HKR 3340 - Adapted Physical Activity (Impairment Cheat Sheet) PDF

**HKR 3340 -- Adapted Physical Activity (Impairment Cheat Sheet)** **February 12, 2025** **Physical Impairment:** - **Surgical amputation: surgical removal of an appendage as a result of damage to that appendage** - **Phacomelia: abnormal development, or underdeveloped, limbs** - **Ar...

**HKR 3340 -- Adapted Physical Activity (Impairment Cheat Sheet)** **February 12, 2025** **Physical Impairment:** - **Surgical amputation: surgical removal of an appendage as a result of damage to that appendage** - **Phacomelia: abnormal development, or underdeveloped, limbs** - **Arthritis: painful inflammation and stiffness in the joints** - **Osteoporosis: a medical condition in which the bones become [brittle](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&sca_esv=7319a1d5414ff2b8&rls=en&sxsrf=AHTn8zo_TD4sGhM2djnVTO68xdakCSgK5A:1739385291526&q=brittle&si=APYL9btezPaTUY7KecSEHRUsL7yc5_2CuzZWORID7NY8E6MegEM5901_4peH5O6XiUk5s6Pn-OgQzuy3Izd_Ze_V8jjWSO97tRhsK_vx3WJ_B4yFF-MjYW0%3D&expnd=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiK9baT476LAxVUhIkEHaUyJkQQyecJegQIHhAP) and [fragile](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&sca_esv=7319a1d5414ff2b8&rls=en&sxsrf=AHTn8zo_TD4sGhM2djnVTO68xdakCSgK5A:1739385291526&q=fragile&si=APYL9btezPaTUY7KecSEHRUsL7yc51wgfe_-qEqVWVr99cDODPb5f5pUemoH_d7Blzv1Qg9upcFgEiz8CNorIdxNfQ0IZX41rES1xt0Qd9ipMpqtbOFDa7Y%3D&expnd=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiK9baT476LAxVUhIkEHaUyJkQQyecJegQIHhAQ) from loss of tissue, typically as a result of [hormonal](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&sca_esv=7319a1d5414ff2b8&rls=en&sxsrf=AHTn8zo_TD4sGhM2djnVTO68xdakCSgK5A:1739385291526&q=hormonal&si=APYL9bto9KfN6HH0KMpfhyCmyq0bnfuOxqJrp040__4Mao1J2m9yWcFFRqriBZo-LXetzp5cnymjOXPSeMd703g_TiB8Bw9CNAW6StdgHYDsyiF50Yn2v8w%3D&expnd=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiK9baT476LAxVUhIkEHaUyJkQQyecJegQIHhAR) changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.** - **Dwarfism:** a condition that causes a person to have an unusually short stature. Dwarfism is generally defined as an adult height of 4'10" or less. - **Achondroplasia:** **A rare genetic condition that causes poor bone growth, resulting in short limbs. It can be inherited from a parent, or it can be caused by a spontaneous mutation in the embryo. ** - **Growth hormone deficiency: Also known as pituitary dwarfism, this condition occurs when the body doesn\'t produce enough growth hormone. It can be present at birth or develop later.** - **Muscular dystrophy: a [hereditary](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&sca_esv=7319a1d5414ff2b8&rls=en&sxsrf=AHTn8zpv1aWIvqKFScEi4CajA7gfifZFfA:1739385465905&q=hereditary&si=APYL9bsHRxpYwvvSTGj17LkMtmwD5UYv5XlaSbBZvoFeyO_wvdrBuGTEl0hONSSKwzdBk3Uc6Z4GA9Cfif_VBHM7IQcuITd3YVst5Zt8t-yDeokZMgOkJFA%3D&expnd=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwl8rm476LAxUIvokEHaU1JfwQyecJegQIIhAP) condition marked by progressive weakening and wasting of the muscles.** **Visual impairment:** - **Spectrum (degrees of impairment):** - **Visual impairment: an umbrella term encompassing total blindness and partial sight** - **Partial sight: visual impairment classified as being able to read print through the use of large print or magnification** - **Blind: visual impairment classified as unable to read print even when magnified** - **Legal blindness: visual impairment classified as having 1% or less the visual acuity of an individual with perfect vision (i.e., 20/20 vision); having a visual field of 20 degrees or less in the best of both eyes** - **Travel vision: visual impairment that is unable to see at 5-10 feet what the normal eye can see at 200 feet** - **Light perception: visual impairment classified as being able to distinguish a strong light from 3 feet away, but unable to detect hand movement at three feet away** - **Total blindness: visual impairment classified as the inability to recognize a strong light shining directly into the eyes** - **Albinism: Lack of pigment causing abnormal optic nerve development** - **Retinoblastoma: Malignancy of the retina requiring removal of the eye** - **Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP): Abnormal blood vessel growth through retina; rupturing of these vessels pulling the retina out of place; leads to eventual retinal detachment and blindness** - **Cataracts: Opacity of the lens that restricts the passage of light within the eye** - **Cortical visual impairment: Variable vision -- visual ability changes day to day and minute to minute** - **Glaucoma: Increased pressure in the eye causing damage to the optic nerve** - **Macular degeneration: Progressive degeneration of the macula (central most point of the retina)** - **Retinitis pigmentosa: Genetic defect which affects the retina's ability to sense light** **Auditory impairment:** - **Spectrum (degrees of impairment):** - **Mild: unable to hear faint or quiet feet from a distance of approximately 5 feet** - **Moderate: unable to hear normal speech from a distance of approximately 5 feet** - **Moderate-severe: unable to hear loud speech from a distance of approximately 5 feet** - **Severe: unable to hear extremely loud (i.e., yelling) speech from approximately 5 feet away** - **Profound: unable to hear extremely loud or inaudible speech from approximately 5 feet away** - **Deaf: a severe or profound hearing loss