Human Values & Professional Ethics PDF

HUMAN VALUES & PROFESSIONAL ETHICS UNDERSTANDING THE NEED, BASIC GUIDELINES, CONTENT, PROCESS FOR VALUE EDUCATION Need for Value Education: All the human beings continuously aspire for a happy life, a fulfilling and successful life, and the purpose of education is to provide adequate competence...

HUMAN VALUES & PROFESSIONAL ETHICS UNDERSTANDING THE NEED, BASIC GUIDELINES, CONTENT, PROCESS FOR VALUE EDUCATION Need for Value Education: All the human beings continuously aspire for a happy life, a fulfilling and successful life, and the purpose of education is to provide adequate competence to actualize this aspiration. For this, first of all it is essential to understand- what is really VALUABLE for human being, and, what is really conducive to a happy and fulfilling life? - this is the VALUE DOMAIN Then it is essential to know – How to actualize it? How to make it happen? – this is domain of SKILLS The subject which enables us to understand ‘What is valuable’ for human happiness is called ‘VALUE EDUCATION’. Thus, Value Education enables us to understand our needs and visualize our goals correctly and also indicate the direction of their fulfillment. The value of any unit in this existence is its participation in the larger order of which it is a part e.g. value of a pen is that it can write. Here writing is the participation of the pen in the bigger order in which pen, paper, human being, all are present. Different aspect to appreciate the need for value education Correct identification of our aspiration Understanding universal human values to fulfill our aspiration in continuity Complimentary of values and skills Evaluation f our belief Technology and human values BASIC GUIDELINES FOR VALUE EDUCATION Universal – applicable to all human beings Rational – not based on blind belief Natural and Verifiable All Encompassing – aimed at transforming our consciousness and living. It cover all dimensions of our living – thought, behavior, work, and understanding as well as all levels – individual, family, society and nature. Leading to Harmony THE PROCESS OF VALUE EDUCATION The process of Value Education has to be that of Self Exploration, and not of giving sermons or telling dos and don’ts. What ever is found as truth or reality may be stated as proposal and has to be verified at the own right. It is process of dialogue between ‘ What you are’ and ‘ What you really want to be’. It is a process of knowing oneself and through that knowing entire existence. It is a process of recognizing one’s relation with every unit in existence and fulfilling it. This process of self exploration helps you be in harmony within yourself and in harmony with everything around. It is a process of swatantra and swarajya starting from exploration of swatva. Swatva-natural acceptnce of harmony Swantantra-Being self organised Swarajya-Self-expression HUMAN VALUES VS MORAL VALUES Moral values regard matters of right and wrong whereas Human values help a person to distinguish between right and wrong. Moral values are constant and unchanging whereas Human values change from person to person and from time to time. Moral values are for self development and self discipline whereas Human values is about how we treat others in society. Moral values can be taught whereas Human values are inherited values and are intact in all of us. CORE HUMAN VALUES  Love: Unconditional and unselfish care Peace: Control the mind Truth: Indispensable ethical discipline Non- Violence: means respect for life and recognition of rights of others. Right Conduct: Truth in action is right conduct “ Thinking with Love is Truth, feeling wiyh Love is Peace, acting with Love is right conduct, understanding with love is non- violence.” PROCESS OF SELF EXPLORATION -It is a proposal. Don’t assume it to be true. Verify it at your own right - Not on the basis of scriptures - Not on the basis of reading from instrument - Not on the basis of others - Self verification Verify on the Proposal Live according to Basis of your Natural Acceptance behaviour work with rest with human of the nature leads to mutual leads to Realization happiness mutual prosperity Understanding BASIC HUMAN ASPIRATIONS We desire for many things in this world, say materialistic needs, respect, recognition, love, trust etc, but in the form of all these we aspire for true and continuous happiness and prosperity. Happiness: “ To be in a state of liking is happiness.” “ To be in a state of harmony is happiness.” Prosperity: Feeling of having more than required physical facility. For prosperity two things are required – 1. Identification of the quantity required for physical needs & 2. Ensuring availability / production LIST OF WANTS A big car Take care of my parent Happiness A good laptop A great House Not get angry Lot of Money Knowledge Respect Become a politician Good friends Have a great food A nice music system Get good marks Peace of mind A good guitar Do social work Understanding the purpose of life Satisfaction Be healthy Be loved Protect nature BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR FULFILLMENT OF HUMAN ASPIRATION Is needed in myself. I need 1. Right to study myself, the human being, & the entire Understanding existence of which I am a part 2. Relationship 3. Physical Facility Mutual Happiness Mutual Prosperity We are in relation ship The things we use, come with people, other human from what we call as nature being PRESENTLY, AS WE LOOK AROUND, WE FIND MOST OF THE PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING