion of fuel Answer: C 46. It is the ratio of the volume at the end of heat addition to the volume at the start of heat addition. A. compression ratio B. air - fuel ratio  C. volumetric ratio D. cut – off ratio Answer: D 47. Piston rings are made of: A. alloy steel B. carbon steel C. copper D. cast iron Answer: D 48. ME BOARD QUESTION Loss power is due to: A. poor compression B. restricted exhaust C. clogging of air cleaner D. low injection pressure Answer: D 49. ME BOARD QUESTION A branch system of pipes to carry waste emission away from the piston chambers of an internal combustion engine is called A. exhaust nozzle B. exhaust deflection pipe C. exhaust pipe D. exhaust manifold Answer: D 50. ME BOARD QUESTION The type of filter where the filtering elements is replaceable. A. paper edge filter B. metal edge filter C. pressure filter D. filter with element Answer: B 51. ME BOARD QUESTION  When four events take place in one revolution of a crankshaft of an engine, the engine is called: A. rotary engine B. steam engine C. two stroke engine D. four stroke engine Answer: C 52. ME BOARD QUESTION Which of the following does not belong to the group? A. air injection system B. mechanical injection system C. time injection system D. gas admission system Answer: C 53. Specific heat capacity is an SI derived unit described as: A. J/kg B. W/m °K C. J/m³ D. J/kg °K Answer: D 54. ME BOARD QUESTION A device whose primary function is to meter the flow refrigerant to the vapour. A. sniffer valve B. equalizer C. thermostatic expansion valve D. crossover valve Answer: C 55. ME BOARD QUESTION The internal combustion engines never work in A. Rankine cycle B. Diesel cycle C. Dual combustion cycle D. Otto cycle  Answer: A 56. The general chemical formula for all hydrocarbons 𝐶𝑛 𝐻𝑚. In different combinations of interest, as steam combustion engine fuel, n varies from: A. 1 to 26 B. 2 to 54 C. 2 to 26 D. 1 to 54 Answer: A 57. The general chemical formula for all hydrocarbons is 𝐶𝑛 𝐻𝑚. In different combinations of interest, as internal combustion engine fuel m varies from: A. 1 to 26 B. 2 to 54 C. 2 to 26 D. 1 to 54 Answer: B 58. The general chemical formula of a paraffin fuel is A. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛 B. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛−6 C. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛+2 D. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛−2 Answer: C 59. Naphthenes and olefins are types of hydrocarbons with chemical formula of: A. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛 B. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛−6 C. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛+2 D. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛−2 Answer: A 60. Which of the following types of hydrocarbons have chemical formula of 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛−2 ? A. diolefins B. aromatics C. asphaltics D. paraffins  Answer: A 61. Which of the following types of hydrocarbons have chemical formula of 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛−4 ? A. diolefins B. aromatics C. asphaltics D. paraffins Answer: C 62. What is the chemical formula of an aromatic type hydrocarbon fuels? A. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛−6 B.𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛−2 C. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛 D. 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛+2 Answer: A 63. At atmospheric condition, hydrocarbon molecules with a low number of carbon atoms, 1 to 4 are. A. liquids B. atomic C. gases D. light oils Answer: C 64. Hydrocarbons with 5 to 15 carbon atoms are: A. more or less volatile light oils B. referred to as heavy oils C. mixtures of many kinds of hydrocarbons D. commercial fuels Answer: A 65. Hydrocarbons with 16 to 26 carbon atoms are referred to as: A. light oils B. heavy oils C. commercial fuels D. lubricating oils  Answer: B 66. In a four stroke engine if a valve opens 25° before B.D.C. and close 10° after T.D.C. the valve should be: A. puppet valve B. exhaust valve C. inlet valve D. spring valve Answer: B 67. In a hot wire anemometer the rate of heat loss from sensing element is a function of: A. mass rate of flow B. pressure C. velocity of flow D. all of the above Answer: C 68. Sticking valve A. valve tappet clearance incorrect