HSCI 10197 Lecture 2 2024 (1).ppt

HSCI 10197: PHARMACOLOGY II LECTURE 2 Lecture 2  Questions from last class?  Any announcements or events?  Quiz 1 (open May 27 12am-11:59pm)  15 minutes  15-20 MC  Based on notes and definitions completed by end of today’s class (not disease pre...

HSCI 10197: PHARMACOLOGY II LECTURE 2 Lecture 2  Questions from last class?  Any announcements or events?  Quiz 1 (open May 27 12am-11:59pm)  15 minutes  15-20 MC  Based on notes and definitions completed by end of today’s class (not disease presentations) HSCI 10197 Disease Support Mtg  In order of the list of diseases  Cover…  Introduce yourself and  What it is, simple your condition explanation  ~2 minutes each  How it affects a  Be open to questions person  Everyone take quick notes the common of new concepts symptoms  They will come up again, no how affects daily worries if you don’t catch it all today living  You will be presenting  How is it acquired again when your topic  Who does it target comes up in lectures, keep  How is it treated information handy  HSCI 10197: PHARMACOLOGY II LECTURE 2 Unit 2: Drugs and The Respiratory System Package 1: Allergies/Antihistamines and Anti-allergics Textbook Chapter 31  Allergic Reaction  What are allergies? Terminology Exercise  Use textbook readings come up with a definition and an illustration  Work in groups of 2-3 – assign a scribe and an illustrator – the term to focus on will be assigned  Scribe be prepared to write your definition on nearpod  Illustrator be prepared to draw your term on nearpod  Answers on MyCanvas (release after class) Terminology Exercise 1. Allergy 9. Anaphylaxis 2. Allergen 10. Histamine 3. Antigen 11. H1-Receptor 4. Antibody 12. H2-Receptor 5. Rhinitis 13. Antihistamine 6. Erythema 14. Anti-allergic 7. Dermatitis 15. Xerostomia 8. Urticaria 16. Sedation Allergen Antigen Antibody Allergy Test Dermatitis Mild Severe Rhinitis Urticaria Xerostomia Anaphylaxis Obj #3 Action of Histamine 1. Vascular Effects dilation of capillaries – transient hypotension erythema in skin leaky capillaries – fluid and proteins escape causing irritation of nasal membranes or hives Action of Histamine 2. Extravascular Smooth Muscle  Contraction of smooth muscles (intestines or bronchioles) 3. Cardiac Effects  Rapid heart beat  At high levels may cause arrhythmias Obj #4 Indications for Antihistamines  Acute allergic reactions:  hay fever, insect bites, pet dander, minor food/drug allergies  rhinitis, dermatitis, itchy eyes, scratchy throat, urticaria,  Dry nasal secretions (anticholinergic component)  often in cough/cold products  Sleep aids (due to sedative properties)  Reduction of nausea and vomiting  including Motion Sickness Obj #5 Drug Interactions: 1st Generation  Older generation antihistamines have a prominent sedating effect  Sedation is greatly increased when antihistamines taken in combination with:  Hypnotics  Sedatives  Anxiolytics  Alcohol  Narcotic analgesics  Muscle relaxants  other CNS depressants  Obj #7 Advantages of 2nd Generation  More selective for peripheral H1- receptors  Therefor a lot less sedating  Therefor a lot less drying  May be useful for patients refractory to older agents  Longer half-life, may be dosed once daily Obj #8 Common Side Effects More Common SE’s Drowsiness and sedation Dry mouth (xerostomia) Dry mucous membranes  1st generation antihistamines have higher potential for all three Less Common SE’s (typically only seen in overdose) Hypotension Urinary retention Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) Epigastric distress Obj #9 Antihistamines 1. Ethanolamines  most sedating, highest anticholinergic effects  Dimenhydrinate (OTC)  Diphenhydramine (OTC) 2. Alkylamines  highest potential for CNS stimulation, medium for epigastric distress  Chlorpheniramine (OTC) Antihistamines 3. Phenothiazines (Rx only)  high anticholinergic effects, moderate sedation  Promethazine Prescribed when OTC options not effective for maintenance 4. Other first generation  Hydroxyzine (Rx only)  Very sedating  Often prescribed for puritis/urticaria related reactions Antihistamines Groups 1-4 are “First Generation Antihistamines” (older) Second Generation (all OTC)  Cetrizine  Fexofenadine  Loratidine  Desloratidine *CPS group exercise to find the 9 brand names and dosage forms of both first and second generation antihistamines. ~8-9 minutes (may use chart posted on MyCanvas) Obj #10-11 Antiallergic Agents Cromolyn Sodium aka Sodium Cromoglycate (and Nedocromil, D/C’d)  Mechanism of Action  Prevent release of histamine through degranulation of mast cell  Also called Mast Cell Stabilizers  Preventative strategy only  (See diagram in text page XXX, old text 470)  Indications  Prophylactic in  chronic bronchial asthma (oral or inhaled) – adjunct tx  allergic rhinitis (nasal inhaler)  food allergies (oral)  allergic conjunctivitis (eye drops) Antiallergic Agents  Dosage Forms and Strengths (use CPS to find)  Nalcrom  Opticrom  Alocril Chapter Review (if time)  In groups of 4 (no more, no less), answer questions in text on page XXX (old text 482 or 515) – Chap 31 Understanding Terminology(4) and Acquiring Knowledge (8) Work until the end of class, if not done in class, homework Use roles below to accomplish group task LEADER – oldest person Assigns roles, divides up work, encourages all to participate TIME KEEPER Watches progress and time frame, keeps people on track and focused RECORDER Records answers from group in legible manner and shares REPORTER Prepares to present answers from group to class Homework (1/2)  On placement  See how many antihistamines are sold Which is most popular?  Ask what the most common antibiotic is  Next class student presentations:  Allergies, Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema  Quiz#1 May 27 online  15-20 MC Actions and effects of medication notes & definitions Allergies – notes, definitions, medications, text questions Homework (2/2)  Study from:  Lecture 1 - Unit 1 Pkg 1  Lecture 2 - Unit 2 Pkg 1  Read Chap 31 – Anti-histamines and Anti-allergics  Complete identified chap review questions (previous slide)  Complete drug name list (posted)  Unit 2 Pkg 2 (Bronchodilators) – READ AHEAD  Textbook Chap 32