HIV/AIDS and Autoimmune Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

A nurse is educating a group of individuals about HIV prevention. Which statement by a participant indicates a need for further teaching?

Consistently taking PrEP can lower my risk of acquiring HIV.

I should avoid sharing needles to reduce the risk of transmission.

Using condoms consistently will help prevent HIV transmission.

I can stop taking antiretroviral therapy once my viral load is undetectable. (correct)

A nurse is caring for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The patient asks, "Why do I have this condition?" Which is the most appropriate response?

It is an autoimmune disorder where your immune system attacks healthy tissue. (correct)

It is caused by exposure to environmental allergens that trigger inflammation.

It is a bacterial infection that requires antibiotic treatment.

It occurs due to a lack of white blood cells in your body.

A patient diagnosed with AIDS presents with oral candidiasis. What should the nurse prioritize in the patient's care plan?

Administer antifungal medications as prescribed. (correct)

Increase the patient's oral intake of acidic foods.

Teach the patient about the importance of sunscreen use.

Provide chlorhexidine mouthwash for oral hygiene.

A patient is concerned about recent high-risk behavior and asks when to get tested for HIV. What is the nurse's best response?

It is best to wait at least 3 weeks to 3 months for an accurate result. Signup and view all the answers

A healthcare worker sustains a needle stick injury while caring for a patient with HIV. What is the priority action?

Wash the area with soap and water and report the incident immediately. Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for the body's acquired immunity by producing antibodies?

B lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of HIV infection does the viral load remain low, and the patient often remains asymptomatic?

Asymptomatic infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common mode of HIV transmission worldwide?

Unprotected sexual contact Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to confirm a positive HIV antibody screening test?

Western blot Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiences a hemolytic transfusion reaction after a blood transfusion. This is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?

Type II Signup and view all the answers

A patient on protease inhibitors for HIV therapy reports increased blood glucose levels. What is the best nursing response?

This is an expected side effect of the medication. Signup and view all the answers

What dietary recommendation is most appropriate for a patient with AIDS experiencing weight loss?

High-protein, high-calorie diet Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is correct?

PrEP reduces the risk of sexually acquired HIV by over 90% when taken daily. Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority intervention for a patient experiencing an SLE flare-up with kidney involvement?

Administer corticosteroids as prescribed. Signup and view all the answers

Why are older adults more susceptible to infections?

Decreased cell-mediated immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority action for a nurse when a patient develops an anaphylactic reaction?

Administer epinephrine. Signup and view all the answers

A patient asks why antiretroviral therapy (ART) must be taken consistently. What is the nurse's best response?

It prevents the virus from becoming resistant to the medication. Signup and view all the answers

A patient with HIV has a CD4 count of 180 cells/µL. Which opportunistic infection is the patient most at risk for?

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most effective way to prevent HIV transmission during sexual activity?

Use latex condoms consistently and correctly. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best strategy to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission during pregnancy?

Administer antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin is involved in allergic reactions?

IgE Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is teaching a patient with SLE about sun protection. Which statement indicates understanding?

I should use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

HIV/AIDS Transmission

A patient stating they can stop antiretroviral therapy (ART) once their viral load is undetectable needs further teaching. ART is essential to maintain viral suppression, not a cure.

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks healthy tissues.
The priority response to a patient asking about SLE is that it's an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks healthy tissue.
Immediate washing and reporting of a needle stick injury with possible HIV exposure is critical.

Opportunistic Infections in AIDS

Oral candidiasis (thrush) in an AIDS patient requires antifungal medications.
Prioritizing antifungal medications is the priority in the patient's care plan.

HIV Testing

Waiting 3 weeks to 3 months for an accurate HIV test result is best.
Testing too early in the window period can result in false negatives.

Safe Practices for Healthcare Workers

Immediately washing the affected area and reporting the incident is crucial after a needle stick injury.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) should be started within 72 hours to reduce HIV transmission risk.

Immune System Components

B lymphocytes produce antibodies, part of the adaptive immune response.

Stages of HIV Infection

The asymptomatic stage of HIV infection is characterized by a low viral load and absence of symptoms.

Transmission of HIV

Unprotected sexual contact is the leading cause of HIV transmission worldwide.

Diagnostic Tests for HIV

A Western blot test confirms a positive HIV antibody screening test (ELISA).

Hypersensitivity Reactions (Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction)

Hemolytic transfusion reactions are Type II hypersensitivity reactions caused by antibodies attacking red blood blood cells.

Medication Side Effects (Protease Inhibitors)

Increased blood glucose levels are an expected side effect (potential adverse effect) associated with protease inhibitors for HIV therapy.

Nutritional Support (AIDS Patients)

High-protein, high-calorie diets are recommended for AIDS patients experiencing weight loss to prevent malnutrition and support immune function.

HIV Prevention (Pre-exposure Prophylaxis)

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) significantly reduces the risk of sexually acquired HIV when taken daily, not just after potential exposure.

SLE Management

Administering corticosteroids is the priority intervention for a patient experiencing an SLE flare-up with kidney involvement, due to the ability to reduce inflammation.

Immune System Aging

Decreased cell-mediated immunity is responsible for increased susceptibility to infections in older adults.

Anaphylaxis

Administering epinephrine is the priority action for a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction.

ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) Adherence

Consistent ART administration is essential to prevent viral resistance.

Opportunistic Infections (CD4 Counts)

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a common opportunistic infection in patients with low CD4 counts.

Patient Teaching (HIV Transmission)

Using latex condoms consistently and correctly during sexual activity is the most effective way to prevent HIV transmission.

HIV and Pregnancy

Administering antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the best strategy to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission during pregnancy.

Immunoglobulin Functions (Allergic Reactions)

IgE immunoglobulin is involved in allergic reactions.

SLE Education (Sun Protection)

Using sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 is crucial for patients with SLE to prevent sun-induced exacerbations.

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Description

This quiz focuses on critical aspects of HIV/AIDS transmission, management, and related autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus. It also covers the importance of antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections, and safe practices for healthcare workers. Test your knowledge on these vital healthcare topics and improve your understanding of HIV/AIDS care protocols.