HRE CHAPTER 1-3.pdf

CHAPTER 1: Importance of 6. MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT (or Transportation, Modes of combined transport) is per Transportation, Scope of Highway definition a combination of at and Traffic Engineering least two or more different modes...

CHAPTER 1: Importance of 6. MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT (or Transportation, Modes of combined transport) is per Transportation, Scope of Highway definition a combination of at and Traffic Engineering least two or more different modes to move your cargo from a place in one country to another country. ▪ TRANSPORTATION is defined as the movement of people and goods 7. ALTERNATIVE MODES OF from one point to another. TRANSPORTATION includes e-bike, bicycle and electric-powered ▪ ENGINEERING is the application vehicles. of mathematics and sciences in designing, testing and building 8. TRADITIONAL MODE OF of machines, structures and TRANSPORTATION includes kalesa and processes other wheeled cargo pulled by an animal. ▪ TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING is a branch of civil engineering that is involved in the planning, design, operation, and BRANCHES OF TRANSPORTATION maintenance of safe and ENGINEERING efficient transportation systems. 1. HIGHWAY ENGINEERING DIFFERENT MODES OF TRANSPORTATION Engineers in this specialization: 1. LAND TRANSPORT is the transport or movement of people, animals or  Handle the planning, design, goods from one location to another construction, and operation location on land. of highways, roads, and  RAIL TRANSPORT other vehicular facilities  ROAD TRANSPORT as well as their related bicycle and pedestrian 2. SPACE TRANSPORTATION is the realms transportation of people and cargo to and from orbiting spacecraft,  Estimate the transportation and to glide to a runway landing on needs of the public. its return to Earth's surface.  Analyze locations of high 3. AIR TRANSPORTATION is the traffic volumes and high movement of passengers and cargo by collisions for safety and aircraft such as airplanes and capacity helicopters.  Use engineering principles 4. MARITIME TRANSPORT (or ocean to improve the transport) and fluvial transport, transportation system or more generally waterborne transport, is the transport of  Utilize the three design people (passengers) or goods (cargo) controls, which are the via waterways. drivers, the vehicles, and the roadways themselves 5. PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION is a method of transportation which involves movement of solid, liquid or gaseous products over long distances through pipelines. 2. RAILROAD ENGINEERING Transportation is the backbone of economic growth,  Railway engineers handle the a country with no efficient design,construction, and transportation network is operation of railroads and a poor country... mass transit systems that -Anonymous use a fixed guideway (such as light rail or monorails). IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION,  Typical tasks include CHARACTERISTICS OF ROAD TRANSPORT determining horizontal and vertical alignment design, Transportation plays a major role station location and design, in the daily life of human beings. and construction cost It is necessary for things to be estimating. moved around and as transportation systems have developed over time,  Railroad engineers can also the speed and efficiency of these move into the specialized systems have improved drastically. field of train dispatching which focuses on train A society cannot function optimally movement control. if it does not have measures in place to facilitate transport. From movement to work to travel around 3. AIRPORT ENGINEERING the world, being able to arrive at various places or deliver different  Airport engineers design and items on time is vital for overall construct airports. productivity and sustainable development.  Airport engineers must account for the impacts and demands of aircraft in their TRANSPORTATION IN DAILY LIFE design of airport facilities. 1. TRANSPORTATION FOR WORK  These engineers must use the analysis of predominant wind Distribution and accessibility of direction to determine resources results in more economic runway orientation,determine opportunities, for individuals as the size of runway border well as businesses. Many industries and safety areas, different rely on fast and efficient wing tip to wing tip transportation to receive raw clearances for all gates and materials and deliver manufactured must designate the clear or processed goods – without which zones in the entire port. people couldn’t buy and use them. 2. TRANSPORTATION FOR CONNECTIVITY 4. PORTS AND HARBOR ENGINEERING Transportation connects communities  Port and harbor engineers throughout a country, and different handle the design, countries across the world. construction, and operation Transport not only links products of ports, harbors, canals, and consumers, but also broadens and other maritime knowledge and fosters international facilities. relationships. 3. TRANSPORTATION FOR CONVENIENCE TRANSPORTATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT From next-day delivery on Shopee or Lazada, to ordering a late-night pizza on FoodPanda and GradFood, modern life is prospering in more convenient ways than ever thanks to transportation. You can drive or take the bus or train to work in a city miles away, and pop to the shops for something whenever you need to. 4. TRANSPORTATION FOR WELL-BEING Transportation is also crucial in supplying and sharing life-saving resources like medication and hospital equipment. From police and firefighters to government offices, our security and safety often Core. The most fundamental impacts depend on internationally developed of transportation-related to the technologies. Everything comes back physical capacity to convey to transportation. passengers and goods and the associated costs to support this 5. TRANSPORTATION FOR BUSINESS mobility. This