Introduction to Demography Handout PDF

INTRODUCTION TO DEMOGRAPHY (PART I) INSTRUCTOR: MS. MINAMI O. IWAYAMA, MA  HISTORY John Graunt (April 24, 1620—April 18, 1674) Bills of mortality were the weekly mortality statistics in Founder of...

INTRODUCTION TO DEMOGRAPHY (PART I) INSTRUCTOR: MS. MINAMI O. IWAYAMA, MA  HISTORY John Graunt (April 24, 1620—April 18, 1674) Bills of mortality were the weekly mortality statistics in Founder of Demography London, designed to monitor Analyzed the Bills of Mortality – weekly recording burials from 1592 to 1595 of deaths in London and then continuously from 1603.  HISTORY Some of Graunt’s analysis…. Graunt classified death rates according to the causes of death, among which he included overpopulation: he observed that the urban death rate exceeded the rural. He also found that although the male birth rate was higher than the female, it was offset by a greater mortality rate for males, so that the population was divided almost evenly between the sexes.  HISTORY Some of Graunt’s analysis…. Graunt invented the life table, which presented mortality in terms of survivorship. He predicted the percentage of persons that will live to each successive age and their life expectancy year by year.  INTRODUCTION TO POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY - The term “demography” was coined by Achille Guillard in 1855 (but John Graunt is the real founder of demography). - -From two Greek words: “Demo” (people) + “Graphy” (to write or draw) - The statistical study of HUMAN populations. 2 KINDS: [I] FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY (Demography) [II] SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY (Population Studies)  DEMOGRAPHY OUTLINE I. FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY POPULATION SIZE POPULATION STRUCTURE POPULATION GROWTH AND DECLINE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS/COMPOSITION POPULATION PROCESSES 6.1 MORTALITY 6.2 FERTILITY 6.3 MIGRATION II. SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY [I] FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY  [I] FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY Formal Demography is concerned with the precise mathematical and statistical measurement and recording of the three population processes: Mortality, Fertility, and Migration  Mortality Example: Statistics on the Number of Maternal Deaths by Region in the Philippines (2016) Fertility Example: Statistics on the Total Fertility Rate per Woman in Southeast Asia (2018) Migration Example: Statistics on the Top Destinations of OFWs (2016)  [I] FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY Formal Demography is concerned with explaining the three population processes: Mortality, Fertility, and Migration using demographic data  Proportion by region: Why are HIV + cases more prevalent in Newly diagnosed HIV+ NCR and Region IV? patients in the month of February 2018 The statistics for population per region shows that the most densely populated regions are Region 4 and NCR, which may indicate that: since there are more people in said areas, the chances of them contracting HIV is higher than other regions; or high populations may indicate active sex life, thus giving them higher chances of contracting HIV.  [I] FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY Formal Demography studies what determines population change and the consequences of such change, and is concerned with that which influences or can be influenced by the following: POPULATION SIZE POPULATION STRUCTURE POPULATION GROWTH AND DECLINE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION POPULATIONCHARACTERISTICS/COMPOSITION POPULATION PROCESSES  POPULATION SIZE The number of people in a given place. EXAMPLES: World Population = 7.8 Billion (2020) ASIA has the highest population size AFRICA is the fastest growing population OCENIA has the lowest population size EUROPE has the slowest growth in population Philippine Population = 109,581,078 Million (2020) Philippines is the 8th Largest Population in Asia Metro Manila population (15 million by day; 12 million by night)  Region 3 and 4 are the peripheral regions of NCR = Spill-over communities  POPULATION SIZE 2 TYPES OF COUNTING THE POPULATION: DE FACTO POPULATION Physical presence in a given territory at a given moment in time All individuals in a given territory at a time is considered the population of that given territory (you will be counted where you are found at that moment) DE JURE POPULATION You will be counted to where you are permanently residing EXAMPLES: Place of Residence – where you are currently staying (could be de facto or de jure) Permanent Residence – where you are currently registered, where you pay your taxes (de jure)  POPULATION STRUCTURE The distribution of males and females in each age. POPULATION PYRAMID – Also called an "age-sex-structure/pyramid", is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing. POPULATION PYRAMID: POPULATION PYRAMID: PHILIPPINES (2019) JAPAN (2019)  POPULATION STRUCTURE  POPULATION GROWTH AND DECLINE How the number of people in a given place changes over time (The changes in population that happened to a given place from a given period (e.g. 2010) to another given period (e.g. 2020). GROWTH RATE The rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period. [2.1] POSITIVE GROWTH RATE - Indicates that the population is increasing [2.2] NEGATIVE GROWTH RATE - Indicates that the population is decreasing [2.3] ZERO GROWTH RATE - Indicates that there were the same number of individuals at the beginning and end of the period. - A growth rate may be zero even when there are significant changes in the birth rates, death rates, immigration rates, and age distribution between the two times.  POPULATION GROWTH AND DECLINE [2.4] FAST GROWTH RATE - The population is increasing at a rapid rate - Often, these are young populations with ages 23 and below as the dominant population EXAMPLES: Philippines and India [2.5] SLOW GROWTH RATE - The population is increasing, but in a slow manner - Often, these are old populations with low birth rates EXAMPLES: Germany and Japan POPULATION PYRAMID: POPULATION PYRAMID: PHILIPPINES (2019) JAPAN (2019)  POPULATION DISTRIBUTION The pattern where people are located and why. [4.1] SPARSELY POPULATED Places that contain few people. [4.2] DENSELY POPULATED Places that contain many people. EXAMPLE: Metro Manila is the world’s most densely populated city (42,857 per sq. k)  POPULATION DISTRIBUTION POPULATION DENSITY - A measurement of the number of people in an area, calculated by dividing the number of people by area. - Population density is usually shown as the number of people per square kilometer. EXAMPLE: A choropleth (shading) map illustrating population density.  POPULATION DISTRIBUTION FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION DENSITY  POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS/COMPOSITION Concerned with what people are like in a given place, in terms of variables such as education, income, occupation, family and household relationships, immigrant and refugee status, among others, that add up to who we are as individuals or groups of people. EXAMPLES: SOCIAL STATUS: age, sex, religion, civil status, ethnicity, race ECONOMIC STATUS: education, occupation, income  POPULATION PROCESSES The levels and trends* in mortality, fertility, and migration that are determining population size and change, and which can be thought of as capturing life’s 3 main moments: Hatching, Matching, and Dispatching *LEVEL – is static (e.g. Fertility right now) TREND – is dynamic (e.g. Growth and Decline)  POPULATION PROCESSES [5.1] MORTALITY = Death and Morbidity I: Death II: Morbidity/Health [5.2] FERTILITY = Birth I: Biological Aspect II: Economic Aspect III: Socio-Cultural Aspect [5.3] MIGRATION = Mobility [II] SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY  [II] SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY Social Demography is concerned with explaining a demographic phenomenon using other perspectives such as sociological, economic, or biological perspectives. The Philippines has the highest unemployment rate among members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) With this statistics, let’s explain why the Philippines has the highest unemployment rate among the ASEAN using SOCIOLOGY.  EXAMPLE: UNEMPLOYMENT in PH INCONSISTENT POLICIES ON Unemployed Filipino POP’N CONTROL who is troubled PREGNANCY IS A BLESSING RAPID 4,780 babies daily POPULATION or about 199 babies INCREASE SOCIAL born per hour or 3 HISTORICAL babies per minute CONDITIONS SLOW JOB GENERATION OFW IN PH PHENOMENON BRAIN DRAIN CHILDREN LEFT BEHIND HOUSE HUSBAND NUMBER OF MEASLES CASES REPORTED IN THE PHILIPPINES 2016-2019 (as of April 11, 2019) The objective of Social Demography is to explain a demographic phenomenon using other data (aside from demographic data) such as sociological, economic, or biological data SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY The objective of Formal Demography is to describe population processes (mortality, fertility, and migration) by measuring, and to explain them using demographic data. END