Anatomy Lecture Notes PDF

Lecture 1 Intro Pre health Syllabus Anatomical Terminology Pericardium Peri around cardio heart Pituitary gland secretion of mucus located in the.FI hEce sellatvreica is part of the sphenoid bone...

Lecture 1 Intro Pre health Syllabus Anatomical Terminology Pericardium Peri around cardio heart Pituitary gland secretion of mucus located in the.FI hEce sellatvreica is part of the sphenoid bone of skull moth like islets of E erman Physiologist Coponym named after somebody Pancreatic Islets In pancreas Lecture 2 1 BODY REGIONS CAVITIES A.NL L REGION EEE EIN cranium neck  9 trunk thores.tn iEavity a abdominal thorax vertebral canal pelvic by divided Thoracic cavity resp 5ham Abdomino pelvic cavity B APPENDICULAR REGION limbs Ber girdles pet EEE.i.si ia hkEnaec.ua region shoulder 1 84 Gluteal Region buttocks Arm BE me Thigh femoral region Elbow Knee Forearm antebrachium Leg crural region Wrist carpal region Ankle tarsal region Hand manus foot pes 2SKELETAL SYSTEM INTRODUCTION FUNCTIONS OF BONES A Structure protection support movement attatchments B mineral storage calcium phosphate magnesium  C houses bone marrow red bone marrow hema oP production yellow bone marrow immune system 3 BONE SHAPES reflects development A Long bones IMages B Short bones blobs Bp Special type sesamoid bone P tops in a tendon C F one O D Irregular vertebra bone sphenoid Lecture 3 1 WHAT IS A TISSUE Histology study of tissues lab microscopes What is a tissue collection of cells that function together organs multiple tissues Four main typesp connective nervous muscle  each have subtypes see tissue ch 4 Connective tissue CT 3 main subtypes 1 CT Proper tendons fat adipose CT 2 Supporting CT bone cartilage 3 Fluid CT blood lymph 2 WHAT IS A BONE from organ organ built multiple tissue types femur long bone in thigh femoral reg observe BRIM epiphysis integffges diaphysis shaft metaphysis between Tissues 2 types of bone A compact bone thick cortex bark periostium outer endosteum inner lining lining rea.IE B Spongy bone cancellous bone see in epiphyses esp 3 WHAT IS A BONE OSSEOUS TISSUE A supporting connective tissue 55b All CT's cells in a matrix extracellular matrix A Matrix protein fibers in a ground substance The fibers e.g collogen organic protein flexibility  ground substanceHydroxyapatite Ca Poy OH strong hard crystal salt inorganic in tooth enamel B Cell types osteo bone 1 s stem cells in endosteum osteo.gg 1 liningmedullary marrow cavity 2 Osteoblasts an example of a fibroblast II bributarger cells that synthesize matrix 3 osteocyte mature bone cell embedded in matrix living cells sort 4 osteoclasts large macrophase secrete HCI hydrochloric dissolve bone acid C Osteons structural functional unit of compact bone tubes of coypact CT cells in a matrix C Osteons 2 D slice of osteon an osteocytes reside in lacunae little lakes rings of the matrix are lamellae like treerings a canals contain blood vessels but  bra Lecture 4 4 AXIAL SKELETON I 1 Adult Human Axial 80 Appendicular 126 A Axial Skeleton skull In Vertebral 26 bones Thore YE C Definition Articulations AuditsTies 3 2 6 Jint or connectionbetween 2 bones Hyoid 1 bone the Exians iegies.ie B Functions of Skull temporomandibular joint Housing special sences Ingestion chewing swallowing IR ry systemsineses nasal Protection cranial meninges 11 GENERAL FEATURES OF SKULL A Assembly it i EantstEEEdipioe mater sooooooo dura at sutures pacing IsJoint 4 Notesutural bones Config É i e Development see fontanels elles Paying superior between frontal parietal ex.ph E E t5fg B Regions of skull 1 cranial bones cranium encase brain contact cranial meninges 2 facial bones more anterior inferior to cranium no contact  C Cavities Cranial cavities