Foundations Of Human Computer Interaction PDF

FOUNDATIONS OF HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION MODULE 1 “ The world is full of badly designed things and well designed things..” “ There are things that seem like a good idea but don't work out well because they're just badly designed?” Does it matter if things are badly designed? Or t...

FOUNDATIONS OF HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION MODULE 1 “ The world is full of badly designed things and well designed things..” “ There are things that seem like a good idea but don't work out well because they're just badly designed?” Does it matter if things are badly designed? Or things that look good but don’t work?  Trash bins are angled so cyclists can This pen has a built in periodic table. toss their trash while biking.  WHAT IS HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION? Human–computer interaction (HCI) is a cross-disciplinary area (computer science, engineering, psychology, ergonomics, design) that deals with the theory, design, implementation, and evaluation of the ways that humans use and interact with computing devices. It is a subfield within computer science concerned with the study of the interaction between people (users) and computers and the design, evaluation and implementation of user interfaces for computer systems that are receptive to the user's needs and habits.  HOW TO MAKE BETTER INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY? Human Side Know about how people interact with things Know about what people can and can’t do Know about the situations in which people do things Know about the basics of good design Understand people’s goals HOW TO MAKE BETTER INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY? Machine Hardware Side Software UI UX design Data and information  HOW TO MAKE BETTER INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY? Interactio The goal of HCI is to minimize the ns effort of interaction, that is, the amount of physical and mental effort a user must exert when using technology, and humanize interactions. HCI IS MADE UP OF… Theories – learn and apply Models – create and use Methods – master and apply Guidelines – learn and use Principles – understand and apply Techniques – master and use GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF HCI To make computer systems: User-friendly Usable Accessible Efficient Safe for anyone and everyone. THE BIRTH OF HCI The advent of personal computers in the late 1970s and early 1980s created a need for a more human-centered approach to computer system design. HCI emerged as a response to this need, focusing on the study of user behavior, the design of user interfaces, and the development of methodologies to improve usability. THE BIRTH OF HCI HCI emerged as a multidisciplinary field that evolved from the combined efforts of researchers and practitioners in computer science, psychology, design, and other disciplines in the late 1970s. SEVERAL KEY INDIVIDUALS AND INSTITUTIONS CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HCI DURING ITS EARLY YEARS Xerox PARC and the Graphical User Interface : The research team at Xerox PARC, led by Alan Kay, developed the first graphical user interface, which allowed users to interact with computers through visual elements such as icons, menus, and windows.  Apple’s Lisa and Macintosh: Apple’s Lisa (1983) and Macintosh (1984) computers were among the first commercially available systems to incorporate a GUI, popularizing the concept and making it more accessible to a wider audience.  Donald Norman: A prominent psychologist and designer, Donald Norman has made considerable contributions to HCI and UX design. His work on user- centered design and his book, “The Design of Everyday Things,” have had a lasting impact on the field. USES AND APPLICATIONS OF HCI Research applications How to determine if a user is human or computer How to design improved computer interfaces How to study the sociocultural implications of human- computer interactions  The most notable industries that rely on HCI are: Virtual and Augmented Reality Medical Education and Training, Education, Tourism, gaming and entertainment Ubiquitous and Context-Sensitive Computing Ubiquitous computing (or "ubicomp") is a concept in software engineering, hardware engineering and computer science where computing is made to appear anytime and everywhere. Electronic toll systems on roads  Healthcare technologies Education-based technologies Security and cybersecurity Voice User interfaces and speed recognition technologies  COMPONENTS OF HCI HCI includes three intersecting components: a human, a computer, and the interactions between them. 1. Human / User An individual or a group of individuals who work together on a project 2. Task and Computer A user operates a computer system with an objective or goal in mind. The computer provides a digital representation of objects to accomplish this goal. 3. Interface The interface is a crucial HCI component that can enhance the overall user interaction experience. 4. Context HCI is not only about providing better communication between users and computers but also about factoring in the context and environment in which the system is accessed EXAMPLES OF HCI IoT: pre-touch sensing and paper ID Eye tracking: gaze detection Speed recognition Cloud Computing EXAMPLES OF HCI IN REAL LIFE? When people use an ATM, food dispensing machine, or snack vending machine, they inevitably come in contact with HCI. PARADIGMS A paradigm is a way of viewing the world. A set of ideas that is used to understand or explain something, often related to a specific subject (“Paradigm,” 2018). It is a way of framing what we know, what we can know, and how we can know it. WHY STUDY PARADIGM IN HCI? Concerns how can an interactive system be developed to ensure its usability? how can the usability of an interactive system be demonstrated or measured? PARADIGMS OF INTERACTION An interaction paradigm is a model or pattern of human– computer interaction that encompasses all aspects of interaction, including physical, virtual, perceptual, and cognitive. 1. Large Scale Computing 2. Personal Computing 3. Networked Computing 4. Mobile Computing 5. Collaborative Environments 6. Virtual Reality 7. Augmented Reality. LARGE SCALE COMPUTING PARADIGM Includes mainframe computers that were large computers and they resided in a central location. Batch processing Impersonal computing PERSONAL COMPUTING PARADIGM The personal computing paradigm is driven by Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) and found in commercial operating systems such as Windows and Macintosh. Graphical displays Direct manipulation NETWORKED COMPUTING PARADIGM Computer networks have freed @#$% ! users from location-based computing since users can access internet based systems like e-mail and web browsers from any location that has ??? internet access. Networking Community computing MOBILE COMPUTING PARADIGM is human–computer interaction that allows transmission of data, voice and video via a computer or any other wireless enabled device. Mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile software. COLLABORATIVE ENVIRONMENT PARADIGM Computer networks allow members of a group to interact with other members on shared files and documents. Time and file sharing Interactive computing VIRTUAL REALITY PARADIGM The virtual reality paradigm offer users a computer simulated alternative to the real world. Used in healthcare, education, entertainment, and automotive industries computer-generated environment AUGMENTED REALITY PARADIGM An interactive experience that enhances the real world with computer-generated perceptual information. Snapchat. Photography and Editing. Hololens. digital visual elements Google ARCore. Pokemon Go.