Industrial Arts: Masonry (Prepare Masonry Materials) Grade 9 PDF

9 INDUSTRIAL ARTS: MASONRY (PREPARE MASONRY MATERIALS) Learner’s Material This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeho...

9 INDUSTRIAL ARTS: MASONRY (PREPARE MASONRY MATERIALS) Learner’s Material This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at [email protected]. We value your feedback and recommendations. Department of Education Republic of the Philippines Technology & Livelihood Education – Grade 9 Industrial Arts: Masonry - (Prepare masonry materials) Learner’s Material First Edition, 2014 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC Undersecretary: Dina S. Ocampo, Ph.D. Development Team of the Learner’s Material Consultant: Rosendo R. Rafael, Howard Mark N. Plete and Clodualdo V. Paiton Authors: ROBERTO S. DAQUIL and FERNANDO N. MAGALANG Editor: Lando T. Guzman Reviewers: Dr. Orlando E. Manuel, Dr. Fely L. Manuel, Dr. Romeo R. Vicmudo, Merham N. Abelardo, Arnel C. Anonical, Joel G. Castillo, Marvin A. Mendoza, Lino A. Olit Illustrator: Subject Specialists: Albert Erni, James Julius M. Liquigan, Owen S. Milambiling Management Team: Lolita M. Andrada, Jocelyn DR Andaya, Bella O. Mariñas and Jose D. Tuguinayo Jr. Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS) Office Address: 5th Floor Mabini Building, DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City Philippines 1600 Telefax: (02) 634-1054 or 634-1072 E-mail Address: [email protected]  Table of Contents PREPARE MASONRY MATERIALS Introduction.......................................................................................................................1 Pre/Diagnostic Assessment..........................................................................................2 Information Sheet 1.1.....................................................................................................2 Self-Check 1.1...................................................................................................................5 Information Sheet 1.2.....................................................................................................5 Self-Check 1.2...................................................................................................................7 Information Sheet 1.3.....................................................................................................8 Self-Check 1.3...................................................................................................................9 Activity Sheet 1.1.............................................................................................................9 Pre/Diagnostic Assessment........................................................................................10 Information Sheet 2.1...................................................................................................11 Information Sheet 2.2...................................................................................................11 Activity Sheet 2.1...........................................................................................................13 Summative Assessment................................................................................................14  PREPARE MASONRY MATERIALS Content Standard Performance Standard The learner demonstrates The learner independently understanding of the prepares masonry materials underlying principles in according to workplace preparing masonry materials practices INTRODUCTION This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Masonry I. It includes instructions and procedure on how to mix concrete. This module consists of 3 learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning activities supported by information sheets. Before you perform the instructions, read the information sheets and answer the SELF CHECK and activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your instructor that you have acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular learning outcome. Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment to check your achievement of knowledge and skills requirements of this module. If you pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion. Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding module on Perform Basic Rebars. SELECT TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS NEEDED IN HAULING AND MIXING  Identify tools, materials, and equipment used in hauling according to work requirements  Identify tools, materials and equipment used in mixing according to work requirement  Determine quantity and quality of material to be hauled according to job requirement  Inspect the materials to be used  Identify tools, materials, and equipment used in accordance with the job requirement 1 PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT A. Directions: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words or group of words. Write your answers on another piece of paper. 1. ____________________ is a material formed through the combination of calcium silicate and aluminate. 