Bibliography Presentation PDF

M2 Chimie(org-app) Documentation Ch3. Bibliography presentation. I-5- Bibliography presentation A bibliography is a list of works on a subject or by an author that were used or consulted for writing a research paper, book, or article. It may also be referred to as a "...

M2 Chimie(org-app) Documentation Ch3. Bibliography presentation. I-5- Bibliography presentation A bibliography is a list of works on a subject or by an author that were used or consulted for writing a research paper, book, or article. It may also be referred to as a "works cited" list. It enhances the credibility of the research by providing transparency about the sources used, allowing readers to verify and explore the referenced materials further. It also helps avoid plagiarism by giving proper credit to original authors. Systems for Presenting a Bibliography 1. Citation Styles APA (American Psychological Association) and Harvard or alphabetic: Commonly used in social sciences, this style employs an author-date citation system. The bibliography is titled "References" and entries are listed alphabetically by the author's last name. This system is used in the beginning of writing because it is very easy. Examples: - According to Smith (2020), social media has a significant impact on mental health. - Social media has a significant impact on mental health (Smith, 2020). Vancouver or numeric: References are numbered in Arabic numerals in the text according to their appearance in the manuscript. When a reference is cited several times, it keeps the same numbering (For example, if a source is cited first as , it will always be referred to as thereafter, even if cited multiple times). In the bibliography section, references are listed in numerical order. This system is often used in scientific writing for maintaining clarity and ease of reference, ensuring that readers can easily locate cited sources based on their appearance in the text. Examples: - "Levitt argues that…" - "Several studies have explored this topic [1,4,8]." - "Recent research has shown conflicting results [3–6]." Mixed system: References are listed in alphabetical order in the bibliography section and referred to as such in the text. This system is the most convenient for reading but the most difficult to write. It is used in French-language journals. SE Rahmani Documentation 14 M2 Chimie(org-app) Documentation Ch3. Bibliography presentation. 2. Types of Bibliographies - Standard Bibliography: Lists all sources consulted during research, formatted according to the chosen citation style. - Annotated Bibliography: Includes summaries or evaluations of each source alongside the citation. This format helps clarify the relevance of each source to your research. 3. Formatting Guidelines - Ensure consistency in formatting throughout the bibliography. This includes double-spacing, indentation for entries, and maintaining uniformity in punctuation and capitalization. - The bibliography should start on a new page with the title centered at the top (e.g., "Bibliography" or "References"). 4. Digital Tools - Utilize reference management software (e.g., EndNote, Zotero, Mendeley) to organize citations and automatically format your bibliography according to your chosen style. 5. Footnotes/Endnotes - Some styles allow for footnotes or endnotes to provide additional information or commentary about sources without cluttering the main text. 6. Alphabetical Order - Entries should be organized alphabetically by the last name of the first author listed for each source. If multiple works by the same author are included, they should be arranged chronologically. By selecting an appropriate system for presenting your bibliography and adhering to formatting guidelines, you can enhance the professionalism and credibility of your dissertation. SE Rahmani Documentation 15 M2 Chimie(org-app) Documentation Ch3. Bibliography presentation. Presenting documents When a data in the manuscript comes from an external source or a sentence is directly derived from a search, it is imperative to mention this immediately in the text of the manuscript. Otherwise, the text will be seen as stolen and the writer may be punished by law. The main rule is that the reader should be able to easily identify all documents mentioned in the text by reference to bibliographical references. The rules for the presentation of bibliographic information cover: - The nature, order and wording of the elements constituting each bibliographical reference; - The criteria for sorting references in the list of bibliographical references; - The nature and presentation of the elements constituting each bibliographical citation. The presentation rules presented here are based on two AFNOR standards which correspond to translations into French of international ISO standards: - Z 44-005. Documentation: Bibliographical references: Content, form and structure December 1987, which reproduces the entire ISO 690-1987; - Z 44-005-2 or NF ISO 690-2. Information and documentation: Bibliographical references: Part 2: electronic