Bibliography and Citation Styles Quiz

Bibliography Presentation

• A bibliography is a list of sources used for a research paper, book, or article.
• It builds credibility by showing transparency in sources.
• It prevents plagiarism by giving credit to original authors.

Citation Styles

• APA (American Psychological Association) and Harvard/alphabetic:

  • Used in social sciences.
  • Author-date citation system.
  • "References" is the title.
  • Entries are alphabetized by author's last name.
  • Easy to use at the beginning of writing.

• Vancouver/numeric:

  • Uses Arabic numerals in the text, according to appearance.
  • References are numbered in the order they appear in the manuscript.
  • References are listed numerically in the bibliography.
  • Good for clarity of reference in scientific writing.

• Mixed system:

  • Alphabetical order in the bibliography, but referred to alphabetically in the text.
  • Most convenient to read but hardest to write.
  • Often used in French-language journals.

Types of Bibliographies

• Standard Bibliography: Lists all sources consulted, formatted according to the chosen style.
• Annotated Bibliography: Includes summaries/evaluations of each source alongside the citation. This helps clarify the relevance of each source to the research.

Formatting Guidelines

• Maintain consistency in formatting throughout the bibliography.
• Use double-spacing.
• Indent entries.
• Maintain uniform punctuation and capitalization.
• The bibliography starts on a new page, centered with a title like "Bibliography" or "References."

Digital Tools

• Reference management software (EndNote, Zotero, Mendeley)
• Organizes citations and automatically formats the bibliography.

Footnotes/Endnotes

• Allow additional information about sources without disrupting the main text.

Alphabetical Order

• Entries are alphabetized by the last name of the first author.
• If multiple works by the same author appear, arrange them chronologically.

Presenting Documents

• When using external sources or directly quoting, mention the source immediately in the text to avoid plagiarism and ensure easier identification by the reader.
• Presentation rules are based on AFNOR (French) standards corresponding to ISO standards for content, form, and structure of bibliographic references.
• The bibliography includes all referenced sources.
• Various types of documents might appear in a bibliography (e.g., books, journal articles, conference papers, reports, websites).

Types of Documents in Bibliographies

• Books: (Single-author, Edited, Multiple authors, Textbooks, Scholarly reference books, E-books)
• Journal Articles: (Peer-reviewed, Research articles, Review articles, Letters, Cases)
• Theses and Dissertations: (PhD, Master's, Doctoral)
• Conference Papers & Proceedings: (Conference papers, Abstracts, Proceedings, Posters)
• Reports: (Government, NGOs, Corporate, Institutional, Research)
• Websites and Webpages: (Websites, News articles, Blogs, Research papers, Reports, Government or Institution sites)
• Newspapers and Magazine Articles: (Daily/weekly publications, Special issues)
• Films, Documentaries, and Videos: (Movies, Documentaries, TV shows, Web videos)
• Interviews and Personal Communications: (Personal/professional, Email, Letters, Phone, Conversations)
• Legal and Legislative Documents: (Statutes, Court cases, Regulations, Legal opinions, International agreements)
• Patents and Standards: (Patents, Technical standards, ISO standards)
• Audio and Music Sources: (Music albums, Songs, Podcasts, Interviews/discussions)

Test your knowledge on the importance of bibliographies and various citation styles. Understand how different citation formats like APA, Harvard, and Vancouver contribute to academic credibility and prevent plagiarism. Revise key aspects of each system and their appropriate use in research writing.