History Terms: Human Rights, Cold War, WWII, Capitalism

List of terms for human rights United Nations - An international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security and cooperation among nations, as well as to uphold human rights worldwide. The Cold War - A period of political and military tension from 1947-1991 between the United States an...

List of terms for human rights United Nations - An international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security and cooperation among nations, as well as to uphold human rights worldwide. The Cold War - A period of political and military tension from 1947-1991 between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies, which influenced human rights policies and conflicts around the world. Declaration - A formal statement or proclamation often used in human rights to refer to documents like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Personal rights - Fundamental rights that belong to individuals, such as the right to life, liberty, and security, as well as privacy and freedom of movement. Social and cultural rights - Rights to ensure individuals can participate fully in society, including access to education, healthcare, cultural activities, and adequate living standards. Political rights - Rights that allow individuals to participate in government and public affairs, such as the rights to vote, fun for office, and engage in free speech and assembly The economic rights Rights that relate to work and economic well-being, such as fair wages, safe working conditions, and protection against labor. Slavery The practice of treating people as property, forcing them to work without pay or freedom, violating fundamental human rights Debt slavery A form of slavery in which individuals are forced to work to repay debts, often under exploitative and unending conditions Hoover - Forced marriage - A marriage where one of both parties do not give full consent, often involving coercion, threats, or violence. Child labor - The exploitation of children through work that is harmful to their development, education, or well being. Trafficking in women - The illegal trade and exploitation of women for forced labor of sexual exploitation, violating their human rights. Religious freedom The right to practice, change, or choose a religion or belief without persecution or discrimination. Training - The process of education or skill-building, often relevant in. human rights contexts for empowering people through education and awareness. Illiteracy The inability to read or write, which can limit individuals' access to information, education, and employment opportunities. Freedom of expression - The right to express opinions, ideas, and information freely through speech, writing, or other forms of communication. Torture - The act of deliberately inflicting severe pain or suffering, often used as a method of punishment, interrogation, or intimidation. Caricatures - Drawings or images that exaggerate features, often used in satire. In human rights, caricatures can raise debates about freedom of expression and offense. Employers - People or organizations that hire workers. In human rights, employers have responsibilities to provide fair wages, safe conditions, and prevent discrimination. Trade union - An organization formed by workers to protect their rights, negotiate better wages, and improve working conditions. Globalization - The process of increased economic, political, and cultural interconnectedness between countries, which can impact human rights positively (access to information) or negatively (exploitation of workers). Equal pay-The principle that men and women, or individuals of different backgrounds, should receive the same salary for the same work. Convention - A formal agreement or treaty between countries, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which establishes human rights standards. Universal human rights - The idea that all people, regardless of nationality, race, gender, or background, have inherent and equal rights that must be respected and protected. List of terms for the welfare society Welfare - Welfare refers to the system in which the government provides support to ensure the well-being of its citizens. This includes services like healthcare, education, financial aid, and housing assistance to help people maintain a basic standard of living. Basic needs - Basic needs are the essential things people require to survive and live a decent life. These typically include food, water, shelter, healthcare, education, and clothing. A welfare state often aims to guarantee that all citizens have access to these necessities. The social safety net-The social safety net is a collection of government programs designed to protect individuals from economic hardship. It includes unemployment benefits, pensions, social security, free healthcare, and food assistance. The goal is to prevent people from falling into extreme poverty Transfer income - Transfer income is money that the government redistributes from one group to another through welfare programs. Examples include unemployment benefits, child support payments, and social security pensions. Unlike wages, this income is not earned through labor but is provided as financial support. Tax Taxes are mandatory payments citizens and businesses make to the government to fund public services like healthcare, education, and infrastructure. In welfare states, high taxes are often used to support social. programs that benefit society as a whole. The Scandinavian welfare model This model, used in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland, is based on high taxes and extensive public services. It offers universal healthcare, free education, and strong social security benefits. The goal is to provide equal opportunities and reduce economic inequality. The Central European welfare model - Also called the Bismarckian Model, this system is found in Germany, France, and Austria. It is based on social insurance, where workers and employers contribute to funds that provide benefits like pensions, healthcare, and unemployment support. Benefits are often linked to employment status rather than being universal The Anglo-Saxon welfare model - This model, found in countries like the UK, USA, and Canada, has a more market-driven approach. It offers limited social benefits and encourages individuals to take personal responsibility for their well-being. Welfare is often targeted at the most vulnerable, rather than being universal. Taxes are generally lower compared to Scandinavian countries. Redistribution - Redistribution refers to the process of collecting wealth (through taxes) and redistributing it to reduce economic inequality. For example, taxing high-income individuals and using that money to fund welfare programs for lower-income citizens. This is a key feature of welfare societies. List of terms for World War II Nazism - A far-right political ideology associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany, based on extreme nationalism, racism (especially antisemitism), and totalitarian control. Treaty of Versailles - The peace treaty signed in 1919 that ended World War 1. It placed heavy penalties on Germany, including loss of land, military restrictions, and large financial reparations, which contributed to the rise of Hitler and World War II The Legend of the Daggerfall - Minority A