Thermodynamics and Pressure Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of pressure is measured above a perfect vacuum?

  • Vacuum pressure
  • Absolute pressure (correct)
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Gage pressure

    • Which pressure is commonly measured from the level of atmospheric pressure by pressure recording instruments?

  • Vacuum pressure
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Absolute pressure
  • Gage pressure (correct)

    • What type of pressure is obtained from barometric readings?

  • Absolute pressure
  • Vacuum pressure
  • Atmospheric pressure (correct)
  • Gage pressure

    • Which term describes energy associated with the kinetic random motion of a large number of molecules?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of heat affects the temperature of a body without changing its phase?

    <p>Sensible heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heat is required to change the phase of a substance without changing its temperature?

    <p>Latent heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the measure of randomness of the molecules in a substance?

    <p>Entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ideal gas that follows both Boyle’s law and Charles’s law strictly is referred to as what?

    <p>Perfect gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature known as when specific humidity is constant in a thermometer?

    <p>dew point temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a closed vessel, which temperature is reached when equilibrium is established after vaporization?

    <p>boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature is indicated when dew starts to form on the outer surface of a cup with hot soup?

    <p>air’s dew point temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the measure of energy that is no longer available to perform useful work?

    <p>absolute entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the diagram that illustrates a graph of enthalpy versus entropy for steam?

    <p>Mollier diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not included in the first law of thermodynamics for a closed system?

    <p>internal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is considered reversible?

    <p>elastic tension and release of a steel bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a thermodynamic process?

    <p>Has successive states through which the system passes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the Brayton cycle?

    <p>It has two isentropic and two constant pressure processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Bell – Coleman cycle, which cycle is being reversed?

    <p>Joule cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a steam nozzle primarily change?

    <p>Heat energy into kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is used for measuring velocity?

    <p>Pilot tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Avogadro's number, a fundamental constant of nature?

    <p>6.02252x1023</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absolute zero on the Fahrenheit scale?

    <p>-459.7 ℉</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the continuity equation primarily relate to?

    <p>Conservation of mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation that shows the work done by a force of R Newtons over a distance L meters and its conversion to kinetic energy?

    <p>$RL = \frac{1}{2}MV^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constant is referred to as Boltzmann’s constant?

    <p>Boltzmann’s constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process when a gas is heated at constant volume?

    <p>Isometric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the Fahrenheit scale introduced by Gabriel Fahrenheit?

    <p>1720</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature represents the solid-liquid equilibrium of Mercury?

    <p>-38.87 ℃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which definition accurately describes the dew point?

    <p>The temperature to which air must be cooled at constant pressure to produce saturation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature is the liquid-vapor equilibrium of nitrogen observed?

    <p>-196 ℃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature of the solid-liquid equilibrium of Tin?

    <p>231.9 ℃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of sulfur?

    <p>444.60 ℃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a two-phase system with 30% moisture indicate about its composition?

    <p>70% vapor and 30% liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the boiling temperature of water when pressure decreases?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly represents the equivalence of 1 horsepower in Btu/hr?

    <p>2545</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the pressure above a perfect vacuum?

    <p>Gage pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Joules are equivalent to one Newton-meter?

    <p>1 Joule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is used to measure fluid velocity?

    <p>Pilot tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range qualifies as cryogenic?

    <p>-250 ℉ to -459 ℉</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton's law, how is acceleration related to force?

    <p>Acceleration is proportional to force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pressure

    • Absolute pressure is the true pressure measured above a perfect vacuum.
    • Gage pressure is the pressure measured from the level of atmospheric pressure using instruments like a pressure gauge or an open–ended manometer.
    • Atmospheric pressure is the pressure obtained from barometric reading.
    • Vacuum pressure is the pressure below atmospheric pressure.

