History of Tourism PDF

The History of Tourism 4000 BCE Development of trade by the Sumerians 3700 – 3200 BCE use of wheel as a technology for transportation, early Mesopotamian chariots and wagons included primitive set of four wheels and two axles. 1480 – First cruise recorded by...

The History of Tourism 4000 BCE Development of trade by the Sumerians 3700 – 3200 BCE use of wheel as a technology for transportation, early Mesopotamian chariots and wagons included primitive set of four wheels and two axles. 1480 – First cruise recorded by Queen Hatshepsut to Punt, Africa. 150 BCE Romans started to build roads. Both the Greeks and the Romans were well-known traders and as their respective empires increased, travel became necessary. At this time, there was also travel for private purposes. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved The History of Tourism, continued After the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, roads were not maintained and they became unsafe. Thieves infected harm on those who dared to travel. No one during this time travelled for pleasure. Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who traveled. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved Pilgrimages were made to fulfill a vow as in case of illness or of great danger or as penance for sins. 1271-1295 Records of Marco Polo’s account to China from Italy Beginning in 1388, English pilgrims were required to obtain and carry permits, the forerunner of the modern passport. 1492-1502 voyages by the Classical World to Asia The History of Tourism, continued 1670- In Richard Lassels’ book Voyage to Italy he introduced the term Grand Tour, regarded as the first organized tour. This practice was gradually adopted by others in the lower social scale. In time it became recognized that the education of a gentleman should be completed by a “Grand Tour” of the cultural centers of the Continent which lasted for three years. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved The History of Tourism, continued Grand Tour was used as early as 1670. While apparently educational, the appeal became social. Pleasure-seeking young men of leisure travelled predominantly through France and Italy. By the end of the 18th century, the practice had become institutionalized for the upper class of society. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved The History of Tourism, continued Typical Grand Tourist Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved  PRE-INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved As early as 300 BC The Phoenicians were among the first real travelers. As young men, The Romans sought intellectual improvement in the Continent, the sick sought a remedy for their illnesses in “spas” or medicinal baths. The term “spa” is derived from the word Waloon word “espa” meaning fountain. Travelers immersed themselves in healing waters, soon, entertainment was added, and dozens of watering places became resort hotels. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved Railway Age Two technological developments in the early part of the 19th century had a great effect on the growth of tourism. Introduction of the railway Development of steam power 1830- the first railroad was built in the United States The created not only more business by proving reliable and cheap transportation, but also more competition as various private companies invested heavily in hotels, resorts and entertainment facilities. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved  1971- the US created Amtrak ( American Track) to provide intercity passenger train service in United States Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved The History of Tourism, continued 1828- The Tremont Hotel opens in Boston As tourism became organized in the later years of the 19th century, the organization of travel became an established institution. Travel organizers emerged. The first and most famous of these was Thomas Cook. His first excursion train trip was between Leicester and Loughborough in 1841 with 570 passengers at a round-trip fare of one shilling. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved  In 1866 he organized his first American tour. In 1874, he introduced “circular notes” which were accepted by banks, hotels, shops, and restaurants. These in effect the first traveler’s checks. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved Air Travel 1903- The Wright Brothers tested their thirteen horsepower engine. 1909- an airplane crossed the English Channel 1915- the first scheduled air service in the US began between San Francisco to Los Angeles 1919- scheduled passenger service began between London and Paris IATA- International Air Transport Association is the major trade association of the world’s airlines. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved  1954- first Boeing 707 came into service 1964- the first Boeing 727 was introduced Concorde – was the supersonic aircraft developed at a cost of $3 billion by the British and French Governments. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved CRUISE TRAVEL Travelers associate a certain romance with cruising to exotic locations and being pamepered all day. In 1992, Tadisson Hotel International entered the billion cruise business with the dramatic catamaran ( twin-hulled ship designed to prevent most of the pitching and rolling that causes seasicknesses) Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved