Reference Examples (APA & Harvard) PDF

References Cletus Kwaku Mbowura Cletus Kwaku Mbowura wrote a book and published it in 2021. His first name is Cletus, his middle name is Kwaku, and his surname is Mbowura. How would the author arrange his name on the cover of the book to meet conventional international standards? A. Cletus Kwak...

References Cletus Kwaku Mbowura Cletus Kwaku Mbowura wrote a book and published it in 2021. His first name is Cletus, his middle name is Kwaku, and his surname is Mbowura. How would the author arrange his name on the cover of the book to meet conventional international standards? A. Cletus Kwaku Mbowura. B. Mbowura Cletus Kwaku C. Mbowura Kwaku Cletus D. Kwaku Cletus Mbowura ISBN: International Series Book Number APA (American Psychological Association) The APA style has two ways of annotation (citation). These are in-text citation and reference list. In-Text Reference & Reference List It is the citation of authorities in the body of the text. The reference information needed for the in-text citation or reference are the following: surname/family name(s) of author(s), year of publication, and page number where a quotation is made. One Author of Textbook (One Person) Reference information needed for in-text reference: 1. Surname 2. Year of publication 3. Page number of the book which a quotation is made In-Text Examples Seidu Mahama Alidu published a book in 2020. There are many fools in this class (Alidu, 2020). “There are many fools in this class” (Alidu, 2020, p. 14). According to Alidu (2020), there are many fools in this class. According to Alidu (2020, p. 14), “there are many fools in this class.” In-Text Textbook with two or three authors Seidu Mahama Alidu Awaisu I. Braimah Cletus K. Mbowura NB: Use “&” between the names between authors. Do not use ‘and”. In GCTU, one can easily identify some fools in some classes (Alidu, Braimah & Mbowura, 2021). “There seem to be many fools in other classes in GCTU” (Alidu, Braimah & Mbowura, 2021, p. 23). In the view of Alidu, Braimah and Mbowura (2021), one can easily identify some fools in some classes in GCTU. In the view of Alidu, Braimah and Mbowura (2021, p. 23), “there seem to be many fools in other classes in GCTU.” Textbook with four or more authors In-Text NB: Use “&” between the names between authors. Do not use ‘and”. Seidu Mahama Alidu Awaisu I. Braimah Cletus K. Mbowura Agyemang Edwin Osei Angela Donyinah Rachael Tijani Amadu et al. (a Latin abbreviation which mean “and others”) (Alidu et al., 2019) Page number (Alidu et al., 2019, p. 111). According to Alidu et al. (2019) without page number According to Alidu et al. (2019, p. 111) with page number. Note: et al. should not be italicized (et al.); neither should it be emboldened as et al. Reference List Surname followed by comma, then initials of other names. Year of publication in brackets followed by a full stop. Title of the book followed by a full stop. City/Town where the book was published followed by a comma, then followed by the country and then followed by colon. Name of publishers followed by a full stop. Alidu, S.M. (2020). How fools behave in tertiary schools in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Patapaa Publishers. No Date of Publication: Use n.d. to refer to no date of publication In-Text There are many fools in GCTU (Mbowura, n.d.) According to Mbowura (n.d., p. 10) Reference List (No date of publication) Mbowura, C.K. (n.d.). How fools behave in tertiary schools in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Patapaa Publishers. In-Text references to many authorities There are many fools in GCTU (Mbowura, n.d.; Alidu, 2021; Mensah, 2020) Chapter in an Edited Book In-Text Editors of a book are the following: Seidu Mahama Alidu Awaisu I. Braimah Cletus K. Mbowura We are making reference Chapter 3 by Angela Donyinah Some students find it difficult to understand basic elements in referencing (Donyinah, 2019). without a page number. “Some students find it difficult to understand basic elements in referencing” (Donyinah, 2019, p. 101) with page number. According to Donyinah (2019), some students find it difficult to understand basic elements in referencing. According to Donyinah (2019, p. 101), “some students find it difficult to understand basic elements in referencing.” Lecture Slides/Lecture Notes/Course handout In-Text (Mbowura, 2023) without a page number. (Mbowura, 2023, p. 11) with a page number. According to Mbowura (2023) without a page number. According