2. ____________________ are bricks made from clay materials used on exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and other architectural application where the size, color and texture are especially important. 3. ____________________ are inert materials such as sand and gravel. 4. ____________________ are the most commonly used materials for wall and partitions. 5. ____________________ are made from clay and other materials. INFORMATION SHEET 1.1 Materials Used in Masonry Concrete Building Materials includes the following: 1. Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) Concrete hollow blocks are the most widely used masonry materials for all types of construction such as walls, partition and fences. Concrete blocks are building modules resembling large bricks molded from concrete (see fig.1). Comercial sizes of CHB are as follows: 4” x 8” x 16”, 5” x 8” x 16”, and 6” x 8” x 16”, 2. Bricks Bricks are manufactured from clay and other minerals processed into a workable consistency, molded to sizes and fined in kiln for stronger, more attractive products (fig.1) Kinds of Bricks a. Common Bricks are bricks made from clay such as the ordinary commercial bricks. b. Face Bricks are bricks made from clay materials used on exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and other architectural application where the size, color and texture are especially important. 2 c. Calcium Silicate Bricks are bricks made from clay or non-clay materials used in furnace construction where resistance to temperature as high as 178o C is required. 3. Cement Cement is a combination of calcium silicate and aluminate. The most extensively used for common masonry works is the Portland cement. It is a very strong material used for small and large construction, including roads and highways. Different types of Cement Used in Construction a) The ordinary portland cement b) The rapid hardening portland cement which is prefered when high early strength is desired c) The blast furnance or sulphate cement which is used on structures designed to resist chemical attacts d) The portland pozzolan cement with a low hardening characteristic concrete e) The low heat portland cement used for massive section designed to reduce the heat of hydration f) The high alumina cement also called aluminous cement or cement fundu having prodominant alumina oxide of at least 32% by weight Types of Cement a. TYPE I – a normal cement which is commonly used for general construction b. TYPE IA – this is a normal air entraining cement c. TYPE II – a modified cement for use in concrete in contact with soil or water containing sulfates d. TYPE IIA - this is a moderate sulfate resistant and air entraining cement e. TYPE III – a high early strength cement f. TYPE IIIA – high early strength air entraining cement g. TYPE IV – low heat of hydration cement, developed for use in massive structures such as dams h. TYPE V – a special high sulfate resistant cement for use in structures exposed to fluids containing sulfates such as sea water. 4. Angular and Round Aggregates These are inert materials such as sand and gravel. There are fine and coarse aggregates. Aggregates smaller than 10 millimeter in diameter are classified as fine, while aggregates bigger than 10 millimeters in diameter are coarse. 5. Water Water intended for mixing should be clean and free from oil, acid. alkali, salts or other organic materials. 3  Figure1. Concrete block is a modular material and half-units are offered to complete a project. Figure2. Concrete products typically come in dry, ready-to- mix versions 4  SELF-CHECK 1.1 Direction. Box the words/the different masonry materials which you can find in the word puzzle. C R F A C E B R I C K S A X E E A G G R I G A T E S F O W F M K A H K R L U W Q A Z A T K E I S C A E C R O M F T D U Q N P I V H T U G E O A N U A H T R E O N A K Y U H O L L O W B L O C K W A X C S C O M M O N B R I C K S INFORMATION SHEET 1.2 Masonry Anchors, Ties and Reinforcements Steel Reinforcement is the most widely used reinforcing material in most constructions. It is an excellent partner of concrete in resisting both tension and compression stresses. Comparatively, steel is ten times stronger than concrete in resisting compression load hundred times stronger in tensile stresses. Types of Reinforcement a) Square or round bars – Plain b) Deformed bars – Uneven surface Identification of Steel Bar Distinguishing the different shapes and sizes of bar is a problem. One might accidentally use a lower strength or smaller size of steel bars from what is being required. All deformed bars are provided with descriptive marking, identifying the manufacturer usually by an initial and the bar size number from 3 to18 including the type of steel such as;  N – for billet  A – for axis  Rail sign – for rail steel 5 Additional marking for identifying high strength steel bars: Main ribs Main ribs Initial of M M M Manufacturer 6 Bar size 6 Bar size 6 A N Steel type R Grade mark Grade 40 One line Grade 60 Grade 50 60 two line Grade Figure 2 Marking System 75 Table of Standard Weights STANDARD WEIGHT OF DEFORMED ROUND STEEL BARS Bar Unit Bar