    Thermodynamics

    • Internal energy is the energy stored within a body.
    • Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the kinetic random motion of molecules.
    • Heat is a form of energy transferred due to a temperature difference.
    • Enthalpy is the heat energy transferred to a substance at a constant pressure process.
    • Entropy is the measure of randomness of the molecules of a substance.
    • Sensible heat is the heat needed to change the temperature of a body without changing its phase.
    • Latent heat is the heat needed by a body to change its phase without changing its temperature.

    Gas Laws

    • Boyle’s Law: In a confined gas, if the absolute temperature is held constant, the volume is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure.
    • Charle's Law: In a confined gas, if the absolute pressure is held constant, the volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
    • Dalton's Law: The pressure exerted in a vessel by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures that each separate gas would exert if it alone occupied the whole volume of the vessel.

    Thermodynamic Concepts

    • Avogadro’s number is a fundamental constant of nature, and it is the number of molecules in a gram-mole. Avogadro's number is 6.02252x1023.
    • Boltzmann's constant is the ratio of the gas constant to Avogadro’s number.
    • Absolute zero is -273.15 ℃ on the Celsius scale and -459.7 ℉ on the Fahrenheit scale.
    • Degrees Rankine is the absolute temperature on the Fahrenheit scale.
    • Degrees Kelvin is the absolute temperature on the Celsius scale.
    • The liquid-vapor equilibrium of hydrogen is -253 ℃.
    • The liquid-vapor equilibrium of nitrogen is -196 ℃.
    • The liquid-vapor equilibrium of oxygen is -182.97 ℃.
    • The solid-liquid equilibrium of Mercury is -38.87 ℃.
    • The solid-liquid equilibrium of Tin is 231.9 ℃.
    • The solid-liquid equilibrium of Zinc is 419.505 ℃.
    • The liquid-vapor equilibrium of Sulphur is 444.60 ℃.
    • The solid-liquid equilibrium of Antimony is 630.5 ℃.

    Thermodynamics

    • Dew point temperature is a temperature measurement in an ordinary thermometer which has constant specific humidity.
    • The boiling point is the temperature of equilibrium in a closed vessel when vaporization takes place.
    • Absolute entropy is the measure of energy that is no longer available to perform useful work within the current environment.
    • A Mollier diagram is a graph of enthalpy versus entropy for steam.
    • Inertia is the reaction of inertia in an accelerated body.

    Thermodynamic Processes

    • The Brayton cycle has two isentropic and two constant pressure processes.
    • The Bell-Coleman cycle is a reversed Joule cycle.
    • A steam nozzle changes heat energy into kinetic energy.
    • A pilot tube is a device used to measure fluid velocity.
    • Conservation of mass is applicable to both viscous and non-viscous fluids.
    • Work done by a force of R Newtons moving in a distance of L meters is converted entirely into kinetic energy and expressed by the equation: RL = 1/2 MV².
    • Isometric process is a process when gas is heated at constant volume.
    • Adiabatic process is a process when the expansion or compression of gas takes place without transfer of heat to or from the gas.
    • Atomic transmutation is the changing of an atom of an element into an atom of a different element with a different atomic mass.
    • Atmospheric pressure or air pressure is the weight of the column of air above the earth’s surface.
    • A dehydrator is a system that keeps moisture from passing through it.
    • In a two-phase system, a 30% moisture means 70% vapor and 30% liquid.

    Additional Facts

    • 1 hp in Btu/hr equals 2545.
    • One Newton-meter is equal to 1 Joule.
    • Cryogenic temperature ranges from -250 ℉ to -459 ℉.
    • Supersaturated state exists when the temperature of a saturated steam is higher than the saturation temperature at the same pressure.
    • Newton’s law states that acceleration is proportional to force.
    • Force is defined as a simple push or pull.
    • Gauge pressure is the pressure above zero.
    • If an initial volume of an ideal gas is compressed to one–half its original volume and to twice its original temperature, the pressure quadruples.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of key concepts in thermodynamics and pressure measurements. This quiz covers absolute pressure, gage pressure, and various forms of energy such as internal energy and kinetic energy. Prepare to evaluate your knowledge on the laws governing gases and heat transfer.

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