to Mbowura (2023, p. 11) with a page number. Journal article Charity Boatemaa Danquah Title of article: Fools in GCTU: An appraisal Name: Journal of GCTU Year of publication: 2022 Number 22 Issue 4 Page numbers of the journal where the article is located. If it is an online journal, then indicate the DOI (digital object identifier) or the website address. Indicate date the article was accessed online. ORCID In-Text Christian Boison Danquah published an article in a journal Some students find it difficult to understand basic elements in referencing (Danquah, 2022) “Some students find it difficult to understand basic elements in referencing” (Danquah, 2022, p. 67) According to Danquah (2022, pp. 67-68), “some students find it difficult to understand basic elements in referencing.” Interview Name of interviewee: Charity Boatemaa Danquah Date of interview: August 20, 2023 Some students find it difficult to understand basic elements in referencing (Charity Boatemaa Danquah, personal communication, August 20, 2023) Newspaper Article with an author In-Text Author: Angela Coffie (Coffie, 2023) According to Coffie (2023) According Coffie (2023, p. 14), “there are many thieves in GCTU.” Newspaper Article without an author In-Text Title of the article: Criminals in tertiary schools in Ghana There are many thieves in GCTU (“Criminals”, 2023) “There are many thieves in GCTU” (“Criminals”, 2023, p. 13) According “Criminals” (2023, p. 14), “there are many thieves in GCTU.” Magazine Article Name of the author Year of publication Title of the publication Name of the magazine Number of the magazine Issue of the magazine Page numbers (Coffie, 2023) or Coffie (2023), (Coffie, 2023, p. 11) or Coffie (2023, p. 11). Thesis/Project work Angela Coffie In-Text (Coffie, 2023) or Coffie (2023), (Coffie, 2023, p. 11) or Coffie (2023, p. 11). Authors with many publications in the same year. If there is an author with many publications in the same year, and if those publications are referred to, use alphabets such as “a”, “b”, “c” etc. to distinguish between them. In-Text Examples; (Mbowura, 2019a) (Mbowura, 2019b) (Mbowura, 2019c) (Mbowura, 2019d) Publication without a date When reference is made to a publication that has no date of publication, use “n.d.” (an abbreviation which means “no date) in both the In-Text and the Reference List. In-Text Example: (Mbowura, n.d.) or Mbowura (n.d.) without page number. (Mbowura, n.d., p. 12) or Mbowura (n.d., p. 12) with page number. Using multiple sources in an In-Text reference When reference is made to multiple sources to a particular point in an In-Text reference, use semi colon to separate the citations. Example: According some authorities/scholars, there are criminals in GCTU (Mensah, 2014; Mbowura, 2019; Alidu, 2022; Akumbia, 2023) NB: All titles italicized when the reference information is typed are underlined when the reference information is handwritten. Authors with the same family/surname In-text (Alabi & Alabi, 2020); (Alabi & Alabi, 2020, p.11) Reference to multiple pages (Mahama, 2019, pp. 5-9) Summary of the In-Text APA Referencing Style No Autor Example In-text Reference 1 One author (Mahama, 2019) This is used when reference is made to a source material with a single author and without a page number (Mahama, 2019, p. 21) This is used when reference is made to a source material with a single author and with a page number (Mahama, 2019, pp. 21-23) This is used when reference is made to a source material with a single authorship and with multiple page numbers 2. Two authors (Mahama & Bawumia, 2024) This is used when reference is made to two authors of a reference material without a page number (Mahama & Bawumia, 2024, p. 15) This is used when reference is made to a  source material with two authors author and with a page number (Mahama & Bawumia, 2024, pp. 15-19) This is used when reference is made to a source material with two authors and with multiple page numbers 4. Three authors (Mahama, Bawumia & Akpalo, 2024) This is used when reference is made to three authors of a reference material without a page number (Mahama, Bawumia & Akpalo, p. 27) This is used when reference is made to a source material with three authors author and with a page number (Mahama, Bawumia & Akpalo, pp. 27- This is used when 28) reference is made to a source material with three authors and with multiple page numbers 5. Four or more (Mahama et al., 2023) This is used when authors reference is made to four or more authors