Commercial Length Diameter Weight ∅mm Kg/m 6.0 m 7.5 m 9.0 m 10.5 m 12.0 m 10 0.616 3.696 4.620 5.544 6.468 7.392 12 0.888 5.328 6.660 7.992 9.324 10.656 16 1.578 9.468 11.835 14.202 16.569 18.936 20 2.466 14.796 18.495 22.194 25.893 29.592 25 3.853 23.118 28.898 34.677 40.457 46.236 28 4.834 29.004 36.255 43.506 50.757 58.008 32 6.313 37.878 47.348 56.817 66.287 75.756 36 7.990 47.940 59.925 71.910 83.895 95.880 6 Tie Wire for Steel Reinforcement Tie wire refers to gauge no.16 galvanized iron wire popularly called G.I. tie wire. Tie wire is used to secure the steel bars in its designed position before accepting fresh concrete. Ordering tie wire is not by foot or meter or on its desired length but by kilogram or roll. One roll is equivalent to 40 to 45 kilograms or approximately 2,285 meters at 53 meters per kilogram. The length of each tie wire depends upon the size of the bars to be tied on. The most common size of steel reinforcement specified for concrete hollow blocks is either 10 mm, 12 mm depending on the plan and specification. However, tie wire is cut into length ranging from 20 to 40 centimeters, long folded at the center is accepted. SELF CHECK 1.2 Direction: Identify what is asked for. Use another sheet of paper for your answers. Types of steel bars 1. N _______________ 2. A _______________ 3. RS______________ Marking system 4 M 5 6 6 N 7 8 7  Kinds of steel bar 9. ______________ 10 Tie Wire 11. Tie wire Gauge No._________________ 12. Weight _________________ 13. Length of one roll _________________ 14. Length of each tie wire ________________ 15. Length per kilo ______________________ INFORMATION SHEET 1.3 Types and uses of hauling tools equipment and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Tools and Equipment used in Hauling Materials for Masonry Work 1. Spade or shovel is a tool for digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials, such as soil, coal, gravel,snow, sand, or ore. Shovels are common tools that are used extensively in agriculture,construction, and gardening. 2. Trowel – A flat-bladed hand tool for leveling, spreading, or shaping substances such as cement or mortar. 3. Water container is a container suitable for hauling the water needed for the mixture of concrete. 4. Wheel barrow a cart with two handles, a large bowl, and usually one wheel that is used for carrying heavy loads of dirt, rocks, and is used for transporting the aggregates and cement. 8  5. Buggy is a light carriage for transporting and carrying construction materials especially for big jobs. 6. Measuring Box is the most commonly used and the easiest way in proportioning the volume of concrete; sand and gravel SELF CHECK 1.3 Direction: Identify what is asked for. Use another sheet of paper for your answers. 1. _____________________ is a light carriage for transporting and carrying construction materials especially for big jobs. 2. ____________________ is a container suitable for hauling the water needed for the mixture of concrete. 3. ___________________ is a tool for digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials, such as soil, coal, gravel,snow, sand, or ore. They are common tools that are used extensively in agriculture,construction, and gardening. 4. __________________ is a flat-bladed hand tool for leveling, spreading, or shaping substances such as cement or mortar. 5. _________________ is the most commonly used and the easiest way in proportioning the volume of concrete sand and gravel. ACTIVITY SHEET 1.1 Identifying Types and Uses of Tools, Equipment and PPE  Tools and Equipment: - Helmet - Safety shoes - Proper uniform - Gloves - Dust masks - Safety goggles - Buggy - Wheel barrow - Pallet 9  - Pallet track - Pail - Measuring box - Shovel  Procedure: A. Identifying tools and equipment 1. Borrow the following tools and equipment and PPE from the tool room and state the uses. a. Helmet b. Safety shoes c. Proper uniform d. Gloves e. Dust masks f. Safety glasses g. Buggy h. Wheel barrow i. Pallet j. Pallet track k. Pail l. Measuring box m. Shovel HAUL MATERIALS  Check availability of hauling equipment  Haul construction materials PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT A. Direction: Write true if the statement is correct and false if the statement is wrong. 1. Listen to the instruction and take note of the precautionary tips given by the teacher. 2. While working, do not engage in house play. 3. Use only tools and equipment that are in good condition. 4. Do not report any accident to the teacher, you might be scolded. 5. Do not bend your knees and do not keep your back upright when lifting heavy objects. Do not bend from the waist. 10  INFORMATION SHEET 2.1 Safety Practices in Masonry 1. Listen to the instruction and take note of the precautionary tips given by the teacher. 2. While working, do not engage in house play. 3. Use only tools and equipment that are in good condition. 4. Report any accident to the teacher, no matter how minor it is. 5. Bend your knees and keep your back upright when lifting heavy objects. Do not bend from the waist. INFORMATION SHEET 2.2 Types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The PPE regulation covers all private and public sector workers in general industry who are exposed to hazardous processes, conditions and toxic substances. 