HIV/AIDS/Immunity Quiz PDF

**Question 1: HIV Transmission** **Question:** A nurse is educating a group of individuals about HIV prevention. Which statement by a participant indicates a need for further teaching? A. \"I should avoid sharing needles to reduce the risk of transmission.\"\ B. \"Consistently taking PrEP can lowe...

**Question 1: HIV Transmission** **Question:** A nurse is educating a group of individuals about HIV prevention. Which statement by a participant indicates a need for further teaching? A. \"I should avoid sharing needles to reduce the risk of transmission.\"\ B. \"Consistently taking PrEP can lower my risk of acquiring HIV.\"\ C. \"Using condoms consistently will help prevent HIV transmission.\"\ D. \"I can stop taking antiretroviral therapy once my viral load is undetectable.\" **Answer:** D. \"I can stop taking antiretroviral therapy once my viral load is undetectable.\" **Rationale:** While antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce the viral load to undetectable levels, it does not cure HIV. Discontinuing ART can lead to an increase in viral load and risk of transmission. Patients must adhere to their medication regimen to maintain viral suppression. **Question 2: Hypersensitivity Reactions** **Question:** A nurse is caring for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The patient asks, \"Why do I have this condition?\" Which is the most appropriate response? A. \"It is an autoimmune disorder where your immune system attacks healthy tissue.\"\ B. \"It is caused by exposure to environmental allergens that trigger inflammation.\"\ C. \"It is a bacterial infection that requires antibiotic treatment.\"\ D. \"It occurs due to a lack of white blood cells in your body.\" **Answer:** A. \"It is an autoimmune disorder where your immune system attacks healthy tissue.\" **Rationale:** SLE is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the immune system attacking its own tissues, leading to inflammation and damage in various organs. **Question 3: Opportunistic Infections in AIDS** **Question:** A patient diagnosed with AIDS presents with oral candidiasis. What should the nurse prioritize in the patient's care plan? A. Administer antifungal medications as prescribed.\ B. Increase the patient's oral intake of acidic foods.\ C. Provide chlorhexidine mouthwash for oral hygiene.\ D. Teach the patient about the importance of sunscreen use. **Answer:** A. Administer antifungal medications as prescribed. **Rationale:** Oral candidiasis (thrush) is a common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. Antifungal treatment is necessary to manage the condition and prevent further complications. **Question 4: HIV Testing** **Question:** A patient is concerned about recent high-risk behavior and asks when to get tested for HIV. What is the nurse\'s best response? A. \"You should get tested immediately, as the results are accurate regardless of time.\"\ B. \"Testing is only needed if symptoms like fever or night sweats develop.\"\ C. \"It is best to wait at least 3 weeks to 3 months for an accurate result.\"\ D. \"HIV can only be detected during the acute infection stage.\" **Answer:** C. \"It is best to wait at least 3 weeks to 3 months for an accurate result.\" **Rationale:** HIV antibodies typically become detectable within 3 weeks to 3 months after infection, known as the \"window period.\" Testing too early may result in false negatives. **Question 5: Safe Practices for Healthcare Workers** **Question:** A healthcare worker sustains a needle stick injury while caring for a patient with HIV. What is the priority action? A. Apply a topical antibiotic to the site of the injury.\ B. Wash the area with soap and water and report the incident immediately.\ C. Monitor for symptoms of HIV for the next six months.\ D. Take antiretroviral therapy only if symptoms develop. **Answer:** B. Wash the area with soap and water and report the incident immediately. **Rationale:** Immediate washing of the affected area and reporting the incident are critical. Post-exposure prophylaxis should be started within 72 hours to significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission. **Question 6: Immune System Components** **Question:** Which cell type is responsible for the body\'s acquired immunity by producing antibodies?\ A. Neutrophils\ B. B lymphocytes\ C. T lymphocytes\ D. Basophils **Answer:** B. B lymphocytes\ **Rationale:** B lymphocytes produce antibodies, which are part of the adaptive immune response. **Question 7: Stages of HIV Infection** **Question:** In which stage of HIV infection does the viral load remain low, and the patient often remains asymptomatic?\ A. Acute infection\ B. Asymptomatic infection\ C. Symptomatic infection\ D. AIDS **Answer:** B. Asymptomatic infection\ **Rationale:** During the asymptomatic stage, the viral load is low, and symptoms are usually absent, despite ongoing viral replication. **Question 8: Transmission of HIV** **Question:** What is the most common mode of HIV transmission worldwide?\ A. Sharing needles\ B. Unprotected sexual contact\ C. Transfusions of infected blood\ D. Mother-to-child transmission **Answer:** B. Unprotected sexual contact\ **Rationale:** Globally, unprotected sexual contact is the leading cause of HIV transmission. **Question 9: Diagnostic Tests for HIV** **Question:** Which test is used to confirm a positive HIV antibody screening test?\ A. ELISA\ B. Western blot\ C. CD4 count\ D. HIV viral load **Answer:** B. Western blot\ **Rationale:** The Western blot test is used to confirm a positive ELISA result. **Question 10: Hypersensitivity Reactions** **Question:** A patient experiences a hemolytic transfusion reaction after a blood transfusion. This is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?