of a reference material without a page number (Mahama et al., 2023, p. 22) This is used when reference is made to a source material with four or more authors author and with a page number (Mahama et al., 2023, pp. 22-25) This is used when reference is made to a source material with four or more authors and with multiple page numbers 6 Multiple sources (Mahama, 2020; Bawumia, 2019; Reference to multiple Akpalo, 2017) sources of a claim without page numbers  Authors with the (Mahama & Mahama, 2024) References to authors same with the same family family/surname name. 6. Author(s) with (Mahama, n.d.), (Bawumia, n.d., p. 17), Reference to author(s) no date of (Akpalo, n.d., 17-19), (Mahama & of a source material publication Bawumia, n.d.), (Mahama, Bawumia & without dates of Akpalo, n.d.), (Mahama et al., n.d.) publication Reference List (APA) One author of book Surnames of authors followed by comma, then initials of other names. Year of publication in brackets followed by a full stop. Title of the book followed by a full stop. City/Town where the book was published followed by a comma, then followed by the country and then followed by colon. Name of publishers followed by a full stop. NB: Use “&” between the names between authors. Do not use ‘and”. Book with three authors Alidu, S.M., Braimah, A.I. & Mbowura, C.K. (2021). How fools behave in tertiary schools in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Patapaa Publishers. Reference List Surnames of authors followed by comma, then initials of other names. Year of publication in brackets followed by a full stop. Title of the book followed by a full stop. City/Town where the book was published followed by a comma, then followed by the country and then followed by colon. Name of publishers followed by a full stop. NB: Use “&” between the names between authors. Do not use ‘and”. Book with four authors or more Alidu, S.M., Braimah, A.I., Mbowura, C.K., Osei, A.E., Donyinah, A. & Amadu, R.T. (2019). How fools behave in tertiary schools in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Patapaa Publishers. Chapter in an edited book Donyinah, A. (2019). Fools in GCTU: An appraisal. In S.M. Alidu, A.I. Braimah & C.K. Mbowura (Eds.), How fools behave in tertiary schools in Ghana (pp. 31-48). Accra, Ghana: Patapaa Publishers. Lecture slides Family of the lecturer, initials of other names, year of lecture in brackets, full stop. Lecture number, title of lecture, [indicate type in square brackets], full stop. City/Town of lecture, country, colon, and then university where the lecture was held. Mbowura, C.K. (2023). Lecture 8: References [Lecture slides]. Tesano, Ghana: GCTU. Journal article Danquah, C.B. (2022). Fools in GCTU: An appraisal. Journal of GCTU, 22(4), pp. 61-77. https://gctu/journal.com (Accessed 21/8/2022). Article in a Newspaper with an author Coffie, A. (2023, August 14). Criminals in tertiary schools in Ghana. Daily Graphic, Ghana, pp. 12-14. Article in a Newspaper without an author Criminals in tertiary schools in Ghana (2023, August 14). Daily Graphic, Ghana, pp. 12-14. Article in a Magazine Coffie, A. (2023). Criminals in tertiary schools in Ghana. P&P, 12(9), p. 69. Project work Coffie, A. (2023). Criminals in tertiary schools in Ghana (Unpublished undergraduate dissertation). GCTU, Ghana. Author with multiple publications in a year Mbowura, C.K. (2019a). Criminals in tertiary schools in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Woeli Publishers. Mbowura, C.K. (2019b). Criminals in cassocks in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Woeli publishers. Mbowura, C.K. (2019c). Blatant criminality in the public sector in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Shoe Shine Publishers. Mbowura, C.K. (2019d). Woes of a patriot in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Adehye Publishers. Book without a date of publication Mbowura, C.K. (n.d.). Criminals in cassocks in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Woeli publishers. Harvard Referencing Style Reference List 1. Textbook Surname of Author + initials of other names. Year of publication in brackets Title of book. Edition (if there is one). Place of publication Publishers In-Text (Keteku, 2017) or Keteku (2017) (Keteku, 2017, p. 18) or Keteku (2017, p.18) If the authors are four or more (Keteku et al., 2017) or Keteku et al. (2017) (Keteku et al., 2017, p. 18) or Keteku et al. (2017, p. 18) Reference List Example: One author of a book APA Mbowura, C.K. (2019). Criminals in cassocks in Ghana. 