smaller group within a larger population that may differ in ethnicity, religion, culture, or language from the majority. During World War II, Jews, Romani, and other minorities were targeted by the Nazis. Annexation - The forcible takeover of one country's territory by another. Example: Nazi Germany annexed Austria in 1938 (Anschluss). Habitat - The natural environment where a species lives. This term is more related to biology and ecology rather than war history. Propaganda The spread of biased or misleading information to influence public opinion. Nazi Germany used propaganda to promote Hitler's rule, antisemitism, and war efforts. Maginot Line - A series of fortifications built by France along its border with Germany before WWII to prevent invasion. However, Germany bypassed it by invading Belgium in 1940. War of expansion A war fought to gain more territory. Example: Nazi Germany started WWII to expand its "Lebensraum" (living space) in Eastern Europe. Blitzkrieg A military tactic meaning "lightning war" used by Nazi Germany, involving fast-moving tanks, air strikes, and coordinated ground attacks to overwhelm enemies quickly. Iron ore - A natural resource crucial for making steel and weapons. Sweden's iron ore was vital to Nazi Germany's war industry. Pearl Harbor - A Japanese surprise attack on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, leading the USA to enter WWII. El Alamein A major battle in North Africa (1942) where the British, led by General Montgomery, defeated Germany's Erwin Rommel, marking a turning point in the war. Stalingrad - A brutal battle between Germany and the Soviet Union (1942-1943) in the city of Stalingrad. The Soviets won, marking a turning point in WWII on the Eastern Front. D-Day-June 6, 1944, when Allied forces invaded Nazi-occupied France (Normandy landings), starting the liberation of Western Europe. Nuremberg Trials - A series of post-war trials (1945-46) where Nazi leaders were prosecuted for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including the Holocaust. Kristallnacht - "The Night of Broken Glass" (November 9-10, 1938)-A violent Nazi-led attack on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues, marking the start of open persecution of Jews. The final solution - The Nazi plan to systematically exterminate all Jews in Europe, leading to the Holocaust and the deaths of six million Jews. Deportation-The forced removal of people from their homes. In WWII, millions of Jews and other victims were deported to concentration camps. Concentration camp Prison camps used by the Nazis to imprison, torture, and murder Jews, political prisoners, Romani people, and others. Examples: Auschwitz, Dachau, Treblinka. Holocaust - The genocide of six million Jews and millions of others by Nazi Germany during WWII. Cooperation policy A policy where some governments or groups collaborated with Nazi Germany instead of resisting. Example: Vichy France. Censorship - The control of information by governments to prevent people from seeing, reading, or hearing certain ideas. Nazi Germany heavily censored opposition, media, and books. Alsang competition - Illegal leaves - Likely refers to soldiers or resistance fighters leaving their posts without permission during war. Let me know if you meant something different! Sabotage Acts of destruction or disruption to weaken an enemy. Resistance groups sabotaged Nazi railways, factories, and communication lines to slow down the war effort. The Telegram Crisis-A political conflict in Denmark (1942) when the Danish government refused Nazi demands to crack down on Danish resistance. This led to a stricter German occupation. Recipient group A term that could refer to groups receiving aid or punishment in historical contexts. Let me know if you have a specific meaning in mind! The August Uprising - State of emergency - A government-declared crisis situation that allows special laws, restrictions, and military control. Many countries used this during WWII. Lockout time-In historical context, it may refer to workers being prevented from working as a strategy used by employers. In WWII, industrial lockouts sometimes occurred due to war-related strikes. Gestapo - The Nazi secret police known for brutal crackdowns on resistance, spying, and arresting opponents of Hitler. German girl - Anachronism - Something that is out of its proper historical time period. Example: A movie showing a modern smartphone in a WWII setting would be an anachronism. List of terms for the Cold War The Atomic Bomb - A powerful nuclear weapon developed during World War II. The Cold War was shaped by the fear of nuclear war between the USA and the USSR. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)-A 13-day standoff between the USA and the Soviet Union over Soviet nuclear missiles placed in Cuba. It was the closest the world came to nuclear war. Soviet Union (USSR) - A communist superpower led by Russia, competing against the USA during the Cold War. It collapsed in 1991, marking the Cold War's end. East Germany/GDR (German Democratic Republic) - The communist-controlled part of Germany, supported by the Soviet Union. It existed from 1949 to 1990. West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) The capitalist and democratic part of Germany, supported by the USA and its allies. Ideology A system of beliefs that shaped Cold War conflicts. The USA promoted capitalism and democracy, while the USSR supported communism and dictatorship. Market Economy An economic system where businesses are privately owned, and prices are determined by supply and demand (capitalism, USA). Planned Economy An economic system controlled by the government, where production and prices are decided by the state (communism, USSR). The Truman Doctrine (1947)-A U.S. policy to stop the spread of communism, promising to help countries resisting Soviet influence (e.g., Greece and Turkey). The Marshall Plan and Marshall Aid (1948-1952) - A U.S. program giving financial aid to rebuild Western Europe after WWII, preventing communism from spreading. Neutrality Policy-Some countries (e.g., Sweden, Switzerland) chose to stay neutral in the Cold War, avoiding alliances with either side. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1949)-A military alliance of the USA and Western European countries to defend against Soviet aggression. Warsaw Pact (1955) The Soviet Union's response to NATO, forming a military alliance with Eastern European communist countries. Arms Race-A competition between the USA and USSR to build more powerful nuclear weapons and military technology. Nuclear War A potential full-scale war using nuclear weapons, which could have led to mass destruction. This fear influenced Cold War diplomacy. Communism A political and economic system where the government controls all property and resources, aiming for economic equality (supported by the USSR). The West-A term used to describe the USA, Western Europe, and other capitalist allies during the Cold War. Capitalism An economic system where businesses are privately owned, and people can earn profit freely (promoted by the USA). Iron Curtain - A metaphorical barrier separating communist Eastern Europe from capitalist Western Europe, symbolizing Cold War divisions. Berlin Wall and Its Fall (1961-1989) - A physical wall built by East Germany to stop people from escaping to West Berlin. Its fall in 1989. symbolized the end of the Cold War.