Ideology and Constitution of Pakistan Lecture 4 PDF

Ideology and Constitution of Pakistan Lecture: 4 Quaid-e-Azam’s Role in the Development of Two-nation Theory Objectives of the lecture: 1920, Ghandhi had emerged as a political leader Jinnah resigned from Congress. 1920s, Muslim league and Jinnah were over shadowed by...

Ideology and Constitution of Pakistan Lecture: 4 Quaid-e-Azam’s Role in the Development of Two-nation Theory Objectives of the lecture: 1920, Ghandhi had emerged as a political leader Jinnah resigned from Congress. 1920s, Muslim league and Jinnah were over shadowed by Congress and the Khilafat leaders. Reasons of Nehru Report 1928 and why the report proposed new dominion status constitution for India. Quaid’s Personal life: He was born on 25th December 1876 in Karachi He Joined mission high school, Bombay from he passed his matriculation. Went to England & joined Lincoln’s inn. 1895, called to the Bar. Returned to Karachi in 1896 Entry into Politics: Entered into politics in 1906. Joined congress (self government by adopting constitutional means. 4 years later, Jinnah elected to the imperial Legislative Council. All India Muslim League was Established (1906): The communal idea that the Muslims are a separate nation was sown into the Indian political ethos first by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, a philosopher and Muslim reformist. 1906, Muslims became conscious of their separate identity, but Quaid-e-Azam did not join it & kept away from it. On 30 December 1906, around 3000 delegates attended a conference of the Muhammadan Educational Conference at Dhaka in which the ban on politics was removed and a motion was moved to form the AIML.  Conti… The name was proposed by Nawab Khwaja Sir Salimullah Bahadur and seconded by Hakim Ajmal Khan. The AIML was the first Muslim political party of India. The party’s chief aim was to promote and secure civil rights for Muslims. It espoused loyalty to the British government as a means to achieve more political and civil rights.  The Objectives of the League were: To create among Muslims the feelings of loyalty towards the British Government. To safeguard the political rights of the Muslims and to convey the same to the government. To prevent the rise of prejudice against other communities of India among the Muslims.  Quaid-e- Azam joined Muslim League (1913): Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined the league in 1913. He left the congress because he realized that Hindus are not trustworthy. And he support the Muslims of subcontinent. Many Muslims joined Muslim league and struggle for their rights. Muslim League was committed to the Indian freedom and self Quaid-e-Azam and Two Nation Theory: Quiad-e-Azam was a firm advocate of two nation theory which became the ideological basis Pakistan. He considered the Muslims as a separate nation. He said: " Pakistan was created the day the first Indian National entered the field of Islam".  Conti… He defined the two nation theory as: " The Muslims are a nation by every right to establish their separate homeland. They can adopt any means to promote and protect their economic social, political and cultural interests.“  Lucknow Pact (1916): In 1915, two organizations held meetings. Muslim league agreed to Hindu demands of representation while Congress agreed to Muslim demand of separate electorate. It was signed between Indian national congress and all India Muslim league at a joint session of both parties. In 1916, Lucknow pact was concluded.  Ambassador of Hindu Muslim unity: Lucknow Pact was signed by a lot of struggle of Quaid e Azam. Advocate of Hindu Muslim unity. After that Quaid-e-Azam was given the tittle of ambassador of Hindu  Demands of Lucknow Pact : There should be: Separate election. Self rule. Number of elected seats in council increased. Minorities in provinces should be protected. All provinces should be granted autonomy.  Quaid-e-Azam’s 14 Points: The report was given in a meeting of the council of the League All India Muslim League on 9 March 1929. The Nehru Report was criticized by Muslim leaders Aga khan and Muhammad Shafi. They considered it as a death warrant because it recommended joint electoral rolls for Hindus and Muslims. Muhammad Ali Jinnah left for England in May 1928 and returned after six months. In March 1929, the Muslim League session was held at Delhi under the presidency of Jinnah. In his address to his delegates, he consolidated Muslim viewpoints under fourteen items and these fourteen points became Jinnah's 14 points.  14 Points: 1. The form of the future constitution should be federal, with the residuary powers vested in the provinces; 2. A uniform measure of autonomy shall be guaranteed to all provinces; 3. All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be constituted on the definite principle of adequate and effective representation of minorities in every province without reducing the majority in any province to a minority or even equality; 4. In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than one third; 5. Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by means of separate electorate as at present: provided it shall be open to any community, at any time to abandon its separate electorate in favor of a joint electorate.  Conti… 6. Any territorial distribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in any way affect the Muslim majority. 7. Full religious liberty, i.e. liberty of belief, worship and observance, propaganda, association and education, shall be guaranteed to all communities. 8. No bill or resolution or any part thereof shall be passed in any legislature or any other elected body if three fourths of the members of any community in that particular body oppose it as being injurious to the interests of that community or in the alternative, such other method is devised as may be found feasible and practicable to deal with such cases. 9. Sindh should be separated from the Bombay Presidency.  Conti… 10. Reforms should be introduced in the North West Frontier province and Baluchistan on the same footing as in the other provinces. 11. Provision should be made in the constitution giving Muslims an adequate share, along with the other Indians, in all the services of the state and in local self-governing bodies having due regard to the requirements of efficiency. 12. The constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of Muslim culture and for the protection and promotion of Muslim education, language, religion, personal laws and Muslim charitable institutions and for their due share in the grants-in-aid given by the state and by local self-governing bodies. 13. No cabinet, either central or provincial, should be formed without there being a proportion of at least one-third Muslim ministers. 14. No change shall be made in the constitution by the Central Legislature except with the concurrence of the States constituting of the Indian Federation.