HCI Lecture 07 PDF

HCI Lecture 07 1  The System Unit The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data 2  The System Unit The inside of the system unit on a desktop pe...

HCI Lecture 07 1  The System Unit The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data 2  The System Unit The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes: Drive bay(s) Power supply Sound card Video card Processor Memory 3  The System Unit The motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit – A computer chip contains integrated circuits 4  Processor The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer – Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) Multi-core Dual-core Quad-core processor processor processor 5 Processor 6  Processor The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations 7  Processor For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle 8  Processor Most current personal computers support pipelining – Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction 9  Processor The processor contains registers, that temporarily hold data and instructions The system clock controls the timing of all computer operations The pace of the system clock is called the clock speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz) 10  Processor The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Intel and AMD 11  Processor A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to burn up Require additional cooling – Heat sinks – Liquid cooling technology 12  Processor Parallel processing uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single program or task – Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of processors 13  Data Representation Analog signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality Digital signals are in one of two states: on or off Most computers are digital The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1) Bits and bytes 14  Data Representation A computer circuit represents Eight bits grouped together as a the 0 or the 1 electronically by unit are called a byte. A byte the presence or absence of an represents a single character in electrical charge the computer 15  Data Representation ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most widely used coding scheme to represent data 16 Data Representation 17 Thank You 18