TWO CATEGORIES SVDD – Sadhan Viheen Dukhi Darinda SSDD – Sadhan Sampan Dukhi Darinda SSSS – Sadhan Sampan Sukhi Samridha Before we explain these we should have a clear understanding of ‘Desires’. Desires are of 1. Materialistic: Food, shelter, clothes and physical facilities which are quantifiable 2. Non- materialistic: It is qualitative in nature like respect, trust, happiness, recognition, peace etc WHERE DO WE STAND TODAY At the level of Individual: rising problems of depression, psychological disorder, suicides, stress, insecurity, health problem At the level of Family: Breaking of joint family, mistrust and insecurity in relationship, divorce, legal suits At the level of Society: Terrorism, casteism, wars between nations, fear of nuclear and genetic welfare At the level of nature: Global warming, water, soil, air, noise pollution, resource depletion of minerals and oil, loss of fertility of soil To live with continuous happiness and prosperity, the program is ‘to understand & to live in harmony at all levels of our living / existence’. There are four levels of our living 1. Self 2. Family 3. Society 4. Nature Continuous happiness is being in harmony within one self, being in harmony with others and being harmony with nature. UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEING AS THE CO-EXISTENCE OF THE SENTIENT ‘SELF’ AND THE MATERIAL ‘BODY’ Human = I (Self) Body Need (Respect, trust) (Food) (Happiness) (Physical Facility) In Time Continuous Temporary In Quantity Qualitative Quantitative Fulfilled by Right Understanding Physico- Chemical Things & Right feeling ( Food, Shelter etc.) Activities Desiring, thinking, selecting etc. Eating, Breathing, etc Activities Knowing, Assuming, Recognizing, Fulfilling Recognizing, Fulfilling Type Consciousness (Non- Material) Material The word ‘Sentient’ is defined as experiencing sensation or feeling. The non- materialistic happiness needed for self is called SUKH while acquiring physical facilities can be called SUVIDHA. DISTINGUISHING NEEDS OF THE SELF (I) AND BODY Needs Related to Body Related to ‘I’ Nice looking car Car for transport Food Tasty food Trust Happiness Knowledge 50 Lac Rupees Good health MBA UNDERSTANDING THE BODY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF ‘I’ I Body 1 I am My body is 2 I want to live My body is used as an instrument (of I ) 3 I want to live with happiness For nurture of body ----> Food For protection of body ----> Clothing, Shelter etc For right utilization of body ----> Instruments/ equipments etc Are needed as physical facilities 4 To understand & to live in harmony Production, protection and right at all 4 levels utilization of physical facilities is just a part of my program. 5 I am the seer, doer, and enjoyer Body is an instrument DRASTA, KARTA, BHOKTA UNDERSTANDING MYSELF Power Activity 1………………………. 1. ……………………………… Self 2. …………………..... 2. ……………………………… (I) 3. Desire (Ichchha) 3. Imaging (Chitran) 4. Thought (Vichara) 4. Analyzing (Vislesana) 5. Expactation (Asa) 5. Selecting/ Tasting (Chayan/ Asvadan) Body Information Exchange Power is the basic capacity for that activity HOW ARE THE ACTIVITIES IN (I) RELATED Power Activity 1………………………. 1.Realization Self 2. …………………..... 2.Understanding (I) 3. Desire (Ichchha) 3. Imaging (Chitran) 4. Thought (Vichara) 4. Analyzing (Vislesana) 5. Expactation (Asa) 5. Selecting/ Tasting (Chayan/ Asvadan) Sensations Body Information Exchange (Tasting: distinguishing the pleasantness or unpleasantness of any thought) There are two possible flows of the activities, and both keep taking place. From outside ( the body) to inside (in ’I’): ‘I’ receives sensations from the body and this is tasted in ‘I’ Based on this taste, thought could be triggered Based on these thoughts, desire may be set Ex: we may see a car From inside (in ‘I’) to outside (the body): We now have the desire of a good life via the car in us We start thinking about how to get a car, how we can have money, etc Based on that we make selection Here these activities are operated on the basis Sensation, Preconditioning, or natural acceptance (listening to one’s inner voice). If they are operating on the basis of sensation, preconditioning, I am dictated by others (PRATANTRA) and if they are operating on the basis of natural acceptance, I am self organized (SWATANTRA) UNDERSTANDING THE HARMONY OF ‘I’ WITH THE BODY: SANYAM AND SWASTHYA The human body is a self- organised mechanism and made up of several organs and glands. Human Being = Self (‘I’) co-existence Body Information Harmony Consciousness Material Sanyam ( Self-regulation) Swasthya (Health) Sanyam: Sanyam is the feeling of responsibility in ‘I’ towards the body for its nurture, protection and right utilization Swasthya: Swasthya has two elements – the body act according to me, and there is harmony in the body. PROGRAM TO ENSURE SANYAM AND SWASTHYA Sanyam: I take the responsibility of nurturing, protection & right utilization of body. 1. Nurturing of the body ( POSAN) Ingestion (Grahan) Digestion (Pachan) Excretion (Nishkasan) 2. Protection of the body ( Sanraksahan) Proper upkeep (Vihar) of the body Labour (Shram) Physical Exercise (Vyayam) Asan ( Pranayam) Treatment (Upchar) of the body 3. Right utilization of the body (Sadupyog) Swasthya: 1. The body is fit to act according to the self (I) 2. There is harmony among the various parts of the body. UNDERSTANDING THE HARMONY IN THE FAMILY AND SOCIETY We live in a family. In family we have relationships where we interact with other human beings. Family is the foundation of society, and provides the basis of continuity of human tradition on the earth. Harmony in the family: 1. Relationship is - between I & I 2. There are feelings in relationship - of one I with other 3. These feelings can be recognized - they are finite 4. Their fulfillment and evaluation leads to Mutual Happiness.  