HNSC 1210 Midterm 1 PDF

HNSC 1210 Midterm 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glcx40 1. 8 Essential Amino threonine, valine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, Acids methionine 2. 2 Essential Fatty Acids linoleic aci...

HNSC 1210 Midterm 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glcx40 1. 8 Essential Amino threonine, valine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, Acids methionine 2. 2 Essential Fatty Acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid 3. Essential vitamins Fat Soluble (A, D, E, K), and water soluble 4. Epidemiological stud- large scale comparison between populations ies 5. Intervention studies manipulating populations 6. Longitudinal study research that follows and retests the same people over time 7. Registered Dietitian - term is regulated by law Requirements - member of provincial regulatory board - optional: membership to Dieticians of Canada - undergrad + internship 8. Diet Recall vs Record 24 hours, client may lie vs 3-5 days, recording may change eating habits 9. AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - CHO: 45-65% - Fat: 20-35% - Protein: 10-35% 10. RDA -Recommended Dietary Allowance: intake goals EAR -Estimated Average Requirement: avg intake based on life stages AI - Adequate Intake UL - Tolerable Upper Intake Level 11. 1/8  HNSC 1210 Midterm 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glcx40 Factors not considered - activity level in DRI - diet type - geography/socioeconomic/cultural - illness/disease states 12. Factors considered in - BMI DRI - Age 13. Nutritional Labelling sodium calcium, iron, potassium Micronutrient require- ments 14. What is the benefit of a Less hypertension diet low in sodium and high in potassium? 15. What is the benefit of Less osteoporosis calcium and vitamin D in the diet? 16. What is the benefit of Less heart disease a diet low in saturated and trans fats? 17. What is the benefit of a Less cancer diet high in fruits and vegetables? 18. What is the bene- Less dental caries fit of a diet low in fermentable carbohy- drates? 19. Phytochemicals natural plant compounds that may have health benefits 2/8  HNSC 1210 Midterm 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glcx40 20. What phytochemical is Lycopene found in tomatoes? 21. What phytochemical is Organosulfur found in garlic? 22. What phytochemical is Lignans found in flaxseeds? 23. What role do Antioxidants flavonoids play in health? 24. Which foods are Soy, wine, tea, chocolate sources of flavonoids? 25. What health benefit is Osteoporosis prevention associated with phy- toestrogens? 26. Functional Foods - containing biologically active compounds - benefits beyond basic nutrition 27. parasympathetic ner- regulates digestion via gastric juices vous system (diges- tion) 28. sympathetic nervous stress, flight or fight system 29. fight or flight in diges- - epinephrine hormone tion -digestion to shut down -Metabolism increases 3/8  HNSC 1210 Midterm 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glcx40 -Fat cells release fat -Liver releases glycogen store 30. Bile -A cholesterol-containing digestive fluid that emulsifies fat - made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, released in small intestine 31. Nutrient absorption Movement of nutrients from the small intestine into the blood or lymph via villi and microvilli. 32. Nutrient transport for via blood. small intestine -> processed in liver -> liver distributes to the rest water-soluble nutri- of the body ents 33. Nutrient transport for via lymphatic system. small intestine -> lymph. system fat-soluble nutrients 34. Stomach chemical di- gastric juices (hydrochloric acid HCC and pepsin, etc.) gestion - Hydrochloric acid: strong acid/low pH - Pepsin: enzyme to break down protein 35. Small intestine in di- - pancreas (Bicarbonate neutralizes acid. Enzymes to break down CHO, gestion protein, and fat) - liver and gallbladder (bile emulsifies fat) 36. What enzyme does Pancreatic amylase. the pancreas produce for carbohydrate di- gestion? 37. What enzyme does the Pancreatic lipase. pancreas produce for fat digestion? 4/8  HNSC 1210 Midterm 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glcx40 38. What enzymes does Trypsin and chymotrypsin. the pancreas produce for protein digestion? 39. Liver and gallbladder creation and storage of bile emulsifies fat (in small intestine) in digestion 40. GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease 41. Nutrient Storage Sys- - fat: adipose tissue tems (fat, CHO, miner- - CHO: glycogen in liver and muscles als) - mineral in bones (calcium and phosphorus) 42. Alcohol is considered a depressant 43. Alcohol absorption absorbed in stomach and small intestine (80%) 44. Where is alcohol me- The liver. Detoxifies alcohol via enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase ADH tabolized? (80%) and MEOS 45. MEOS (microsomal - 10% of alcohol metabolization ethanol oxidizing sys- - chain of enzymes that break down alcohol tem) 46. Alcohol's effects on slows nerve signals bodily functions 1: judgement 2: muscle control 3: heart and breathing 47. Alcohol's effects on - dissolves lipids, easily penetrates cell's lipid membranes cells - denatures cell proteins 48. -fat accumulation in liver as liver prioritizes alcohol metabolization over fat. 5/8  HNSC 1210 Midterm 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glcx40 Alcohol's effects on the liver 49. Alcohol increases risk - high blood pressure of: -dementia - mouth, liver, breast cancer - muscle deterioration - thiamin deficiency (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) 50. Wheat Kernel 4 parts: Germ; endosperm; bran; husk 51. Refined removal of the bran, germ 52. Monosaccharides glucose, fructose, galactose 53. Disaccharides sucrose (fruct, gluc) lactose (gala, gluc) maltose (gluc, gluc) 54. DRI recommendation 25g for fiber 55. DRI recommendation less than 25% of calories from sugar for sugar 56. Starch - store of glucose in plants - branced or unbranched - insoluble 57. Water soluble fiber in- gums, mucilage, pectin, psyllium, some hemicellulose cludes 58. Water soluble fiber aids in 6/8  HNSC 1210 Midterm 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glcx40 - lower blood cholesterol - slow glucose absorption - less heart disease and diabetes 59. Water insoluble fiber cellulose, lignin, some hemicellulose includes 60. Water insoluble fiber - increased bulk aids in - less risk of diverticular disease - less hemorrhoids - less appendicitis 61. Small intestine in CHO enzymes (disaccs -> monosaccs) digestion & panacreatic amylase (starches -> disaccs) 62. CHO digestion/glu- in small intestine, monosaccs -> liver, converted to glucose cose conversion oc- curs in 63. Type 1 vs Type 2 Dia- autoimmune destruction of insulin producing cells, little to no insulin betes produced by pancreas vs cells become resistant to insulin produced (90% of cases) 64. Postprandial CHO di- Blood sugar increases after consumption gestion The amount of increase reflects the a) Amount consumed b) Rate of digestion and rate of glucose entry into the bloodstream c) Rate of glucose uptake by the cells 65. Type 2 Diabetes in- - cardiovascular disease creases risk of - kidney disease 7/8  HNSC 1210 Midterm 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glcx40 66. Sugar alcohols sorbitol, xylitol, malitol 67. Artificial Sweeteners aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame-k 68. Lactose intolerance vs lack of lactase enzyme milk allergy vs immune response to milk protein 8/8