in which hearing is insufficient for comprehension of auditory information with or without the use of a hearing aid** - **Hard of hearing: a hearing loss that makes understanding speech through the ear alone difficult but not impossible** - **Conductive hearing loss: a mechanical problem as sound is not transmitted to the inner ear; no distortion but words are faint** - **Sensorineural hearing loss: damage to the inner ear and/or pathways to the brain; affects fidelity (i.e., distortion) and loudness** - **Mixed hearing loss: a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss** - **Traumatic brain injury: an injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, or degenerative; occurs as a result of impact to the brain (either open or closed)** - **Ischemic stroke: stroke resulting from the interruption of blood flow to the brain caused by a blood clot.** - **Thrombotic: clot forms in an artery within the brain** - **Embolic: clot forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain via the bloodstream** - **Hemorrhagic stroke: stroke caused by uncontrolled bleeding in the brain** - **Transient ischemic attack: short-term lack of blood supply to the brain; usually called a "mini-stroke"** - **Spastic cerebral palsy: cerebral palsy characterized by stiff muscles restricting movement; muscle tone is hypertonic and spastic** - **Athetosic cerebral palsy: cerebral palsy characterized by constant, unpredictable, purposeless movement caused by fluctuating muscle tone (hyper- and hypo-tonic)** - **Ataxic cerebral palsy: cerebral palsy characterized by loss of balance and coordination; hypotonia and low postural tone** - **Multiple sclerosis: an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system where plaques/lesions develop on the white matter of neurons, thereby preventing the transmission of signals from neuron to neuron** - **Relapsing-remitting -- steady decline with super-imposed attacks** - **Secondary progressive -- initial relapsing-remitting that suddenly begins to have declines without periods of remission** - **Primary progressive -- steady increase in disability without attacks** - **Progressive relapsing -- unpredictable attacks which may or may not leave permanent deficits followed by periods of remission** - **Down syndrome: a developmental impairment characterized by the presence of an additional 21^st^ chromosome, resulting in 47 total chromosomes rather than the typical 4 (23 chromosomes from each parent)** - **Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a developmental impairment resulting from increased maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy; characterized by delays in physical, cognitive, sensory, neurological, communicative, and social development** - **Global developmental delay: an umbrella term for conditions whereby general developmental delays in functioning exist, and cannot be classified with a more specific diagnosis; usually reserved for children less that 5 years old.** - **Autism spectrum disorder: a developmental impairment, where impairment resides in three core areas: social interaction, communicative ability, and having a restricted pattern of interests and behaviours; usually diagnosed by 2 years of age** - **TRIAD OF IMPAIRMENT:** - **Impaired social interaction:** - **Failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level** - **Lack of spontaneous seeking to share engagement** - **Lack of social and emotional reciprocity** - **Preference to solitary activities/reduction in sharing of interests** - **Egocentric -- unaware of others** - **Difficulties developing and maintaining friendships** - **Difficulty in adjusting to change in a social situation** - **Difficulty in engaging in imaginative play** - **Impaired communication:** - **Deficits in nonverbal communication used for social interaction** - **Abnormalities in eye contact and body language to suit social contexts** - **Lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication** - **Lack of spoken language in some/idiosyncratic language in some** - **Abnormalities in pitch, rhythm, rate, etc. in those who do have verbal communication skills** - **Restrictive/repetitive patterns of behavior or interests:** - **Repetitive motor mannerisms -- rocking, hand-flapping, etc.** - **Use of objects/speech abnormally -- spinning objects, flipping objects, lining up toys, idiosyncratic or repetitive phrases/words** - **Insistence on sameness, inflexible to routines -- difficulty with transitions** - **Restricted patterns of interests -- abnormal in intensity and focus** - **Hyper-/hypo-reactive to sensory input -- indifference to pain/temperature** - **Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Neurodiversity characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, difficulty with task persistence** - **Dyspraxia: Also known as developmental coordination disorder, this is neurodiversity characterized as having difficulty with motor planning, coordination, balance, and fine/gross motor tasks.** - **Dyslexia: Neurodiversity characterized by difficulties with reading, writing, memory retention, and information processing.** - **Tourette's Syndrome: Neurodiversity characterized as having involuntary motor and verbal tics, anxiety and difficulties with impulse control.** - **Sensory Processing Disorder: a disorder characterized as having hyper- or hypo-sensitivity to sensory input (i.e., touch, noise, light, movement).**