B. valve springs of defective material C. valve guides gummed D. lubricating oil of poor quality Answer: B 69. Detonation of pinging noises is due to: A. early timing of fuel injection B. late timing of fuel injection C. head of piston carbonized D. valve springs weak or broken Answer: B 70. The thermal efficiency of a dual cycle engine with fixed compression ratio and fixed quantity of heat and with increase in pressure ratio, will A. increase B. remain same C. decrease D. depends on other factors  Answer: A 71. Scavenging efficiency of a four stroke diesel engine is A. in the range 80 – 95 percent B. in the range 60 – 80 percent C. below 60 percent D. between 95% and 100% Answer: D 72. Volumetric efficiency of a well designed engine may be in the range of: A. 75 to 90 percent B. 60 to 75 percent C. 30 to 50 percent D. below 30 percent Answer: A 73. During idling in a compression ignition engine the air fuel ratio may be of the order of: A. 30 B. 200 C. 150 D. 100 Answer: A 74. Vapour lock is A. lock of vaporization of fuel to atmospheric pressure B. excess fuel supply to engine because of faster evaporation C. complete or partial stoppage of fuel supply because of vaporization of fuel in supply steam D. locking carburettor jets because of vapor pressure Answer: C 75. Flash point of liquids is the temperature at which: A. the fuel emits vapors at rate which produces an inflammable mixture with air B. the fuel spontaneously ignites C. the fuel ignites with a clearly visible flash D. the fuel ignites without a spark  Answer: A 76. The mean effective pressure of a diesel cycle have fixed compression ratio will increase if cut off ratio is: A. increased B. decreased C. independent of compression ratio D. depends on other factor Answer: A 77. Hot spots A. do not exist in engines B. are the hottest spot in the engine C. are the spots where heavier functions of fuel vaporized D. are the defects in S.I. in engines Answer: C 78. Flash point for diesel fuel oil should be: A. maximum 49 ℃ B. maximum 490 ℃ C. maximum 200 ℃ D. maximum 300 ℃ Answer: A 79. Morse test is conducted on: A. single – cylinder engines B. multi – cylinder engines C. horizontal engines D. vertical engines Answer: B 80. Prony brake is used for testing of: A. small engines B. large engines C. engines having small flywheel D. high speed engines Answer: A 81. Clog point of an oil refer to: A. the point of maximum contamination of oil B. the level of impurities beyond which oil ceases to flow C. the temperature at which oil solidifies D. the temperature at which paraffin and waxes in oil start precipitating Answer: D 82. Otto cycle consists of: A. two isentropic and two constant volumes processes B. two isentropic and two constant pressure processes C. two adiabatic and two isothermal processes D. two isothermal and two constant volume processes Answer: A 83. Diesel cycle consist of: A. isentropic, isothermal, constant volume constant pressure processes B. two constant volume, one constant pressure, one isothermal process C. two isentropic, one constant volume and one constant pressure processes D. two constant pressure, one constant volume, and one isentropic processes Answer: C 84. Which is not correct for calculating air stand efficiency? A. all processes are reversible B. specific heat remains unchanged at temperature C. no account of the mechanism of heat transfer considered D. gases dissociate at higher temperatures Answer: D 85. The king pin inclination is generally: A. less than 0.5° B. between 1° and 2° C. between 2° and 5° D. more than 9° Answer: C 86. For balancing single cylinder engine a counter weight is added to:  A. piston B. piston pin C. cam D. crank Answer: D 87. To measure the clearance between the valve and tappet of an automobile engine we use a___________. A. Vernier scale B. feeler gauge C. pneumatic gauge D. slip gauge Answer: B 88. By supercharging: A. power stroke becomes stronger B. loss in exhaust gets reduced C. engine can be made to run smoother D. thermal efficiency of the engine can be improved Answer: D 89. Speedometer drive is generally taken from: A. dynamo B. flywheel C. fan belt D. front wheel Answer: D 90. Odometer is: A. an instrument that indicates the condition of battery B. an instrument used for measurement of consumption C. an instrument used for BHP measurement D. an instrument