involves setting routes enabling new or existing It’s essential for any business to interactions between economic be able to procure materials, take entities. them to a production location, and distribute their final goods. Operational. Improvement in the Transportation connects companies time performance, notably in terms to suppliers and customers, of reliability, as well as reduced creating an important framework loss or damage. This implies a that allows supply to meet personal better utilization level of and professional demands. existing transportation assets benefiting its users as passengers and freight are conveyed more 6. TRANSPORTATION FOR MOVEMENT OF rapidly and with fewer delays. GOODS Geographical. Access to a broader The most obvious and significant market base where economies of way that transportation helps scale in production, distribution, businesses is by facilitating the and consumption can be improved. movement of goods. As transport Increases in productivity from the methods have developed throughout access to a larger and more diverse history, so have production and base of inputs (raw materials, distribution. This is especially parts, energy, or labor) and vital for perishable and broader markets for diverse outputs agricultural goods like poultry and (intermediate and finished goods). dairy. Another important geographical impact concerns the influence of transport on the location of activities and its impacts on land values. ▪ At the macroeconomic level (the 2. WALKING: Walking is a means of importance of transportation for transport that is a whole economy), transportation commonly done on the road, it is and related mobility are linked used for only on short distance to a level of output, employment, trips. and income within a national economy. In many developed 3. AUTOMOBILE: this is motorized economies, transportation vehicle consisting of wheels and it accounts for between 6% and 12% is powered by an internal engine of the GDP. Further, logistics and does not operate on railways costs can account for between 6% like trains and trolleys. and 25% of the GDP. The value of Automobiles are used to transport all transportation assets, people and items from one location including infrastructures and to another location on roads. vehicles, can easily account for half the GDP of an advanced 4. CYCLING: this is also referred economy. to as biking or the use of bicycle; this means of transportation is ▪ At the microeconomic level (the often used for conveying people or importance of transportation for goods within short and moderate specific parts of the economy), distance trips. transportation is linked to producer, consumer, and 5. BUS: this is a road vehicle distribution costs. The designed to carry passengers and importance of specific transport goods to various locations. Some activities and infrastructure buses are designed with a large can thus be assessed for each capacity to convey about 18 to 60 sector of the economy. Usually, passengers at a time on larger higher income levels are roads. associated with a greater share of transportation in consumption 6. HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES: these are expenses. Transportation vehicles designed for heavy work accounts for between 10% and 15% for example the pick-up truck, of household expenditures. In Truck tractors with a GVWR above comparison, it accounts for 26,000 pounds, heavy duty vans, around 4% of the costs of each heavy-duty trailers and tankers. unit of output in manufacturing, but this figure varies greatly 7. NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORT: these according to sub-sectors. are small-wheeled transport like skates, skateboards, push scooters TYPES OF ROAD TRANSPORT and handcarts and wheelchair travel. Non-motorized transportation is 1. ANIMAL: this is mostly referred also known as active transportation to as beast of burden. It is the or human powered transportation; oldest means of transportation; these modes of transport are this usually involves the use of commonly used for recreational animals for the transportation of purposes. people and goods on land or road. Examples of animal used for this transportation include camel, horse, donkey, elephant, and giraffe. ADVANTAGES OF ROAD TRANSPORT DISADVANTAGES OF ROAD TRANSPORT  Road transport creates  Roads and motor vehicles flexibility of service since need constant maintenance numerous routes and and this adds greatly to destinations are possible. running costs.  The maintenance cost  Road transport links many involved in road transport places more than any other is low. means of transport  It offers directness and  Most drivers and road users door-to-door communication are very careless and as a is made possible. result of this, a lot of accidents have claim  It enables great speed and thousands of lives and cheapness over short property. distances, continuous movement is made possible.  Road transport at times can be very slow due to many  Road transport carries more factors such as poor passengers and goods within maintenance, weather and localities because they are traffic congestion. normally constructed to connect towns and villages  Most cities have so many where rail, air and water vehicles which ply the road, transports are absent. hence resulting in traffic congestion.  Wide range of goods can be carried since roads are more  Road transport is not able than other systems to suitable for conveying heavy handle outsized objects. and bulky goods.  It offers maximum access  Motorways are detrimental to along their line sides: the beauty of the maximum scope for countryside and to urban intervening opportunity. living, motor vehicles cause a lot of air pollution in the city leading to global warming and other environmental hazards.  Transport by roads does not operate on schedule and therefore it is very disappointing most times.  Goods are not normally weighed and therefore charges are indiscriminately done.