History of Philippine Art PDF

History of Philippine Art  I. Pre-conquest - In art historical terms, “pre-conquest” - In stylistic terms, “indigenious” - In cultural terms, “pre- colonial”  ART BEFORE Are everday expressions and were all integrated within rituals  Art before Colonization Earliest forms of Theater...

History of Philippine Art  I. Pre-conquest - In art historical terms, “pre-conquest” - In stylistic terms, “indigenious” - In cultural terms, “pre- colonial”  ART BEFORE Are everday expressions and were all integrated within rituals  Art before Colonization Earliest forms of Theater/Rituals 1. Mayvanuvanua (Batanes) - ritual that opens the fishing season of dibang (flying fish) Dibang (Flying Fish) Art before Colonization 2. Cañao or Kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative Region) - officiated by a shaman or mumbaki. It involves animal sacrifice where the entrails are read through a process of divination  Art before Colonization 3. Kashawing (Lake Lanao of Mindanao) - ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting and harvesting.  Art before Colonization 4. Tagbanwa (Palawan) -shamans go into a trance amidst ritual chanting and dancing and are believed to be taken over the goddesses themselves. Ethnic Musical Instruments 1. Kudyapi - a two stringed guitar 2. Kulintang- an array of bossed gongs 3. Gansa- flat gong 4. Agong- a large bossed gong  Native dance forms 1. Pangalay (Sulu) - mimetic dance of seabirds 2. Kinabua of Mandaya - performs swooping movements imitating the movements of eagle 3. Banog-banog of the Higaonon and B'laan - courtship dance that portrays the flight of the birds 4. Man manok (Bago Tribe) - dance that dramatizes three roosters who compete against one another to be able to get the attention of a hen, Lady Lien. 5. Talip (Ifugaos) - courtship dance mimetic of the movements of wild fowls 6. Inamong of Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas (T’boli) - represent the comedic movements of monkey 7. Tinikling (Tagalog) - evocative of the movements of the crane balancing itself on stilt-like legs or flitting away from the clutches of bamboo traps  Carving 1. Bulul (Cordillera) -granary god that plays important role in rituals -anthromorphic bulul appears in containers bowls and spoons 2. Hagabi (Ifugao) -wooden bench that marks the socio-economic status of the owner  Sarimanok is the stylized design of a bird holding a fish in its beak and/or standing on a base in the shape of a fish. Naga has the form of an elaborate mythical serpent or dragon with a vigorous S- curve and numerous curvilinear motifs to suggest its scales. Pako rabong is a stylized growing fern with a broad base gracefully tapering upwards.  The sarimanok and naga are found in the panolong, the extended floor beam, and the interior beams and posts of the large sultan’s house called torogan.  Pottery The Manunggul Jar, excavated in Manunggul Cave Lipunan Point Palawan is dated to the late Neolithic Period (890- 710).It has two anthromorphic or human forms atop the lid. During the Metal Age (5 BC- 225 AD) another type of anthromorphic jars was produced the human figure is more pronounced with lid as the head and base as the body. In later years pottery would become more and more associated with objects for daily use, such as the palayok (clay pot) for cooking, and the banga and tapayan (clay pot) for storing liquids. In Vigan Ilocos the making of burnay pottery continues as a lively tradition.  Weaving According to Respicio “textile weaving has a long history, Philippine ethnolinguistic groups have a rich textile weaving tradition”  Textiles are not only functional they also impart knowledge about people's belief systems: the reverence for spirits and nature criteria for beautiful and the society's sociopolitical structure 1. Pis syabit - a headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu  Art before Colonization 2. Malong -it has exquisite tapestry panels called langkit woven by the Maranao of Lanao Del Sur 3. Tepo Mat - a colorful double layered mat of Sama of Tawi-Tawi made of pandan leaves.  Art before Colonization 4. Ovaloid Baskets -made of nito and bamboo are used as a head sling to carry harvest 5. Bubo - fish traps made of sturdy bamboo strips in the Ilocos region.  Art before Colonization 1. Tattoos -Visayas “Islas de los Pintados” -shared by Southeast Asia and New Zealand other ethnolinguistic groups that practices tattooing are Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy and Ifugao  Art before Colonization 2. Jewelry -the T'boli in particular are known for wearing brass chains bells and colorful beads  BONTOC WARRIOR'S RITUAL "BOAYA" HEAD HUNTING NECKLACE: SHELL, BOAR TUSK, RATTAN, FIBERAND BONE Physical ornamentation can be categorized to three areas specifically the use of traditional costumes (textile), jewelries and tattoos. The designs vary depending on the location, users and function of the ornaments. Filipino bawisak earrings Traditional Ifugao tribe (Northern Luzon, Philippines) bead and shell bawisak earrings. The bottom shell designs have been described as either representing butterflies or a certain item of male generative anatomy. IFUGAO: WARRIOR'S SILVER "LINGLINGO" EARRING PAIR AND PENDANTS 3. Lotoans -betel nut boxes of various shapes  Art before Colonization 4. Brass Kendi and Gadur -used in ceremonies and are cherished as status symbols or as heirloom pieces Art before Colonization Brass Kendi and Gadur  II. Islamic Colonial (13th Century to the Present) Islam was already well entrenched in Southern Philippine where it continues to be culturally dominant.  Islam Gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as 13th century.  Sayyid Abubakar of Arabia married Princess Piramisuli, daughter of Rajah Baguinda. Abubakar succeeded the throne and established the Sultanate of Sulu  ✓ Quran ✓ Madrasa  ❑ Tausug ❑ Maranao ❑ Maguindanao ❑ Yakan ❑ Samal ❑ Badjao ❑ Some areas in Palawan  How art is influenced by Islam Notion of Tawhid or Unity with God emphasizes the impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible greatness of the divine Being. 1. Interior of mosques are covered with elaborate patterning in the form of reliefs. 2. Abstract forms and patterns  3. Parts of the Mosque like the mihrab or niche and the Qibla wall are oriented toward the west  4. Bulbous Dome expresses all levels of comic existence Octagonal base symbolizes the spirit while the four sided main base refers to the earth or  6. The courtyard or Ka'bah a black shrine believed to be built by Prophet Muhammad himself 7. The area of water supply serves as the function of ablution or cleansing 8. The gardens within the Mosque compound or even outside homes 9. Islamic forms are incline to project, grow or have an upward orientation  Panolong an elaborateoly carved protusion akin to a wing attached to the torogan  Luhul or canopy that takes inspiration from the tree of life  10. Burraq, a horse with the head of a woman, is also an important figure