Hard Rock Tunneling 2022 PDF

Hard Rock Tunnelling A brief intro to drill and blast tunnelling technology  Amund Bruland Professor in Construction Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [email protected] 7359 4737 9709 3253  TUNNEL...

Hard Rock Tunnelling A brief intro to drill and blast tunnelling technology  Amund Bruland Professor in Construction Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [email protected] 7359 4737 9709 3253  TUNNEL ”An underground passageway, completely enclosed except for openings for entrance and exit, commonly at each end.” A B Portal/ Portal/ Entrance Exit Adit/ Adit/ Adit/ Access Access Access  Hard rock tunnelling The rock mass is the «construction material» and the «construction site». Drill and Blast Tunnelling Hydropower plant and waterways «completely enclosed» in rock mass Tunnel piercing under water - Lake tap  Deep lake taps  105 m Lake Juklavatn, the Folgefonn Hydropower Project, 1974.  109 m The Blåsjø Reservoir, the Ulla-Førre Hydropower Project, 1986.  120 m Lake Fossvatn, the Kobbelv Hydropower Project, 1987.  170 m Troll Shore Approach, where gas pipelines from the North Sea was pulled in through the piercing, 1994.  Troll shore approach T r o ll o il a n d g a s fie ld W a te rd e p th » 1 6 0 m T u n n e l p ie r c in g P ip e lin e P lu g S h o re a p p ro a c h tu n n e l The «Atlantic Ocean Tunnel» Gjøvikhallen  Oil and gas storage (gas under pressure) Tunnel excavation by D&B  Round Cycle Drilling Rhythmic (specialised Charging teams) Firing Shift rhythmic Ventilation Floating (Scaling and rock support) Loading and transport 2 - 5 shifts/crews Scaling and rock support 100 - 168 h/week (Control and surveying) Direct loading Rock support methods  Rock support principles (especially in hard rock conditions) Rock blasting technique Additional rock support methods Forepoling (bolt screen, pipe screen, …) Concrete lining (cast in situ) Pregrouting (mainly for water protection) Ground freezing ….. Sequential excavation (of large cross sections, e.g. caverns) Sequential excavation Future use: Underground City Singapore