2nd edition. Accra, Ghana: Woeli publishers. Harvard Mbowura, C.K. (2019) Criminals in cassocks in Ghana. 2nd edition. Accra, Ghana: Woeli publishers. Two authors of a book APA Mbowura, C.K. & Alidu, S.D. (2019). Criminals in cassocks in Ghana. 2nd edition. Accra, Ghana: Woeli publishers. Harvard Mbowura, C.K. and Alidu, S.D. (2019) Criminals in cassocks in Ghana. 2nd edition. Accra, Ghana: Woeli publishers. 2. A Chapter in an edited book Surname of Author + initials of other names. Year of publication in brackets Title of the chapter. Edition (if there is one). Names of editors Title of the book Place of publication Publishers Page numbers  Harvard Engmann, J.E. (2006) ‘How assessment frames student learning’, in Bryan, C. and Mbowura, C.K. (eds.) Learning in a conducive environment in tertiary schools in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: GCTU Publishers, pp. 19-28. APA Engmann, J.E. (2006). How assessment frames student learning. In Bryan, C. and Mbowura, C.K. (Eds.), Learning in a conducive environment in tertiary schools in Ghana (pp. 19-28). Accra, Ghana: GCTU Publishers. 3. Journal article Surname of Author + initials of other names. Year of publication in brackets Title of the article. Title of the Journal Number. Issue Page numbers Harvard Engmann, J.E. (2006) ‘How assessment frames student learning’, Journal of GCTU, 4(2), pp. 19-28. APA Engmann, J.E. (2006). How assessment frames student learning. Journal of GCTU, 4(2), pp. 19-28. 4. Online Journal Surname of Author + initials of other names. Year of publication in brackets Title of the article. Title of the Journal Number. Issue Page numbers DOI or website address  Harvard Engmann, J.E. (2006) ‘How assessment frames student learning’, Journal of GCTU, 4(2), pp. 19-28. Available at: https://www.gctu.edu.gh. (Accessed: 20 August, 2023). APA Engmann, J.E. (2006). How assessment frames student learning. Journal of GCTU, 4(2), pp. 19-28. https://www.gctu.edu.gh. (Accessed 20/08/2023). 5. E-book Surname of Author + initials of other names. Year of publication in brackets Title of book. Edition (if there is one). Place of publication Publishers Website address Harvard Engmann, J.E. (2006) How assessment frames student learning. Accra, Ghana: Homemade Books. Available at: https://www.gctu.edu.gh. (Accessed: 20 August, 2023) APA Engmann, J.E. (2006). How assessment frames student learning. Accra, Ghana: Homemade Books. https://www.gctu.edu.gh. (Accessed 20/08/2023). 6. Magazine Article Surname of author + initials of other names Title of the article in the magazine Name of the magazine Number of the magazine is 12 Issue of the magazine is 9 Page numbers Harvard Engmann, J.E. (2006) ‘How assessment frames student learning’, P&P, 12(9), pp. 1-4.  APA Engmann, J.E. (2006). How assessment frames student learning. P&P, 12(9), pp. 1-4. 7. Newspaper article Surname of author + initials of other names Title of the article in the newspaper Name of the newspaper Number of the newspaper Issue of the newspaper Page numbers Harvard Engmann, J.E. (2006) ‘How assessment frames student learning’, Daily Graphic, Ghana, 12(9), pp. 1-4. APA Engmann, J.E. (2006). How assessment frames student learning. Daily Graphic, Ghana, 12(9), pp. 1-4. Chicago Manual style1 There are some fools in GCTU. Amadu Tijani Rachael is a fool, while Charity Akowua is a nitwit.2 It appears there many fools in GCTU than expected.3 Some students are in the university in pretense; they appear as students, but in reality, there are thieves.4 According to Ayitey, there are hundreds of fools in level 100 in GCTU, but there is handful of them in level 400.5 However, level 200 appears to be the level with lots of fools in GCTU. According to Mbowura, there are about three hundred fools in level 200, a number far more than the number of fools in level 100.6 1 Cletus K. Mbowura, Fools in GCTU: A reflection (Accra: Nitwit publishers, 2021), p. 17. 2 Ibid., p. 20. 3 Emmanuel Ocloo, Criminals in GCTU (Accra: Ayigbe Town Publishers, 2018), p. 112. 4 There are a number of cases that show that some people in GCTU are not students but they parade themselves as students in an attempt to rob genuine students. 5 Samuel Ayitey, A comparative study of fools in levels in GCTU (New York: Longman, 2022), p. 101. 6 Mbowura, op.cit., p. 117. Mbowura described how the fools in level 200 behave. One of them was described as the most foolish one because he has to be beaten before he is able to reason.