orbits nasalcavity oral cavity paranasal sinuses Lecture 5 AXIAL SKELETON 11 SKULL Reminder knowing meaning helps memory retrieval Lots of structures ex condyle 111 CRANIAL BONES A Frontal Bone 1 REL sides fuse in utero anterior Superior cranium anterior cranial fossa majority of frontal sinus superior sup posterior orbit ft superiorbital foramen or notch glabella between eyebrows coronal suture B Parietal Bones 2 R L Note sutures coronal sagittal lambdoid squamus sutur É EF temporal lines laiso on frontal 6 lateral post sup cranium CTemporal Bones 2 Irregular share lateral view infeagan Four named parts 1 squamus part flat a zygomatic process of temporal bone b mandibular fossa part of TMJ 2 tympanic part a external acoustic meatus YES styloid process of temporal bone Matt 3 Mastoid Process Mastoid process contains air cells like a sinus 4 Patreous Part see cranial floor 1 part of middle crania fossa houses middle inner structures material acoustic meatus Lecture 6 D Occipital Bone i Post inf base of skull posterior cranial fossa becomes foramen magnum Paste inapetaster occipital condyles articulate w C1 Atlas external occipital protuberance superior ine nuchal lines E Sphenoid.fi inAYE Ih PEeriororbit É middle cranial fossa sella turoica pit gland sits here sphenoid al sinus or greater lesser wings moth F Ethmoid  major contributer to nasal cavity small contributor to ant cranial fossa the structure cribiform plate Y.gggii iii Efgma nasalal perpendicular partsb superior a Middle nasal plural hyphae Also note ethmoidal conchae cells IV FACIAL BONES Rayong YE A Maxillae 2 ant med orbit medial part of cheekbone lat to nasal cavity Zygomatic process of maxilla Infraorbital foramen nasal car contribution Eff anterior hard palate upper jaw maxillary sinuses Lecture 7 Axial Skeleton IV B Zygomatics 2 Cheek bones  Artic w both temporal b maxillae Zygomatic arch compound Struc w temporal bone Passage for temporalis muscle Contribute to lateral inf orbit C Nasal Bones 2 small paired I suffer bridge of nose D Lacrimal Bone 2 medial orbit artic w maxilla forms channel for lacrimal duct sac leads into nasal cavity drainage system from orbit into nasal cavity E Inferior Nasal Conchae 2 its own bone not part of ethmoid lat walls nasal cavity F Palatine Bone 2 posterior hard palate post floor lat wall nasal cavity very small contribution to orbit hard soft palate separate oral nasal cavities G Vomer I plow Inf bony part of nasal septum  Sep R L sides nasal cavity Artic w plate of ethmoid 1 Mandible I 2 1 bone in utero saw Regions on ramus lowey D Ramus condylar process longs 13 Angle Body good epistles n'ment 52,1 Body of mandible see also maxilla see anead gomphosis Ties type fibrous mental foramen protruding chin unque to human species mental protuberance V Associated Bones greathern lesser A Hyoid tongue bone Inf mandible superior to layux site of many muscle aft Lecture 8 B Auditory Ossicles 3 2 6 housed in petrous part of temporal bone stapes stirrup middle ear  incur anvil malleus hammer VI Vertebral Column B me dment passageways for spinalnerveshumans A Cervical Vertebrae 7 C1 s shapedcurve homosapiens CF yes movement C1 Atlas artic superficially w occipital condyles C2 Axis artic superiorally w atlas Aiss A Dens no movement odff process 32yatiantoaxialjointle.gr of pivot soluti thing 2nd amicals.FI I mntnedE C2 26 bifid spinous processes note e C1 6 transverse foramina Tote 7 vertebra prominens name B Thoracic Vertebra 12 Entre model Spinousprocess iiiii.it re EE Iiii Superior articularprocesses Anterior 7 Bodies frogesses of T verts artic w ribs 11 Trigger TIE Tog slender spinous processes 91 ing  Lecture 9 Axial End and Appendicular Start C Lumbar Vertebrae 5 sameatgereral thicker