Health 9 - Quarter 3 First Aid PDF

HEALTH 9 – Quarter 3 Emergency!!! What will I Do? What will you do if you witness the following? 1. A man in the street is bumped by a car. 2. Your teacher suffers a heart attack 3. Your mother accidentally touches a hot pan 4. You baby brother accidentally swallows a small part...

HEALTH 9 – Quarter 3 Emergency!!! What will I Do? What will you do if you witness the following? 1. A man in the street is bumped by a car. 2. Your teacher suffers a heart attack 3. Your mother accidentally touches a hot pan 4. You baby brother accidentally swallows a small part of a toy and it get stuck on the throat. FIRST AID - An immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured. It includes self- help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed. Roles of First Aid - It is a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the patient - It is not intended to compete with or take the place of the services of the physician - It ends when the service of the physician begin Objectives of First Aid ✓ To save Lives ✓ To prolong life ✓ To alleviate suffering ✓ to prevent further injury Characteristics of a good First Aider  Gentle – does not cause pain and panic  Observant – notices all signs  Resourceful – makes the best use of things at hand  Tactful – does not frightened the victim  Sympathetic – comforts and reassures the victim  Principles of First Aid Do’s in giving First Aid Don'ts on giving First Aid DO stay calm. DON’T give food and drink to an unconscious person. DO reassure and comfort the DON’T move an injured person victim. unless you need to place him/her in the recovery position. DO check for a medical bracelet indicating a condition. Do keep the victim covered to reduce shock. Top 10 things to do in case of Emergency!! 1. Shout for HELP! 2. Survey the scene and assess the situation 3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the nearest hospital or if simple cleansing band aid will do 4. If you are certified in CPR and the victim needs it, begin CPR right away 5. Stop the bleeding of there is any Top 10 things to do in case of Emergency!! 6. Treat any symptoms of shock 7. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim 8. Seek trained medical assistance 9. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious victim 10. Wait for medical professionals to arrive  FIRST AID GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES  Primary Survey - A primary survey of the victim is used when the victim is unconscious and to out and immediately treat life-threatening conditions. Check for consciousness, C.A.B. or the circulation, airway, and breathing.  Secondary Survey - secondary survey is used when the victim is conscious or has revived. And it aims to detect everything about the patient’s condition. Check for history taking, vital signs, and head-to-toe examination.  FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES 1.Musculoskeletal Injury – damage of the muscular or skeletal systems usually due to strenuous activities. A. SPRAIN- – ligaments around the joints are stretched or torn  First Aid for Sprain 1. Rest – rest the injured part 2. Ice – apply ice packs or cold pads 3. Compression – wrap with an elastic compression bandage 4. Elevation – elevate the injured part B. Fracture – breaks that usually happen in the bone First Aid for Fracture 1. Cover the wound with a non-fluffy sterile dressing. 2. Put bandage securing the dressing and padding. 3. Immobilize the injured part and arrange to transport the casualty to the hospital. Treat casualty for a shock if necessary. C. STRAIN – twisting or pulling a muscle or tendon beyond normal capacity. First Aid for Strain 1. Place the victim in a comfortable position taking off pressure from strained muscles. 2. Apply cold reliefs (ice packs or cold pads) 3. Call emergency help or transport the patient to a medical facility.  D. DISLOCATION – separation of bone end from joint, leaving the bone out of normal position. First Aid for Dislocation 1. Immobilize dislocations in the position found. 2. Use RICE method 3. Keep the victim warm and quiet and in the most comfortable position. 4. Treat the victim for a shock if necessary.  FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES 2. Heat Emergencies – heat-related injuries or hyperthermia caused by high temperature and humidity from exposure to hot weather and sun.  A. Heat Cramps – muscle spasms caused by loss of too much salt and other electrolytes during too much sweating First Aid for Heat Cramps 1. Have the victim rest in a cool place and administer sips of half glass of water or sports drink every 15 minutes. 2. Apply moist towels to the forehead and the cramping muscles and gently stretch cramped muscles. 3. Avoid victim from forcing action for at least 12 hours.  B. Heat Exhaustion – caused by excessive loss of water and salt through sweating First Aid for Heat Exhaustion 1. Move the victim to a cool place and remove as much clothing as possible. 2. Let the victim lie down with feet raised 8-12 inches. 3. If the victim is fully conscious, give water or sports drink in half glass every 10 minutes for 1 hour. 4. Call emergency help if the victim vomits, the temperature is above 38.5ᵒC, or the victim does not improve. C. Heatstroke – life-threatening emergency caused by a failure to regulate body temperature First Aid for Heatstroke 1. Establish an airway and, if possible, move to a cool place. 2. Pour or spray cool water and fan vigorously. 3. Seizure and vomiting may occur when the body cools down. Position the victim for easy drainage. 4. Monitor the victim’s temperature until emergency personnel arrives.  FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES 3. Bleeding – or hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel is damaged and constricted. First Aid to Control Bleeding 1. Apply direct pressure to the wound. 2. Raise and support the injured part. 3. Lay victim down. 4. Bandage dressing in place. 5. Call for emergency help.  FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES 4. Poisoning - is when poison or a toxic substance is taken into or absorbed into the body sufficient to cause temporarily. First Aid for Swallowed Poisons 1. Monitor victim and call for media help. And if the victim is conscious, ask what was swallowed, how much, and when. 2. Commence CPR, if necessary. 3. Monitor the victim’s vital signs and keep samples of any vomit.  First Aid for Injected Poisons 1. Seek medical help. 2. Maintain the victim’s airway and be alert for vomiting. Keep the victim in a sitting position to prevent inhalation of vomit. 3. For animal or insect bites or stings, protect yourself and the victim from the repeated injection. Identify what animal or insect, if possible, and send it to a receiving facility. 4. Commence C.A.B., if necessary.  First Aid for Absorbed First Aid for Inhaled Poisons Poisons 1. Remove contaminated 1. Have the victim breathe fresh clothing. air. 2. Wash with a cold for 20 2. Call emergency help. minutes. 3. Commence C.A.B., if 3. Seek medical help. necessary. 4. Commence C.A.B., if necessary.  FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES 5. Choking – inability to breathe caused by the blocking of airway by a piece of food or small object.  First Aid for Choking 1. Stand behind the victim and wrap your one hand around the victim’s waist. 2. Then place the thumb side of the fist into the abdomen above the navel and below the rib cage, then the Rab fist with another hand. 3. Do five abdominal thrusts. 4. Repeat the cycle of five abdominal thrusts until the object comes out. 5. Help the victim if having breathing difficulties after the object is dislodged.  FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES 6. Drowning – submerging and suffocating in water. First Aid for Drowning 1. Help the victim lie down on a rug or coat with the head lower than the rest of the body, enabling his/her mouth to drain water. 2. Treat for hypothermia. 3. Call emergency help.  FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES 7. Heart Attack – the death of a part of the heart muscle. First Aid for Heart Attack 1. Call for medical help immediately. 2. Place the victim in a comfortable position. 3. Monitor the condition. Have a trained person give the C.A.B. if breathing stops and the victim has no pulse.  FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES 8. Burn – this happens when skin is damaged by burning and can no longer function effectively against infection  First Aid for Burn 1. Help the victim to sit or lie down and prevent burnt body parts from the ground. 2. Cool the injury by flooding it with plenty of cold water. 3. Continuously cool the affected area for at least 10 minutes or until the pain is relieved. 4. Do not touch the injury. 5. Cover the injured area and protect it from infection. Use clean materials.