Health Care Delivery System PDF

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM By: Level 1 CI TRADITIONAL LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE The health care system has six levels of care for which health care providers offer services: preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing health care. Levels of care desc...

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM By: Level 1 CI TRADITIONAL LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE The health care system has six levels of care for which health care providers offer services: preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing health care. Levels of care describe the scope of services and settings delivered by health care providers to patients in all stages of health and illness. Levels of care are not the same as levels of prevention. Levels of prevention describe the focus of health-related activities in a care setting. These include health promotion and disease prevention (primary prevention), curing or managing disease (secondary prevention), and reducing complications (tertiary prevention).  INTEGRATED HEALTH CARE DELIVERY An IHCD system is a network of health care organizations that work together to provide a continuum of health services to a defined population with intended outcomes of better aligning resources, improving quality, and controlling costs (Al-Saddique, 2018). ✔ IHCDs were developed with a primary focus on improving health care quality and decreasing overall health care costs. ✔ The goal of focusing on population health is to decrease health care costs through effective management of patients with chronic health problems.  Primary and Preventive Health Care Services Focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population by promoting regular health care visits, health education ,proper nutrition, maternal/child health care, family planning, immunizations, and control of diseases.  Secondary and Tertiary Care Secondary health care is provided by a specialist or agency on referral by a primary health care provider. It requires more specialized knowledge, skill, or equipment than the primary care physician or nurse practitioner can provide. Tertiary health care is specialized consultative care, usually provided on referral from secondary medical personnel.  ⮚ Hospitals Provide comprehensive secondary and tertiary health care to patients who are acutely ill. Hospitals vary in the services they offer. Most small rural hospitals offer general inpatient services but have limited emergency and diagnostic services.  ⮚ Intensive Care An ICU or critical care unit (CCU) is a hospital unit in which patients receive close monitoring and intensive medical and nursing care. The status of a patient who is critically ill can change by the minute, so health care providers must have specialized knowledge and skills.  ⮚ Mental Health Facilities The psychiatric facilities that exist are located in hospitals, independent outpatient clinics, and private mental health hospitals. They offer inpatient and outpatient services, depending on the severity of a patient’s problem. Patients enter mental health facilities voluntarily or involuntarily ⮚ Rural Hospitals Lack of access to health care in rural areas is a serious public health problem.  ⮚ Discharge Planning Discharge planning is a coordinated, interprofessional process that develops a plan for continuing care after a patient leaves a health care agency. Discharge instructions prepare patients for transition from a hospital to the next level of care (such as home, rehabilitation, or long term care).  Restorative Care ✔ are to help individuals regain maximal functional status and to enhance quality of life through promotion of independence and self-care. ✔ For example, some patients require ongoing wound care and activity and exercise management until they recover enough strength and/or function following surgery to independently resume normal activities of daily living.  ⮚ Home Care ✔ Home care is the provision of medically related professional and paraprofessional services and equipment to patients and families in their homes for health maintenance, education, illness prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, rehabilitation, and palliative care. ✔ Home health care focuses on the goal of helping patients and their family members achieve independence. Home care addresses the recovery from and stabilization of an illness. ⮚ Rehabilitation ✔ The WHO defines rehabilitation as the process aimed at enabling people with disabilities to reach and maintain their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological, and social functional levels. ✔ Rehabilitation gives people with disabilities the tools they need to attain independence and self-determination (WHO, 2020). ⮚ Extended Care facilities ✔ An extended care facility provides intermediate medical, nursing, or custodial care for patients recovering from acute illness or those with chronic illnesses or disabilities. ✔ Extended care facilities include intermediate care and skilled nursing facilities. ✔ Some include long-term care and assisted-living facilities. Continuing Care ✔ Continuing care describes a variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. These services are for people who have disabilities, who were never functionally independent, or who have a terminal disease. ✔ Continuing care is available within institutional settings (e.g., nursing centers or nursing homes, group homes, and retirement communities), communities (e.g., adult day care and senior centers), or the home (e.g.,home care, home-delivered meals, and hospice) (Meiner and Yeager,2019).Another  ISSUES IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY FOR NURSES Health care agencies today are working hard to improve patient experience and engagement while delivering high-quality care, improving outcomes, and controlling costs (Considine, 2018). Health Care Costs and Quality- It is impossible today to separate two initiatives facing health care institutions: managing costs and achieving high-quality patient care. Nursing Shortage- The shortage affects all aspects of nursing, including patient care, administration, and nursing education, but it also represents challenges and opportunities for the profession. Competency- The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) project developed quality and safety competencies for nurses so that they would have the knowledge, skills and attitudes to meet the challenges in today’s health care settings (QSEN, 2020). Patient-Centered Care- as “care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and [ensures] that patient values guide all clinical decisions” (IOM, 2001). Technology in Health Care- o Technological advances continually affect health care organizations and change the ways in which nurses deliver evidence-based care to patients. o Technology makes your work easier in many ways, but the technology does not replace your clinical judgment and clinical decision making. Health Care Disparities- o The differences in health care outcomes and dimensions of health care, including access, quality, and equity, among population groups (Almgren, 2018; Kneipp et al., 2018). o Disparities can be related to many variables, such as race, ethnicity, gender, location, disability, or social determinants (Artiga et al., 2020).  Philippine Health Care Delivery System COMPOSED OF 2 SECTORS: ❑ PUBLIC SECTOR - Financed by the government and where health care is generally given free at the point of service. ❑ PRIVATE SECTOR - owned, controlled and managed by individuals, groups or business entities. - Health care is paid through user fees at the point of service.  Philippine Health Care Delivery System PUBLIC SECTOR ❑ Executive Order 102 - Identifies DOH as the national authority on health providing technical and other resource assistance to concerned groups; - Mandates DOH to perform the roles related to leadership in health, enabler and capacity builder and administrator of specific services ❑ RA 7160 (Local Government Code ) - Transfers the responsibility for the delivery of basic services and facilities to the local government including health services and facilities making them self reliant and active partners in the attainment of local goals through a more responsive and local government structure Thank You