Health Trends, Issues, and Concerns (Unit 3) PDF

HEALTH TRENDS, ISSUES and CONCERNS Global Level Procedure: 1. Look for 10 global health issues and concerns that the World Health Organization and member-nations are facing.. The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight targets that all 191 UN Member States have...

HEALTH TRENDS, ISSUES and CONCERNS Global Level Procedure: 1. Look for 10 global health issues and concerns that the World Health Organization and member-nations are facing.. The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight targets that all 191 UN Member States have agreed to achieve by 2015. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 commits world leaders to : -fight discrimination against women and children, - disease -hunger -poverty -illiteracy and -environmental degradation. All of these goals cannot be attained without addressing each and everyone. All of them influence, affect and depend on better global health programs and policies. Millennium Development Goals The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight targets that all 191 UN Member States have agreed to achieve by 2015. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000  The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight targets that all 191 UN Member States have agreed to achieve by 2015. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 commits world leaders to fight discrimination against women and children, disease, hunger, poverty, illiteracy, and environmental degradation. All of these goals cannot be attained without addressing each and everyone. All of them influence, affect and depend on better global health programs and policies. 8 Millennium Development Goals  ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER 1  ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER Developing countries particularly in Africa and Asia suffer from extreme poverty and hunger. Poverty and hunger leads to severe malnutrition which leads to lifelong physical and cognitive (learning and reasoning) damage and affects health, well-being and the economy.  SOME KEY SUGGESTIONS TO ERADICATE POVERTY AND HUNGER ARE: Education Promoting Producing Investing more in gender equality more jobs agriculture Strengthened Support and protection nutrition programs for of developing and children and infants vulnerable countries during crises  ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION 2  ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION ◉Persons, particularly women who are educated, are more likely to seek medical care especially during pregnancy, ensuring proper nutrition for their family, adopting healthy sanitary practices and ensuring immunization of children. As an effect, infants and children have better survival rates, are healthier and better nourished.  If these are attained, children who receive primary education are more likely to: Marry and have Practice family Know rights, their own families planning and responsibilities and at a later stage in life have fewer children civic obligations Seek employment Have decreased risk Support and protection and sustain personal of getting sexually of developing and family needs transmitted infections and vulnerable countries like HIV/AIDS during crises  PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN 3 PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN Gender equality means equal representation of men and women. It implies that all gender should have equal value and treatment. Equal gender treatment empowers women and other groups creating opportunities in education, work, finances, and other aspects which improves the economy and lessen effects of financial crises.  Gender equality can be achieved through: Early childhood Promotion of Improved reproductive development women’s political health programs intervention rights and involvement and policies Education and integrating Improved women’s access Support and protection gender equality in to work and strengthened of developing and vulnerable school curriculum labor policies for women countries during crises  REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY 4  REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY Programs and policies which help reduce child mortality like improving nutritional intake, healthcare facilities and infrastructure, and other fields which improve children’s lives. Strengthening local and national health programs and policies is one way to reduce child mortality  THIS INCLUDES: Immunization Assuring the survival programs and better health of mothers Improving reproductive Better nutrition program health programs and policies for infants, children and mothers IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH 5  IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH Improved maternal health is not only about mother’s health but also involves the health and wellness of the family. Maternal health also helps eradicate other problems like poverty, gender inequality, decreased workforce, lower birth deaths, and disability of women. SOME WAYS TO IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH INCLUDE: Improved and Educating young boys proper nutrition and girls about the of mothers importance of maternal health Better and improved Teaching the access to hospital care benefits of birth especially spacing and obstetric-gynecology, small family size Prenatal and postnatal care  COMBAT HIV/ AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES 6 COMBAT HIV/ AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES ▪ Emerging and re-emerging diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria, influenza and other diseases affect productivity and growth of nations. Some of the effects of disease outbreak are loss of jobs, shortage in professional workers, and creating social crises. Children are the most vulnerable and are exposed to exploitation and abuse undermining their normal growth and development.  