used for distance measurement Answer: D 91. Automobile radiator is filled with:  A. acidic water B. alkaline water C. hard water D. soft water Answer: D 92. The ignition coil acts as: A. a capacitor B. an inductor C. an RC circuit D. a step up transformer Answer: D 93. The self starting motor for automobile is a: A. universal motor B. DC shunt motor C. DC series motor D. synchronous motor Answer: C 94. Starting motor current may be about A. 0.15 A B. 0.5 A C. 5.1 A D. 25 A Answer: D 95. As a rule before the piston are remove, it is essential to remove the: A. gudgeon pin B. circlip C. piston rings D. crank shaft Answer: C 96. Common causes for excessive oil consumption include: A. heavy oil and light bearings B. high speed and worn engine C. short trips and cold weather  D. frequent oil changes Answer: B 97. The device that is used for reducing the exhaust noise is called_____________. A. exhaust manifold B. exhaust pipe C. muffler D. none of the above Answer: C 98. The device that is used to measure the clearance between the valve and tappet of an internal combustion engine is measured by using: A. snap gauge B. slip gauge C. feeler gauge D. micrometer Answer: C 99. Which of the following instrument is used measuring specific gravity? A. thermometer B. hygrometer C. anemometer D. hydrometer Answer: D 100. Exhaust gas leakage into the cooling system is likely to occur because of defective: A. cylinder head gasket B. manifold gasket C. water pump D. any of the above Answer: A 101. Clutch slippage while clutch is engaged is specially noticeable________________. A. during idling B. at low speed  C. during acceleration D. during braking Answer: C 102. To engage securely and prevent dragging the clearance between release bearing and release collar in a clutch is generally: A. 2 – 3 mm B. 10 – 12 mm C. 20 – 22 mm D. 30 – 32 mm Answer: A 103. Gudgeon pins are made of: A. same material as that of piston B. cast iron C. hardened and ground steel D. none of these Answer: D 104. Latex is: A. a plastic B. a cover on writes carrying current to spark plugs C. a variety of lubricant D. a milky juice of rubber Answer: D 105. Cross wires on grooves on tires A. decrease the danger of skidding B. absorb shocks because of road unevenness C. provide good traction D. provide better load carrying capacity Answer: B 106. The diesel fuel pump is designed to supply fuel A. just sufficient against the demand of the injector pump B. in excess quantity than needed by the injector pump  C. a constant quantity at all engine speeds D. in sufficient quantity in accordance with the engine speed Answer: D 107. The fuel injected into the cylinder in diesel engine when the piston is: A. exactly at B.D.C. after compression stroke B. exactly T.D.C. before compression stroke C. approaching T.D.C. during compression stroke D. approaching B.D.C. during exhaust stroke Answer: C 108. In the cam, the distance between the base circle the nose is known as____________. A. flank B. nose C. lobe D. lift Answer: D 109. Dirt or gum in fuel nozzle or jets can produce: A. excessive fuel consumption B. lack of engine power C. smoky black exhaust D. white exhaust Answer: C 110. Oil pan is attached: A. to the bottom of the cylinder block B. in a separate away from the crank case C. at the top of the cylinder block D. any of the above Answer: D 111. Excess oil consumption in engine may be because of: A. leakage of oil through oil pan gasket B. poor quality or improper viscosity of engine oil C. excessive oil pressure  D. any of the above Answer: D 112. Wheel base of the vehicle is: A. distance between front and rear axis B. distance between the front tires C. extreme length of the vehicles D. width of tires Answer: A 113. The percentage of heat released from fuel mixture, in an internal combustion engine which converted into useful work is roughly: A. 10 percent B. 10 – 20 percent C. 20 – 25 percent D. 40 – 45 percent Answer: C 114.The efficiency of hydraulic braking system is: A. about 90 percent B. 60 – 80 percent C. 50 – 60 percent D. 40 – 50 percent Answer: A 115. The instrument that is used to check the state charge of a battery is called a_______________. A. hydrometer B. battery charger C. battery eliminator D. anemometer Answer: A 116.When not in use, the self discharge of an automobile battery in dry weather is generally: A. 0.5 t