documents, complete documents or parts of documents. February 1998, which fully reproduces ISO 690-2:1997. In a dissertation, the bibliography (or reference list) includes all the sources that you have referenced throughout your research. These sources can come from various types of documents, each of which must be formatted according to the specific citation style you are using (e.g., APA, MLA, Vancouver, Harvard, Chicago, etc.). Below are the common types of documents that may appear in the bibliography of a dissertation: 1. Books: Single-author books, Edited books, Books with multiple authors, Textbooks or scholarly reference books, E-books. Examples:Smith, J. Theories of Social Behavior. Academic Press, 2015.Green, J., & Brown, T. (Eds.). Sociological Perspectives on Urban Life. Oxford University Press, 2016. SE Rahmani Documentation 16 M2 Chimie(org-app) Documentation Ch3. Bibliography presentation. 2. Journal Articles: Peer-reviewed journal articles (most common in academic research), Research articles, Review articles, Letters to the editor (if relevant), Case studies. Examples:Thompson, L. M., & Miller, K. J. (2018). Cognitive development in adolescence. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22(3), 102-118.Harris, A. (2020). The future of renewable energy. Energy Science Journal, 12(5), 34-45. 3. Theses and Dissertations: PhD theses, Master’s theses, Doctoral dissertations. Examples:Taylor, H. (2017). Exploring cognitive behavior in adolescent development. PhD thesis, University of London.Brown, C. (2019). The impact of digital media on education. MA thesis, Harvard University. 4. Conference Papers and Proceedings: Conference papers (often cited when presenting new research findings), Abstracts, Proceedings of conferences, Poster presentations. Examples:Clark, P., & Lewis, D. (2019). Technological advances in education. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Education Technology; 2019 Jun 10-12; London, UK. London: Education Press, pp. 45-60.Robinson, M. (2020). Social media and mental health. Abstracts of the National Psychology Conference, 45. 5. Reports: Government reports, NGO reports, Corporate or institutional reports, Research reports from organizations, White papers. Examples:World Health Organization. (2019). Global report on health and wellness. Geneva: WHO. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2017). Guidelines for mental health care. London: NICE. 6. Websites and Webpages: Websites (for digital-only resources), Online news articles, Blogs, Web-based research papers, Reports published online, Government or institutional websites. Examples: Johnson, R. (2020). Social media and youth culture. Digital Trends. Available at: https://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/youth-culture. Accessed: 15 Nov 2024. National Institute of Mental Health. (2023). Anxiety disorders. Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders. Accessed: 20 Oct 2024. SE Rahmani Documentation 17 M2 Chimie(org-app) Documentation Ch3. Bibliography presentation. 7. Newspaper and Magazine Articles: Newspaper articles (daily or weekly publications), Magazine articles (monthly or special-interest periodicals), Special issues or publications. Examples:Harris, A. (2020). The future of renewable energy. The Guardian, 5 May, p. 8-9.Johnson, L. (2019). The rise of artificial intelligence in healthcare. Time Magazine, 12 December, p. 45-49. 8. Films, Documentaries, and Videos: Films, Documentaries, TV shows (if cited), Web videos or YouTube channels, Educational videos. Examples:Spielberg, S. (1993). Schindler's List. USA: Universal Pictures. Green, J. (2018). The Future of Climate Change. [Documentary]. BBC Studios. 9. Interviews and Personal Communications: Interviews (personal or professional), Email correspondence, Letters or memos, Phone interviews, Private conversations or discussions. Examples:Doe, J. (2020). Interview with author. Personal interview. 20 March 2020. Brown, S. (2021). Email to author regarding recent research developments. 12 May 2021. 10. Legal and Legislative Documents: Statutes, Court cases, Regulations, Legal opinions, International agreements or treaties. Examples: United Nations. (2015). Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Paris: United Nations. Smith v. Johnson, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 10004. 11. Patents and Standards: Patents, Technical standards, ISO standards. Examples: United States Patent No. 6,987,654. (2005). Smartphone with advanced battery life. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. ISO 9001:2015. (2015). Quality management systems – Requirements. International Organization for Standardization. 12. Audio and Music Sources: Music albums, Songs, Podcasts, Interviews and discussions recorded in audio format. Examples: The Beatles. (1967). Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. Parlophone Records. Taylor, J. (Host). (2020). The Future of Artificial Intelligence [Podcast]. Technology Today. Available at: https://www.technologytoday.com/podcast. SE Rahmani Documentation 18