Some ways to combat diseases include effective prevention, treatment and care like: Promoting safer sex Improved Increased access to behavior and preventive housing conditions anti-malarial medicines education for all Promoting Tuberculosis TB - Directly Observed Promoting the use of (TB) screening Treatment Short (TB-DOTS) insecticide-treated nets to of HIV/AIDS persons Course therapy fight mosquito-borne diseases  ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 7  ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Investing and supporting sustainable energy like solar, wind and water energy help support jobs, create business opportunities, and save remaining non-renewable energy sources. Environmental sustainability assures peoples to live healthier and enjoy a clean and green environment Some of the benefits of a sustainable environment are: Clean, Cleaner air and environment-friendly, environment and renewable energy New and aspiring jobs and business Increased access in energy to sanitation  GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT 8  GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT TheUnited Nations, World Health Organization, World Bank and governments work together to make sure there is fair trade and that heavily indebted countries obtain relief and funds to combat poverty, malnutrition and funds for education and social projects.  GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT Expanded international Improved access to trade agreements affordable medicine Reduced poverty through Developed information and communication technology government debt relief grant (ICT) infrastructure WHAT IF…? Predict the global effects if the eight Millennium Development Goals were achieved or not achieved. Copy the table below in your notebook or activity sheet and write your predictions in the columns. Goal No. Millennium Development What if this goal What if this goal is Goals is achieved? not achieved? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  THE PHILIPPINE SCENARIO Do you think the Philippines will be able to achieve these eight goals? Identify which goals are highly achievable and which are not. Explain why and share your answer in class. The Philippine MDG Scenario Highly Achievable Goals Not Highly Achievable Goals  One of the benefits of globalization to the world is the development and improvement of various health initiatives initiated by different nations and governments to address health issues and concerns. Global health initiatives are programs set in motion by the United Nations through the World Health Organization and in partnership with the World Bank which targets specific health problems including but not limited to emerging and re-emerging diseases, climate change, environmental sanitation, mental health, tobacco regulation, and alcohol use. Global Health Initiatives The Global Fight against Communicable Diseases C. Roll Back Malaria. ▪ Roll Back Malaria is a global effort to reduce the number of deaths from malaria infection through heightened prevention tools, rapid response to outbreaks, development of new anti-malarial products, and effective treatment of the infection. The Global Fight against Communicable Diseases Specific objective: 1. To enable and to increase the capacity of caregivers to recognize malaria promptly and take early appropriate action; 2. To empower service providers by imparting adequate knowledge, skill and capacity which enable them to respond to malaria illness appropriately; 3. To create an enabling environment for implementation. The Global Fight against Communicable Diseases D. Stop TB ▪ Stop TB is a global effort to prevent further transmission of tuberculosis or TB around the world. One of the programs for Stop TB is the implementation of the TB-DOTS short-course strategy The Global Fight against Communicable Diseases Objectives 1. To achieve universal access to high-quality diagnosis and patient-centered treatment 2. 2. To reduce the suffering and socio-economic burden associated with TB 3. 3. To protect poor and vulnerable populations from TB, TB/HIV and multi drug-resistant – TB (MDR-TB) 4. 4. To support development of new tools and enable their timely and effective use. The Global Fight against Communicable Diseases E. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization ▪ The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization is a global strategy which aims to strengthen children’s immunization programs and introduce new generation of licensed vaccines into use in developing countries across the globe.  The Global Fight against Communicable Diseases Hepatitis B vaccine These new vaccines which could help reduce the number of deaths in children aged 5 years old and below includes: Childhood meningitis Influenza vaccine vaccine Vaccine for pneumonia Yellow fever vaccine The Global Fight against Communicable Diseases F. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria ▪ The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria is a funding project rather than an initiative. Nevertheless it helps in the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of the negative impacts of the three diseases to humanity which contributes to the fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals.  GLOBAL PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL USE The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is the prime international treaty negotiated under WHO. The WHO FCTC came into existence in reaction to the global epidemic of tobacco use and abuse. It reaffirms the right of every individual across the world to the highest standard of health promoting public health and providing new legal means for global health cooperation. GLOBAL PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL USE The following summarizes the WHO FCTC provisions: 1. Price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, and 2. Non-price measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, namely: ▪ Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke; ▪ Regulation of the contents of tobacco products; ▪ Regulation of tobacco product disclosures; ▪ New packaging and labeling of tobacco products; ▪ Education, communication, training and public awareness; ▪ Demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation; and  GLOBAL STRATEGY TO REDUCE THE HARMFUL USE OF ALCOHOL The Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol recognizes the close ties between the harmful use of alcohol and the socio-economic development of a nation. Likewise, this strategy builds and supports other global health initiatives like the global strategy for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.  Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases TheGlobal Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases is a global action plan to prevent and control the following non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, and diabetes and the four shared risk factors: unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, tobacco use and alcohol use.  Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases Objectives of the Action Plan: 1. To raise the priority accorded to non-communicable disease at global and national levels and to integrate prevention and control of such diseases into policies across all governments 2. To establish and strengthen national policies and plans for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 3. To promote interventions to reduce the main shared but preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases: unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and harmful use of alcohol 4. To promote research for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 5. To promote partnerships for the prevention and control of non -communicable diseases 6. To monitor non-communicable diseases and their causal factors and evaluate progress at the local, national and global levels  Global Initiative for Mental Health Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 The “Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020” is the result of extensive research and consultations by stakeholders, member nations, academic and non-government centers across the globe. The mental health action plan should be impartial, life-based, and preventive in nature. Global Initiative for Mental Health It basically addresses the following: To fight and alleviate negative trends in mental health, To improve and make mental health services and care accessible, and To prevent abuse of rights and unjust treatment against people with mental problems, disorders, and disabilities which are still prevalent around the world. Activity 5: PRESENT AND FUTURE Think of the present status of these global health issues and concerns. Write these in the Present column. Predict what will happen if these global health issues and concerns are properly addressed by different nations. Write these in the Future column. Global Health Present Issues and Future Concerns Future Communicable Diseases Tobacco and Alcohol Use Mental Health Activity 6: QUESTIONS TO PONDER Answer the following: 1. How does the Philippine government address different local and national health issues and concerns like HIV/AIDS cases and tobacco and alcohol related diseases? 2. Who do you think are the stakeholders or partners of the government in addressing health problems? How can they help curb various health problems? 3. How can educating the youth help in developing a socially conscious and healthy individuals who are aware of the various global health threats and concerns?  The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) works with different nations and organizations to withstand crises, empower lives and improve the quality of life for all. One of the UNDP’s intervention programs to achieve the eight millennium development goals is called Quick Wins. Quick Wins are actions that can be immediately used within the community or locale to produce effective results. If applied continuously, Quick Wins could change people’s views, and beliefs and trigger actions which could lead to helping millions of lives and countries find their right path towards the goals. The United Nations Development Program’s Quick Wins UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ No school fees and free access to educational materials and facilities in schools to ensure that all children attend classes. This eliminates poor families’ concept that education is only for those who can afford it. Finances can include donor assistance from partnerships with private groups UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Children are provided with free school meals and take-home rations using locally produced food. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Regular annual deworming for all school children especially in impoverished areas to improve health and education. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Provision for poor farmers of affordable supplies of soil nitrogen and other soil nutrients. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Design community nutrition programs for pregnant, nursing mothers and children below five years of age. These includes breastfeeding, feeding programs and micronutrient supplements like vitamin A and zinc. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Offer basic skills training of community members in health, farming, technical-vocational, and infrastructure. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Free basic health services sponsored by private organizations. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Expanded access to sexual and reproductive health information and services. These includes family planning information campaign and services. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Distribution of free, effective and efficient insecticide-treated bed nets to families especially in malaria and dengue-endemic areas. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Active national and local campaigns to reduce violence against women and children. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Reform and enforce legislation protecting and empowering women’s and children’s rights. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Empowering women to play an important role in formulating and monitoring poverty reduction strategies, programs and policies UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Allowing government-owned hospitals, health centers, schools and other social service institutions free access to electricity, water, sanitation and internet using sustainable and renewable energies like solar panels, wind and geothermal generators. UNDP’s Quick Wins: ▪ Plant endemic trees at the community level to provide shade, produce, watershed protection, windbreak and timber. Activity 9: SPEEDY SOLUTIONS Imagine yourself as a member of a local organization that wants to sponsor one of the LINDP type projects given above to help achieve the millennium development goals. Follow the procedures below: 1. Form a group of 6 members. 2. Pick a project above. Choose a creative title for the project. 3. Determine with the group which Millennium Development Goal(S) does the project target. 4. Come up with the group’s slogan that captures the energy and importance of the chosen project. 5. Follow the format below. Project Title: Project Statement (Based on Target MDG Slogan the sample UNDP Quick Wins)