11 Here are what Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)requires for specific types of PPE. A. Eye and Face Protection Safety glasses or face shields are worn any time work operations can cause foreign objects to get in the eye. For example, during welding, cutting, grinding, nailing or when working with concrete and/or harmful chemicals or when exposed to flying particles, or any electrical hazards, including working on energized electrical systems. Eye and face protectors are selected based on anticipated hazards. B. Head Protection Hard Hat is a light weight protective helmet made of plastic or metal worn by construction workers. Wear hard hats where there is a potential for objects falling from above, bumps to the head from fixed objects, or of accidental head contact with electrical hazards. Routinely inspect them for dents, cracks or deterioration; replace after a heavy blow or electrical shock; maintain in good condition. C. Hand Protection Gloves are required to protect workers from cuts, scrapes, punctures, burns, chemical absorption, or extreme temperatures. Gloves should fit snugly. Workers should wear the right gloves for the job (examples: heavy-duty 12 rubber gloves for concrete work; welding gloves for welding; insulated gloves and sleeves when exposed to electrical hazards). D. Hearing Protection Earplugs/earmuffs are plugs of cotton or rubber that is fitted to the air canal for protection against the entry of loud noise. Use earplugs/earmuffs in high noise work areas where chainsaws or heavy equipment are used; clean or replace earplugs regularly. ACTIVITY SHEET 2.1 Procedure in Hauling of Construction Materials  Tools and Equipment: a. Helmet b. Safety shoes c. Proper uniform d. Gloves e. Dust masks f. Safety glasses g. Buggy h. Wheel barrow i. Pallet j. Pallet track k. Pail l. Measuring box m. Shovel Procedure: 1. Prepare tools and equipment for hauling masonry materials a. Shovel b. Buggy c. Wheel barrow 2. Check work schedule on the jobsite and see to it that the quantity and types of the materials are appropriate to the job required. 3. Use the proper tools and equipment in hauling of materials. 4. Haul the materials to the work location according to the instruction of your teacher. Qty Unit Material Description 5 Bags Cement 0.5 cu.m Sand 0.5 cu.m Gravel 13  Note: Observance of safety measure at work prevents accidents. Rubrics for Assessment 1. Observance of correct procedure 30% 2. Speed of work 10% 3. Correct Materials are hauled 25% 4. Proper handling of tools. 20% 5. Safety Work habits 15% 100% SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT I. Direction: Fill in the blank with the word or group of words to complete the statement. 1. The bricks made of clay used in exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and other architectural applications where the size, color, and texture are important are called _____________________. 2. A type of cement commonly used in small and large construction such as roads and buildings and other concrete works is ________________________. 3. A type of cement used in structures designed to resist chemical attacks __________________. 4. Aggregates smaller than 10 mm in diameter are classified as fine, while aggregates bigger than 10 mm in diameter are ______________. 5. The brick made of clay such as the ordinary and commercial bricks are called ___________________. 6. An important material intended for mixing aggregates and must be free from oil, acid, alkali, salts and other organic materials is ____________________. 7. ________________________is considered the most common and widely used material for concrete reinforcement. 8. A galvanized iron, usually gauge 16, used to hold reinforcement materials in place is _______________________. 14  9. The most common sizes of rebars used in concrete hollow blocks laying are either _____________________ or ______________________. 10. Tie wire is cut into length ranging from ________cm to _______ cm long folded at the center. 11. The most appropriate tool used in digging, lifting and moving bulk materials such as soil, coal, gravel and sand is __________________. 12. ________________ is a tool for leveling, spreading, or shaping substances such as cement or mortar. 13. _________________ is commonly seen on the job site used for transporting the aggregates and cement. 14. A job site is not complete without this tool used to measure the proportion of sand and gravel to that of the cement._______________ 15. ____________________ is suitable for hauling water needed for the mixture of concrete. II. Complete the table with the needed information. COMMON AREAS FOR TYPE OF PPE USES PROTECTION Eye and Face Protection 1. 2. 3. Hard Hat 4. Protection from cuts, burns, chemical 6. absorption or extreme 5. temperature Hearing Protection 7. 8. III. Enumerate/list the procedure in Hauling. 1. __________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________ 15