Health and Wellness PDF

National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) ▪ develops the NCLEX exam to test the competency of nursing school graduates in the U.S. and Canada. ▪ dedicated to developing psychome...

National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) ▪ develops the NCLEX exam to test the competency of nursing school graduates in the U.S. and Canada. ▪ dedicated to developing psychometrically sound and legally defensible nurse licensure and certification examinations consistent with current entry-level practice. ▪ The NCLEX is the world’s premier licensure exam and uses computerized adaptive testing (CAT) technology to deliver the exam, ensuring a valid and reliable measurement of nursing competence. Copyright ©2018 F.A. Davis Company  Test Plan and The NGN Project Test Plan ▪ contain in-depth information regarding exam content, exam administration, item writing tips and the inclusion of clinical judgment The NGN Project ▪ The goal of the NGN project was to better measure nursing candidates’ clinical judgment and decision-making abilities through the use of innovative item types. Copyright ©2018 F.A. Davis Company Copyright ©2018 F.A. Davis Company  Test Plan Structure ▪ Safe and Effective Care Environment - Management of Care - Safety and Infection Control ▪ Health Promotion and Maintenance ▪ Psychosocial Integrity ▪ Physiological Integrity - Basic Care and Comfort - Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies - Reduction of Risk Potential ▪ Physiological Adaptation Copyright ©2018 F.A. Davis Company Health &Wellness and Safety What is Health to you? Discussion Health Defined: The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1948). Traditional Chinese medicine considers health to be a balance between the opposite energy forces of yin and yang. Florence Nightingale believed that health was prevention of disease through the use of fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light (1859/1992). Nursing theorist Jean Watson (1979) believes that health implies at least three elements: (1) a high level of overall physical, mental, and social functioning; (2) a general adaptive–maintenance level of daily functioning; and (3) the absence of illness (or the presence of efforts that lead to its absence).  Defining Health and Illness ▪ Health Perfect body Not having illness Something you can buy Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  Defining Health and Illness (continued_1) ▪ Health (continued) Ideal state of physical wellness and mental well-being A positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities Power of the soul to cope with varying conditions of the body Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  Five Stages of Illness Behavior ▪ Experiencing symptoms ▪ Sick role behavior ▪ Seeking professional care ▪ Dependence on others ▪ Recovery Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  Dimensions of Health Along Health and Illness Continuum ▪ Biological factors ▪ Nutrition ▪ Physical activity ▪ Sleep and rest ▪ Meaningful work Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  Dimensions of Health Along Health and Illness Continuum (continued_1) ▪ Lifestyle choices ▪ Family relationships ▪ Culture ▪ Religion and spirituality ▪ Environmental factors ▪ Finances Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  What Factors Disrupt Health? ▪ Physical disease ▪ Injury ▪ Mental illness ▪ Pain ▪ Loss ▪ Impending death Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  Nurses’ Understanding of Health and Illness ▪ Experiences unique to each individual ▪ Illness usually described in terms of how it makes a person feel Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  Nurses’ Understanding of Health and Illness (continued_1) ▪ An illness is a disruption of health. ▪ Health and illness are influenced by the client’s attitude and lifestyle choices. Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  Factors That Influence Illness Behavior ▪ Nature of the illness ▪ Hardiness ▪ Intensity, duration, and multiplicity of the disruption Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  Nature of the Illness ▪ Acute illness ▪ Chronic illness ▪ Remission or exacerbation Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  What Factors Disrupt Health? ▪ Physical disease ▪ Injury ▪ Mental illness ▪ Pain ▪ Loss ▪ Impending death Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company  What Factors Disrupt Health? (continued_1) ▪ Competing demands ▪ The unknown ▪ Imbalance ▪ Isolation Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company Cultures Two complementary principles of Chinese philosophy: Yin is negative, dark, and feminine, Yang positive, bright, and masculine. Their interaction is thought to maintain the harmony of the universe and to influence everything within it. Hot and Cold Physical illness may be due to an imbalance of hot and cold, and thus restoring this balance is imperative. A hot illness requires a cold treatment, and vice versa. Heat is generally associated with blood (which keeps a person warm during cold weather) and with fevers and rashes.  Islam Christianity How does cultural belief affect Judism Hinduism healthcare? Native Buddhism American Barriers to providing care Bias Ethnocentrism Cultural stereotype (prejudice, discrimination) Racism Sexism Language Slang/Jargon (medical) Lack of knowledge Emotional response  Levels of Prevention Health promotion is motivated by the desire to increase well-being. Health protection is motivated by a desire to avoid illness. Levels of Prevention is identified by three levels of activities for health protection (illness prevention): primary, secondary, and tertiary. Interventions are classified according to where they occur in the disease process. Primary prevention activities are designed to prevent or slow the onset of disease. Secondary prevention involves screening activities and education for detecting illnesses in the early stages. Tertiary prevention focuses on stopping the disease from progressing and returning the individual to the pre- illness phase. A nurse at the health department is A. Provide cholesterol screening planning strategies related to heart B. Teach about healthy diet disease. Which of C. Provide information about the following antihypertensive medications activities would the D. Develop a list of cardiac rehab nurse include as part programs/facilities of primary prevention?  (A) Primary Prevention __ Disease Prevention Matching: (B) Secondary Prevention __ Health Promotion identify the type (C) Tertiary Prevention __ Admission for Cardiac of prevention Rehab for each __ Prenatal group education category listed: __ Outpatient mental health treatment __ Exercise programs for seniors Health Promotion: Nursing Process Assessment data: subjective vs objective Diagnosis: primary problem for the patient Planning: what do we want them to achieve/avoid Intervention: do teaching/goals for plan Evaluation: did we accomplish goal for plan? Why or why not?  Nursing Process ▪ Assessment includes Collecting data Using a systematic and ongoing process Categorizing data Recording data Copyright ©2022 F.A. Davis Company Question Which type of family would most likely be helpful in encouraging the 1) Controls feelings to avoid conflict client to experience a high level of wellness? 2) Teaches negotiation skills and independence 3) Encourages risk taking and adventure 4) Views themselves as helpless victims Safety  Healthy People 2030 Healthy People 2030 report in relation to leading causes of death and to health promotion strategies: nutrition, exercise, lifestyle, and environment. Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death. Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all. Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining full potential for health and well-being for all. Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors and well-being across all life stages. Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all.