\ A. Type I\ B. Type II\ C. Type III\ D. Type IV **Answer:** B. Type II\ **Rationale:** Hemolytic transfusion reactions occur due to antibody-mediated destruction of red blood cells, characteristic of a Type II hypersensitivity reaction. **Question 11: Medication Side Effects** **Question:** A patient on protease inhibitors for HIV therapy reports increased blood glucose levels. What is the best nursing response?\ A. \"This is an expected side effect of the medication.\"\ B. \"You should discontinue the medication immediately.\"\ C. \"This side effect indicates that the medication is not effective.\"\ D. \"Take the medication on an empty stomach to reduce this effect.\" **Answer:** A. \"This is an expected side effect of the medication.\"\ **Rationale:** Protease inhibitors can cause hyperglycemia as a side effect. **Question 12: Nutritional Support** **Question:** What dietary recommendation is most appropriate for a patient with AIDS experiencing weight loss?\ A. Low-protein, low-fat diet\ B. High-protein, high-calorie diet\ C. Low-calorie diet\ D. High-fiber, low-fat diet **Answer:** B. High-protein, high-calorie diet\ **Rationale:** This helps to prevent malnutrition and support immune function. **Question 13: HIV Prevention** **Question:** Which statement about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is correct?\ A. PrEP is only effective when taken after potential exposure.\ B. PrEP reduces the risk of sexually acquired HIV by over 90% when taken daily.\ C. PrEP eliminates the need for other preventive measures.\ D. PrEP is only for healthcare providers. **Answer:** B. PrEP reduces the risk of sexually acquired HIV by over 90% when taken daily.\ **Rationale:** PrEP is a highly effective preventive measure when taken as prescribed. **Question 14: SLE Management** **Question:** What is the priority intervention for a patient experiencing an SLE flare-up with kidney involvement?\ A. Encourage high protein intake.\ B. Administer corticosteroids as prescribed.\ C. Restrict fluid intake.\ D. Increase physical activity. **Answer:** B. Administer corticosteroids as prescribed.\ **Rationale:** Corticosteroids reduce inflammation during SLE flare-ups. **Question 15: Immune System Aging** **Question:** Why are older adults more susceptible to infections?\ A. Increased leukocyte production\ B. Increased immunoglobulin levels\ C. Decreased cell-mediated immunity\ D. Overactive thymus gland **Answer:** C. Decreased cell-mediated immunity\ **Rationale:** Aging leads to reduced T-cell function, increasing infection risk. **Question 16: Anaphylaxis** **Question:** What is the priority action for a nurse when a patient develops an anaphylactic reaction?\ A. Administer epinephrine.\ B. Provide oral antihistamines.\ C. Offer fluids to maintain hydration.\ D. Apply cold compresses to the affected area. **Answer:** A. Administer epinephrine.\ **Rationale:** Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. **Question 17: ART Adherence** **Question:** A patient asks why antiretroviral therapy (ART) must be taken consistently. What is the nurse's best response?\ A. \"It prevents the virus from becoming resistant to the medication.\"\ B. \"It cures HIV infection over time.\"\ C. \"It prevents all medication side effects.\"\ D. \"It eliminates the need for regular follow-ups.\" **Answer:** A. \"It prevents the virus from becoming resistant to the medication.\"\ **Rationale:** Consistent ART use helps prevent viral resistance. **Question 18: Opportunistic Infections** **Question:** A patient with HIV has a CD4 count of 180 cells/μL. Which opportunistic infection is the patient most at risk for?\ A. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia\ B. Influenza\ C. Cellulitis\ D. Rheumatic fever **Answer:** A. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia\ **Rationale:** This infection commonly occurs when CD4 counts fall below 200. **Question 19: Patient Teaching** **Question:** Which is the most effective way to prevent HIV transmission during sexual activity?\ A. Avoid all forms of sexual activity.\ B. Use latex condoms consistently and correctly.\ C. Take antibiotics before intercourse.\ D. Rely on contraceptive pills. **Answer:** B. Use latex condoms consistently and correctly.\ **Rationale:** Consistent and correct condom use is key in preventing HIV transmission. **Question 20: HIV and Pregnancy** **Question:** What is the best strategy to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission during pregnancy?\ A. Avoid breastfeeding.\ B. Administer antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy.\ C. Deliver via cesarean section.\ D. Use barrier methods of contraception. **Answer:** B. Administer antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy.\ **Rationale:** ART during pregnancy reduces viral load and transmission risk. **Question 21: Immunoglobulin Functions** **Question:** Which immunoglobulin is involved in allergic reactions?\ A. IgG\ B. IgA\ C. IgE\ D. IgM **Answer:** C. IgE\ **Rationale:** IgE plays a key role in hypersensitivity and allergic responses. **Question 22: SLE Education** **Question:** A nurse is teaching a patient with SLE about sun protection. Which statement indicates understanding?\ A. \"I should use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30.\"\ B. \"I don't need to wear a hat as long as I use sunscreen.\"\ C. \"Sun exposure helps reduce symptoms of SLE.\"\ D. \"I should only avoid sun exposure during midday.\" **Answer:** A. \"I should use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30.\"\ **Rationale:** Sun exposure can worsen SLE symptoms; sunscreen with SPF 30+ is recommended.