Hope Garcia - Ch. 27 Study Guide PDF

Ch. 27 Study Guide World War II at Home and Abroad Europe 1st Strategy - We needed to take over Europe first because if Hitler did then it would be a more direct threat to the US War Production Board - WPB - Oversee conversion to...

Ch. 27 Study Guide World War II at Home and Abroad Europe 1st Strategy - We needed to take over Europe first because if Hitler did then it would be a more direct threat to the US War Production Board - WPB - Oversee conversion to wartime economy - guarantee profits - Cost+fixed fee contracts stated that the govt could be charged for production costs and there would be a fixed fee for profit - tax deductions - profits double and businesses grow bigger, contracts went to bigger corporations rather than smaller ones Manhattan Project - project to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki with atomic bomb - infinity - Oppenheimer was main contributor and designer of the bomb - little boy and fat man - 2 billion dollars - FDR was convinced by the fleeing Germans about what germany could do and what they were gonna attempt to do Executive Order 8802 - FDR bans discrimination of hiring people for defense jobs and USG - 70,000 blacks leave the south for jobs in the north/west - Mexican immigration was encouraged by USG Executive Order 9066 - led to the internment camps of more that 112,000 Japanese Americans - there was barbed wire and they could not live in west coast but had to live in AZ, WY, AR, ID, CO - some enlist  - forced to sell property - exclude civilians from military areas Korematsu v. US - court case between Korematsu who refused to join internment camp - he stated he was denied equal protection because of his race - case made it to the Supreme Court where they ruled him guilty and the govts decision justified - fifth amendment Zoot Suit Riots - between white servicemen and Mexicans/latinos - assault strip and burn suits - zoot suits used up large amounts of fabric that was needed for the war and wearing them was seen as unpatriotic - 500 victims - symbol of their ethnicity “Double V” campaign - promoted democracy overseas - Victory abroad and victory and home Segregation of American troops - there were segregated service unions - 6 percent of armed forces black, which was ten percent of pop - Red cross segregated blood - The navy disregarded the safety of black soldiers, - Whites hurt the blacks - black combat units did well Tehran Conference - In december when FDR overruled Churchill that there should be a cross channel invasion - USSR to aid allies vs japan after Germany was defeated Yalta Conference - The big three meet in Russia but FDR is ill - England - preserve empire - USSR - money to help rebuild, Poland as buffer against Germany, pro-USSR Govt  - USA- avoid errors of WWI peace, no reparations, self determination and us power, wanted the US, GB, USSR, and CH to run the world (this is the new UN) - they compromise - Stalin will enter war against Japan after Hitler is defeated, give france and Germany/Berlin zone, sign treaty with pro us Jiang, High Point for big 3 Potsdam Conference - Truman ultimatum - Unconditional surrender or prompt and utter destruction - japan ignored Importance of Doolittle Raid Turning Points in WWII - Stalingrad - slowed down Hitkers army who suffered heavy losses - Changed civil rights - D-Day US Strategy for WWII - Island hop from hawaii all the way to Iwo-jima and Okinawa from 1942-1945 - Win naval battles to get control of the seas Tensions between the Big 3 - caused tension between the three allies, Churchill, Stalin, and FDR bc stalin wanted a second front in Europe but Churchill did not because he feared high casualties - FDR feared separate peace by Stalin/USSR Importance of Stalingrad - It was a turning point because it slowed Hitler’s forces because of heavy losses - bloodiest battle - Germany retreated back into Europe so it opened up europe for us - It was a large industrial zone - no more oil for Germany US “Great Arsenal of Democracy” - goal was to produce 60 k planes and 120k tanks - fdr thought mass production was the key to success - profits doubled and big business grow bigger Conversion to wartime factories  - industries from peace time now created weapons for military use and aircrafts as well Government contracts effect on Large corporations - Cost+fixed fee contracts stated that the govt could be charged for production costs and there would be a fixed fee for profit - tax deductions - profits double and big businesses grow bigger, contracts went to bigger corporations rather than smaller ones Impact of WWII on American Industry - Millions of new jobs created for women and minorities as well - Industries grew larger with expansion of consumer goods - wages were 50% higher than in 1939 Bracero Program - 200,000 Mexican immigrants fill in on farms for whites who have left for the war - LA shipyards Roles of Women in the war - 6 mil women enter workforce (400,00 of them were african americans) - many became riverters and welders - “Do the job HE left behind” - they earned paychecks - laid foundation for women's liberation movement - 350,000 in non-combat or nurse jobs in military Rosie the Riveter Roles of the Federal Government in the war - Finance war, embargo enemies, stabilize economy, return peace - WPB War Labor Disputes Act (Smith-Connelly) - Gave FDR power to seize strike bound plants - ensure wartime production continued Office of Price Administration - (OPA) - ration points could be earned for things like food and gas - 2 ration books per month  Office of War Information - OWI - sell the war at home through hollywood - “serve and sacrifice” - support of the war Americans knowledge of Nazi Death camps - Knew of the camps but not how extreme the camps were - found out through news or cartoons Allied Response to Hitler’s extermination of Jews - The War Refugee Board was created to help give care to jewish people - 200,000 Jewish people saved Wages for workers during WWII - Wages skyrocketed and Wartime Revenue Acts - Income taxes increased because wages increased Alien Registration Act of 1940 - made in unlawful to support the overthrow of the govt - Enemy alien camps (internment) D-Day - June 6, 1944 - largest amphibious attack ever - USSR attack Ger from east - USA/Brit attack from west End of WWII/Japanese Surrender - May 8, 1945 Ger surrendered - war ended in the Pacific where Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945 Groups of people