blunter processes stability support less rotation In a symphysis joint subtype EE a isEEEQ.i s res ucleus purposis reagent E It p D Sacrum and Coccyx Sacral vertebrae 5 1 sacrum sacrum bowlofsoul Coccygeal vertebrae tall bone 421g coccyx coccyx specific structures for lab tn resiiiiipiatined Sacrum articulates with ilium Phiptp Sacroiliac joint SI joint type of synovial joint VII Thoracic Cage EYE get cartilage costal relates to rips A Ribs 12 pairs bone w a strip of hyaline ytilage rib costal cartilage  Head of rib neck artic w the t verts Coppola or Distal end of rib artic w sternum most True ribs 1 7 cc art directly w sternum False ribs 8 12 8 10 cc art indirectly w sternum floating ribs 11 12 no costal cartilage not all false ribs are floating ribs center red bone marrow B Sternum 3parts notan cancer notangey t.is 5 hiiiii body glad Yord latin xiphoidprocess littlesway Lecture 10 Appendicular Skeleton 2 girdles appended to the axial skeleton 4 limp 1 Pectoral Girdle clavicle scapula I is i i t A Clavicle an 1 collar bone Clinical easily broken T.gg gsteenma w m3 Plhm ribs 2 7 flat bone I shape cover Be Scapula if movement  add to notes better drawing i.EE E Y in EEIEFII. a s i t Hip sacres n Point I 11 Pelvic Girdle Innominant cosse Hypoppe code Three named bones fuseinto one A Ilium Iliac fossa iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine ant inferior iliac spi Greater sciatic notch w ischium B Ischium sties Ischial lesser Erps Is art w the ilium pubis C Pubis pubic bone s R L sides meet ant pubic symphysis mm Disks Revein N Eetabulum chmitinattmruct abalabtckeeadlsfng.int joint post IIe obtureor foramen  Lecture 11 Joints 1 Appendicular Skeleton 11 ThreeMajor Categories of Joints A Fibrous Joints think threads like sutures 1 Sutures 2 Gomphoses 3 Syndesmosis B Cartilagenous 1 Syncondroses e g costochondral joints rib 1 a sternum L epipyy.se plates 2 Symphyses e.g pubicsymph indiscs histologyfibro cartilage C Synovial Joints 6 subtypes e g hinge pivot ball and socket most moveable 111 Upper LIMB brachium arm antebrachiumforearm A Humerus proximal head greater lesser tubercles intertubercular sulcus anatomical neck surgical neck Shaft diphysis deltoid tuberosity distal medial lateral epicondyles condyles 1 capyyyy.mn lateral outside off 2 trochief muddial inside radius Muna  B Radius Ulna 2 bones in antebrachium forearm Distal to numerous head of radius Pr TEnd prox tiniest in FM EIII.EE's EEE we EE nm distal styloid processes headof ulna Pisiform sesamoid C Carpals x the carpal bits R ÉÉÉximal row s old lunate triquetrum pisitffnlpeorp.nu iy namated distal row yt.gg m trapazoid capitate D Metacarpals Phalanges prox thumb polex I 1 Is Ihand 27 bones 2 hands 54 bones 1 Lecturve 12 Lower Limb Synovial Joints Histology hoffen.tt h ball and eer socket joint Clinical broken hip often femoral neck note greater lesser troclanters lineaaspera lateral epicondyle a condyles 2 2 151  Patella eg of a sesamoid bone B FbUlaI legbones crural region Igq weight bearing larger medial to fibula part of knee joint Interosteus membrane between shafts Distal a L a be ankles palpate C T bones ÉÉ 14 Lecture talus most superior tarsal bone artic w tibia fibula calcaneus heel bone projects posteriorally D Phaangeskn.s i.IT great toe hallux thumb polex En Felton humans humans adducted hallux doesnt stick out Syvaldoint gross anatomy bones that articulate articuley ftp.ltyatheee Itilge Ytd session name one go.in E Eitvialfividinto syppy uid lubricates cushions nutrients joint health legg Example Tibiofemural joint knee clinical vein 9.7 Clinical osteo rheumatoid arthrit note medial lateral condyles of femur 15 115 areestate'rY ligaments anteriorposteriorcruciate ligaments bsfeualpaF.EE shift