These feelings ( Emotions, Values) could be as follows: 1. Trust ( Vishwas ) ----> Foundation Value 2. Respect ( Samman ) 3. Affection (Sneha ) 4. Care ( Mamta ) 5. Guidance (Vatsalya ) 6. Reverence ( Shraddha ) 7. Glory ( Gaurav ) 8. Gratitude ( Kritagyata ) 9. Love ( Prem ) -------> Complete Value All the feelings are already within you- understanding only makes you aware and once you are aware of it there is continuity of these feelings and you are able to fulfill them UNDERSTANDING THE VALUES IN HUMAN- HUMAN RELATIONSHIP: Justice (Nyaya) : Justice is the recognition of values in relationship, their fulfillment, right evaluation and ensuring mutual happiness (Ubhay- Tripti). Thus there are four elements of justice: recognition of values, fulfillment, evaluation and mutual happiness ensured. We want harmony at all levels of livings. Harmony in the family is the building block for harmony in the society. Harmony in the society makes an undivided society, which is the desire of each one of us. UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF VISHWAS : DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN INTENTION AND COMPETENCE 1. Trust: To be assured that the other human being wants to make me happy & prosperous. Verify the following 1a. I want to make myself happy 2a. I want to make the other happy 3a. The others want to make himself happy/ herself happy 4a. The other wants to make me happy What is the answer 1a. I am able to make myself happy 2a. I am able to make the other always happy 3a. The other is able to make himself always happy 4a. The other is able to make me always happy. The first four questions are related to our natural acceptance i.e. intention and the next four to our competence. “To be assured that the intention of the other is always correct is trust” We generally evaluate ourselves on the basis of our intention and other on the basis of their competence. If we have trust on intention, we have a feeling of being related to the other & we start helping the other to improve his competence, if he does not have. 2. Respect: Respect is right evaluation. Need of ‘I’ is that ‘I’ should be evaluated as I am, I should evaluate others as they are. If I don’t do this, it is disrespect. Respect = right evaluation Disrespect: Over evaluation- To evaluate more than what it is Under evaluation- To evaluate less than what it is Otherwise evaluation- To evaluate other than what it is. The other is similar to me and the difference could only be at the level of understanding. DIFFERENTIATION Differentiation Body Physical Facility Beliefs Wealth Sex Isms Physical Post Age Strength Sects Race 3. Affection (Sneha ): The feeling of acceptance of the other as one’s relative ( feeling of being related to the other ) 4. Care ( Mamta ): The feeling of responsibility of nurturing and protecting the body of the relative. 5. Guidance (Vatsalya ): The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feeling in the ‘I’ of the relative. 6. Reverence (Shradha ): The feeling of acceptance for Excellence. Here excellence means - understanding of the harmony and living in that Harmony at all the levels 7. Glory ( Gaurava): The feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence. 8. Gratitude ( Kritagyata ): The feeling of acceptance for those who have made effort for my excellence. 9. Love ( Prem ): The feeling of being related to all, to every unit in existence, the entire existence UNDERSTANDING THE HARMONY IN THE SOCIETY (SOCIETY BEING AN EXTENSION OF FAMILY ) Harmony in the family is the building block for harmony in the society. Harmony in the society leads to an undivided society (Akhand Samaj) when we feel related with each other. Identification of the comprehensive human goal:(Samridhi) Trust (Abhay) (Saha- astitiva) 1. Right Understanding 2. Prosperity3. Fearlessness 4. Co-existence (Samadhana) In every individual in every family in society in nature PROGRAM NEEDED TO ACHIEVE THE COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN GOAL: THE FIVE DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN ENDEAVOUR The five dimensions of human order (Manaviya Vyavstha) are: 1. Education- Right living (Sikhsa- Sanskar) 2. Health – Self-regulation (Swasthya- Sanyam) 3. Justice – Preservation (Nyaya- Suraksha) 4. Production – Work ( Utpadan – Karya) 5. Exchange – Storage ( Vinimya – Kosh) 1a. Education = To understand harmony at all four levels = To understand the harmony right from self to the whole existence 1b.Sanskar = To live in harmony at all four levels = To live in harmony right from self to the whole existence 2a. Justice = Human- Human relation- its recognition, fulfillment, evaluation- leading to mutual happiness. 2b. Preservation = Human- Rest of nature – its recognition, fulfillment, evaluation- leading to mutual prosperity = enrichment, Protection, Right Utilization of nature. Ex: I cultivate wheat: this is enrichment, I protect it so that it fit to eat: this is protection; & I eat it (do not waste it) this is 5a.Exchange = Exchange of produce for mutual fulfillment ( not madness of profit) 5b. Storage = Storage of produce after fulfillment of needs ( with a view of right utilization in future)